Abstract
Fluctuations in heart rate have long been the subject of investigation for almost as long as the electrocardiogram has been measured. Fluctuations with a period in the order of 2 to 100 seconds are usually referred to as heart rate variability (HRV) and are mainly of neuronal origin. This implies that the analysis of HRV may shed some light on the autonomous nervous system as it influences the neuro-cardiovascular system. Two main issues emerge if we want to analyze fluctuations in heart rate, viz. (a) how and with what accuracy can heart rate be assessed, and (b) in which way can variations in heart rate be quantified and analyzed? The lower bounds for the accuracy are discussed leading to the intrinsic signal-to-noise ratio of HRV. Consequently, the event series analysis of the cardiac event is reviewed and an interesting application of this approach is shown.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Akselrod. S., Gordon.. D.. libel. F. A., Shannon, D. C., Barger, A. C., and Cohen, R. J.. 1981, Power spectrum analysis of heart rate fluctuations: a quantitative probe of beat-to-beat cardiovascular control, Science 213: 220–223.
Bayly, E. J., 1968, Spectral analysis of pulse frequency modulation in the nervous system, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. BME-15: 257–265.
DeBoer, R. W., Karemaker, J. M., and Strackee, J., 1983, Beat-to-Beat variability of heart interval and blood pressure, Automedica 4: 217–222.
Coenen, A. J. R. M., Rompelman, O., and Kitney, R. I., 1977, Measurement of heart rate variability: Part II — Hardware digital device for the assessment of heart rate variability, Med. & Biol. Eng. & Comp. 15: 423–430.
Einthoven, W., 1985, Über die Form des menschlichen Elektrocardiogramms, Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 60: 101–123.
Einthoven, W., 1903, Die galvanometrische Registrierung des menschlichen Elektrokardiogramms, zugleich eine Beurteilung der Anwendung des Capillar-Elektrometers in der Physiologic, Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 99: 472–480.
Hyndman, B. W., 1970, A digital simulation of the human cardiovascular system and its use in the study of sinus arrhythmia, Ph.D. Thesis, University of London.
Hyndman, B. W. and Mohn, R. K., 1973, A pulse modulator model of pacemaker activity, Digest of the 10-th Int. Conf. on Med. & Biol. Eng., Dresden, p. 223.
Koeleman, A. S. M., Van den Akker, T. J., Ros, H. H., Janssen, R. T., Rompelman, 0., 1984, Estimation accuracy of P wave and QRS complex occurcnce times in the ECG: the accuracy for simplified theoretical and computer simulated waveforms, Signal Processing: 7: 389–405.
Kitney, R. I., Rompelman, O. (eds.), 1980, The Study of Heart Rate Variability, Clarendon Press: Oxford (UK).
Kitney, R. I., Rompelman. O. (eds.), 1987, The Beat-by-heat Investigation of Cardiovascular Function, Clarendon Press: Oxford (UK).
Latson, T. W., 1994, Principles and applications of heart rate variability analysis. In: Lynch C. III (ed.), Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology: Perioperative Considerations, Lippincott Company: Philadelphia, pp. 307–348.
Ludwig, C., 1847, Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Einflusses der Respirationsbewegungen auf der Blutumlauf im Aortensystem, Arch. Anat. Physiol. Wissenschafil. Med. p. 242–257.
Pagani, M., Lombardi, F., Guzetti, S., Rimoldi, O., Furlan, R., Pizzinelli, P.. Sandrone, G., Malfatto, G., Dell’Orto, S., Picculagu, E., Turiel, M., Baselli, G., Cerotti, S., Malliani, A.. 1986, Power spectral analysis of heart rate and arterial blood pressure variabilities as a marker of sympatho-vagal interaction in man and conscious dogs, Circ. Res. 59: 178–193.
Pehäz, J., 1978, Mayer waves: history and methodology, Automedica 2: 135–141.
Rompelman, O., Coenen, A. J. R. M., Kitney, R. I., 1977, Measurement of heart rate variability: Part I -Comparative study of heart rate variability analysis methods, Med. & Biol. Eng. & Comp. 15: 233–239.
Rompelman, 0., 1986, Tutorial review on the analysis of cardiac event series: a signal analysis approach, Automedica 7: 191–212.
Rompelman, O., Janssen, R. J., Koeleman, A. S. M., van den Akker, T. J., and Ros, H. H., 1986, Practical limitations for the estimation of P-wave and QRS-complex occurrence times, Automedica 6: 269–284.
Saul, J. P., Berger, R. D. Chen, M. H., and Cohen, R. J., 1989, Transferfunction analysis of autonomic regulation II. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia, Am. J. Physiol. 256 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 25 ): H153 - H161.
Sayers, B. McA., 1973, Analysis of heart rate variability, Ergonomics 16: 17–32.
TenVoorde, 1992, B. J., Modelling the Baroreflex, PhD-thesis. Free University, Amsterdam.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rompelman, O., TenVoorde, B.J. (1996). Analysis of Heart Rate Variability. In: Gath, I., Inbar, G.F. (eds) Advances in Processing and Pattern Analysis of Biological Signals. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9098-6_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9098-6_16
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9100-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9098-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive