Abstract
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) under construction at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics, CERN, will make use of superconducting magnets operating below 2.0 K. This requires, for each of the eight future cryogenic installations, an isothermal cooling capacity of up to 2.4 kW obtained by vaporisation of helium II at 1.6 kPa and 1.8 K. The process design for this cooling duty has to satisfy several demands. It has to be adapted to four already existing as well as to four new refrigerators. It must cover a dynamic range of one to three, and it must allow continuous pump-down from 4.5 K to 1.8 K. A possible solution, as presented in this paper, includes a combination of cold centrifugal and warm volumetric compressors. It is characterised by a low thermal load on the refrigerator, and a large range of adaptability to different operation modes. The expected power factor for 1.8 K cooling is given, and the proposed control strategy is explained.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
The LHC study group, “The Large Hadron Collider, Conceptual Design,” CERN Report/AC/95–05(LHC)
U. Wagner, “The LHC refrigerators with surface-located cold boxes for the temperature range 300–4.5 K,” LHC Project Note 70 (1996)
S. Claudet, W.K. Erdt, P.K. Frandsen, Ph. Gayet, N.O. Solheim, Ch. Titcomb and G. Winkler, Four 12 kW / 4.5 K cryoplants at CERN, Cryogenics (1994) 34 ICEC Supplement, p. 83–86
Ph. Lebrun, G. Riddone, L. Tavian and U. Wagner, Demands in refrigeration capacity for the Large Hadron Collider, in: “Proceedings of ICEC 16,” T. Haruyama, T. Mitsui, K. Yamafuji, ed., Elsevier Science (1997), p. 95–98
C.H. Rode, D. Arenius, W.C. Chronis, D. Kashey and M. Keesee, 2.0 K CEBAF cryogenics, in: “Advances in Cryogenic Engineering,” R.W. Fast, ed. Plenum Press, 35A (1990), p. 275–286
G. Claudet and R. Aymar, Tore supra and helium-II cooling of large high-field magnets, in: “Advances in Cryogenic Engineering,” R.W. Fast, ed. Plenum Press, 35A (1990), p. 55–67
B.S. Bevins, W.C. Chronis, and M.S. Keesee, Automatic pumdown of the 2 K cold compressors for the CEBAF central helium liquefier, in: “Advances in Cryogenic Engineering,” Plenum Press, N.Y. (1996), p. 663.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Millet, F., Roussel, P., Tavian, L., Wagner, U. (1998). A Possible 1.8 K Refrigeration Cycle for the Large Hadron Collider. In: Kittel, P. (eds) Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, vol 43. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9047-4_46
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9047-4_46
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9049-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9047-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive