Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Durability Evaluation of Adhesive Bonded Structures

  • Chapter
Adhesive Bonding

Abstract

The fact that no universal theory of adhesion exists confirms that adhesion science is an exceedingly complex and controversial subject. Although we have made great strides in recent years with the development of considerable accuracy in measuring the properties of practical adhesive materials, it remains impossible to predict with the same accuracy the service life of those materials in a bonded final assembly. This should be anticipated if we recognize that the bonded assembly is a much more complex system than the adhesive or adherend component parts. In particular, we must take note of the nonhomogeneity of the typical adherend surface where uniformly good wetting by the adhesive must take place before the curing of the adhesive to its ultimate strength. In addition, the simultaneous action of the environmental and stressing factors in the service condition is so complex that life prediction remains largely empirical.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. E. P. McGuire, American Adhesive Index, Padric Publishing, Mountainside, New Jersey (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  2. I. Matz, Adhesive Materials, revised by C. V. Cagle, Foster Publishing, Long Beach, Calif. (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  3. G. L. Schneberger (ed.), Adhesives in Manufacturing, Marcel Dekker, New York and Basel (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  4. C. V. Cagle, Handbook of Adhesive Bonding, McGraw-Hill, New York (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  5. I. Skeist, Handbook of Adhesives, 2nd edn., Van Nostrand- Reinhold, New York (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  6. W. H. Guttman, Concise Guide to Structural Adhesives, Reinhold, New York (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  7. C. V. Cagle, Adhesive Bonding Techniques and Applications, McGraw-Hill, New York (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  8. E. P. McGuire, Adhesive Raw Materials Handbook, Padric Publishing, Mountainside, New Jersey (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Adhesives, 1978/1979 Book A, Cordura Publications, San Diego, Calif.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Adhesives, 1978/1979 Book B, Cordura Publications, San Diego, Calif.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Adhesives Red Book, Palmerton Publishing, Atlanta, Georgia (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  12. P. F. A. Bijlmer, Influence of chemical pretreatments on surface morphology and bondability of aluminum, J. Adhes. 5, 319 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. J. D. Venables, D. K. McNamara, J. M. Chen, and T. S. Sun, Oxide morphologies on aluminum prepared for bonding, Appl. Surf. Sci. 3, 88 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. N. A. DeBruyne, The extent of contact between glue and adherend, Bulletin 168, Technical Services Dept., Aero Research Ltd., Duxford, Cambridge, England (December 1956).

    Google Scholar 

  15. W. D. Bascom, The origin and removal of microvoids in filiment wound composites, NRL Report 6268 (May 24, 1965).

    Google Scholar 

  16. E. P. Plueddemann, Adhesion through silane coupling agents, 25th SPI Reinforced Plastics Composites Div. Conv., Washington, D.C. (Feb. 1970).

    Google Scholar 

  17. W. D. Sell, Some analytical techniques for durability testing of structural adhesives, 19th Natl., SAMPE Symp. (April 1974).

    Google Scholar 

  18. P. E. Cassidy and B. J. Yager, A review of coupling agents as adhesion promotors, NASA Contract NASA 24073, Tracor Inc. (Sept. 1969).

    Google Scholar 

  19. J. D. Minford, Evaluating adhesives for joining aluminum, Metals Eng. Quart. (Nov. 1972).

    Google Scholar 

  20. J. D. Minford, Durability of adhesive bonded aluminum joints, in: Treatise of Adhesion and Adhesives (R. L. Patrick, ed.), Vol. 3, Chapter 2, p. 79, Marcel Dekker, New York (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  21. J. D. Minford, Effect of surface preparation on bonding aluminum, Adhes. Age 17, 24 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. J. D. Minford, Durability of bonded aluminum structure, SAMPE J. 11, (July-Sept. 1975).

    Google Scholar 

  23. J. D. Minford, Comparison of aluminum adhesive joint durability as influenced by etching and anodizing, J. Appl. Sci., Appl. Sci. Symp. 32, 91 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. J. D. Minford, Etching and anodizing pretreatments and aluminum joint durability, SAMPE Quart. 9, 18 (July 1978).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. J. D. Minford, Aluminum adhesive bond permanence, in: Treatise on Adhesion and Adhesives (R. L. Patrick, ed.), Vol. 5, Chapter 3, p. 45, Marcel Dekker, New York (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  26. J. D. Minford, “Adhesives”, in: Durability of Structural Adhesives (A. J. Kinloch, ed.), Chapter 4, p. 135, Applied Science Publishers, London (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  27. J. D. Minford, Joint durability studies with abraded, etched, coated, and anodized adherends, in: Adhesive Joints-Formation, Characteristics, and Testing (K. L. Mittal, ed.), p. 485, Plenum Press, New York (1984).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  28. N. J. DeLollis and O. Montoya, Mode of failure in structural adhesive bonds, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 11, 983 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. N. J. DeLollis, Theory of adhesion mechanism of bond failure and mechanism of bond improvement, Adhes. Age 11, 21 (1968); 12, 25 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  30. J. J. Bikerman, The Science of Adhesive Joints, 2nd ed., Academic Press, New York (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  31. J. J. Bikerman, in: Recent Advances in Adhesion (L. H. Lee, ed.), Gordon and Breech, New York (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  32. L. H. Sharpe and H. Schonhorn, Surface energetics, adhesion and adhesive joints, in: Advances in Chemistry Series, Vol. 43, p. 189, Am. Chem. Soc., Washington, D.C. (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  33. R. J. Good, in: Recent Advances in adhesion (L. H. Lee, ed.), Gordon and Breech, New York (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  34. J. A. Laird and F. W. Nelson, The effect of glass surface chemistry on glass epoxy systems, SPE Trans. 4, 120 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. P. W. Erickson, A. Volpe, and E. R. Cooper, Effects of glass surfaces on laminating resins, Mod. Plast. 41, 141 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. J. Outwater and D. Kellogg, A simple experiment to show the origin of water debonding of resins, Report for Contract V-3219 (01) (X) (Sept. 15, 1961).

    Google Scholar 

  37. W. A. Zisman, Surface chemistry of glass reinforced plastics, Symp. Glass-Resin Interface of Soc. Plastics Ind., 19th Annu. Exhib. and Conf., Chicago (Feb. 6, 1964).

    Google Scholar 

  38. S. Sterman and J. B. Toogood, How to promote adhesion with silicones and silanes, Adhes. Age 8, 34 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  39. J. A. Laird, Glass surface chemistry for glass reinforced plastics, Final Report, Navy Contract W-0679-C (FBM) (June 1963).

    Google Scholar 

  40. A. J. Kinloch, J. Adhes. 10, 193 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. J. D. Minford and E. M. Vader, S.A.E. Paper No. 740078, SAE Int. Auto Eng. Cong., Detroit (Feb. 1974).

    Google Scholar 

  42. J. D. Minford, Comparative effect of surface contamination on the strengths and performance of aluminum spot-welded or adhesive-bonded joints, ASM/ADDRG Conf. Tech. Impact of Surfaces: Relationship to Forming, Welding, and Painting, Dearborn, Michigan (April 1981).

    Google Scholar 

  43. J. D. Minford, F. R. Hoch, and E. M. Vader, Weldbond and its performance in aluminum body sheet, S.A.E. Int. Auto. Eng. Cong. Paper No. 750462, Detroit (Feb. 1975).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  44. C. L. Brett, J. Appl. Sci. 18, 315 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. W. L. Baun, N. T. McDevitt, and J. S. Solomon, Chemistry of metal and alloy adherends by secondary ion mass spectroscopy, ion scattering spectroscopy, and Auger electron spectroscopy, in: Surface Analysis Techniques for Metallurgical Applications, ASTM STP 569 (March 1975).

    Google Scholar 

  46. N. T. McDevitt and W. L. Baun, Some observations of the relation between chemical surface treatments and the growth of anodic barrier layer films, Air Force Materials Lab. AFML-TR-76–74 (June 1976).

    Google Scholar 

  47. N. T. McDevitt, W. L. Baun, G. Fugate, and J. S. Solomon, Surface studies of anodic aluminum oxide layers formed in phosphoric acid solutions, Air Force Materials Lab., AFML-TR-77–55 (May 1977).

    Google Scholar 

  48. N. T. McDevitt, W. L. Baun, G. Fugate, and J. S. Solomon, Surface analysis of 6061 and 7050 aluminum alloys after conditioning by chemical treatment, Air Force Materials Lab., AFML-TR-76–13 (March 1976).

    Google Scholar 

  49. N. T. McDevitt, W. L. Baun, and J. S. Solomon, Air Force Materials Lab., AFML-TR-75–122 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  50. A. Benninghoven, Surf. Sci. 28, 541 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. R. Schubert and J. C. Tracy, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 44, 487 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. R. Schubert, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 12, 505 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. R. Werner, Appl. Spectrosc.7A, 297 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  54. G. D. Davis and J. D. Venables, in: Durability of Structural Adhesives (A. J. Kinloch, ed.), Applied Science Publishers, London (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  55. M. A. Danforth, Surface analysis, in: Adhesive Bonding of Aluminum Alloys (E. W. Thrall and R. W. Shannon, eds.), Chapter 5, p. 75, Marcel Dekker, New York and Basel (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  56. D. M. Brewis, in: Durability of Structural Adhesives (A. J. Kinloch, ed.), Applied Science Publishers, London (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  57. J. C. Bolger, The chemical composition of metal and oxide surfaces and how they interact with polymeric materials, 30th Annu. Tech. Conf. SPE, Chicago (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  58. T. S. Sun, J. M. Chen, J. D. Venables, and R. Hopping, Appl. Surf. Sci. 1, 202 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Specification BAC-555, Boeing Aircraft Co. Seattle, Washington.

    Google Scholar 

  60. J. L. Cotter and R. Köhler, Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 1, 23 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. R. C. Snogren, Handbook of Surface Preparations, Palmerton Publishing Co., New York (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  62. M. J. Felson, SAMPE Tech. Conf Ser. 10, 100 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  63. D. H. Buckley, in: Adhesives in Manufacturing (G. L. Schneberger, ed.), Chapter 2, Marcel Dekker, New York and Basel (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  64. W. D. Bascom, J. Adhes. 2, 161 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. E. J. Hughes, J. Boutilier, and J. L. Rugherford, The effect of moisture on the dimensional stability of adhesively bonded joints, in: Adhesive Joints — Formation, Characteristics, and Testing (K. L. Mittal, ed.), p. 137, Plenum Press, New York (1984).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  66. H. Dodiuk, L. Drori, and J. Miller, The effect of moisture content in epoxy film adhesives on their performance, II: T-peel and 105°C lap shear strength, J. Adhes. 19, 1 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. A. Buchman, H. Dodiuk, and S. Kenig, Effect of moisture content in epoxy film adhesives on their performance, III: bulk properties, J. Adhes. 24, 229 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. M. R. Bowditch and K. J. Stannard, The effect of water on matrix/filler adhesion in a polyurethane elastomer, J. Adhes. 21, 329 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. D. J. Falconer, P. Walker, and N. C. McDonald, Chem. Ind., 1230 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  70. J. A. Scott, Durability of Bonded Joints, ASTM STP 401, p. 16 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  71. C. Kerr, N. C. McDonald, and S. J. Orman, J. Appl. Chem. 17, 62 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. S. Orman and C. Kerr, Aspects of Adhesion (D. J. Alner, ed.), p. 64, University of London Press (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  73. J. Comyn, D. M. Brewis, and S. T. Tredwell, Bonding of aluminum alloy with some phenolic adhesives and a modified epoxide adhesive, and strength changes on exposure to moist air at 50°C, J. Adhes. 21, 59 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. W. Brockmann, The environmental resistance of metal bonds in industries and applications for advanced materials technology, 19th Natl. SAMPE Symp. and Exhib., Azuza, Calif. (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  75. R. A. Gledhill and A. J. Kinloch, J. Adhes. 6, 315 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. A. J. Kinloch, Interfacial fracture mechanical-aspects of adhesive bonded joints, AGARD Lecture Series 102, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, Ohio (Oct. 1979).

    Google Scholar 

  77. R. A. Gledhill, A. J. Kinloch, and S. J. Shaw, J. Adhes. 11, 3 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. D. M. Brewis, J. Comyn, and R. J. A. Shalash, The effect of moisture and temperature on the properties of an epoxide-polyamide adhesive in relation to its performance in single lap joints, Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 2, 215 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. J. Comyn, Kinetics and mechanism of environmental attack, in: Durability of Structural Adhesive (A. J. Kinloch, ed.), Chapter 3, p. 85, Applied Science Publishers, London (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  80. B. S. Bryant, Handbook of Adhesion, 2nd edn. (I. Skeist, ed.), Chapter 24, Van Nostrand-Reinhold, New York (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  81. D. M. Brewis, J. Comyn, and C. Phanopoulos, Durability and surface analytical studies of adhesive bonding to wood, J. Adhes. 21, 303 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. ASTM D 2559–76, Std. Spec, for Adhesives for Structural Laminated Wood Products for Use Under Exterior (wet use) Exposure Conditions.

    Google Scholar 

  83. ASTM D 3165–73, Std. Spec, for Strength Properties of Adhesives in Shear by Tension Loading of Laminated Assemblies.

    Google Scholar 

  84. ASTM D 1713–65, Std. Spec, for Evaluating the Bonding Permanency of Water or Solvent Soluble Liquid Adhesives for Automatic Machine Sealing Top Flaps of Fiberboard Specimens.

    Google Scholar 

  85. ASTM D 3535–79, Std. Spec, for Evaluating Resistance to Deformation Under Static Loading for Structural Wood Laminating Adhesives Used Under Exterior (wet use) Exposure Conditions.

    Google Scholar 

  86. ASTM D 3434–75, Std. Spec, for Multiple-Cycle Accelerated Aging Test (Automatic Boil Test) for Exterior Wet Use of Wood Adhesives.

    Google Scholar 

  87. H. W. Eickner and W. E. Schowalter, A study of methods for preparing clad 24S-T3 aluminum alloy sheet surfaces for adhesive bonding, Forest Products Lab Reports 1813 and 1813A (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  88. H. W. Eickner, Adhesive bonding properties of various metals as affected by chemical and anodizing treatments of the surface, Forest Products Lab Report No. 1842A (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  89. H. W. Eickner, Adhesive bonding properties of various metals as affected by chemical and anodizing treatments of the surface, Forest Products Lab Report No. 1842 (August 1960).

    Google Scholar 

  90. A. W. Bethune, Durability of bonded aluminum structure, 19th Natl. SAMPE Symp., Los Angeles, Calif. (April 1974).

    Google Scholar 

  91. J. C. McMillan, Bonded joints and preparation for bonding, NATO AGARD Lecture Series 102, Paper No. 7, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, Ohio (March 1979).

    Google Scholar 

  92. W. Scardino and J. A. Marceau, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., Appl. Polym. Symp. 32, 51 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. J. D. Minford, unpublished report, Alcoa Labs, Alcoa Center, Pa.

    Google Scholar 

  94. J. D. Minford, unpublished report, Alcoa Labs, Alcoa Center, Pa.

    Google Scholar 

  95. J. D. Minford, Aluminum adhesive bond permanence, in: Treatise on Adhesion and Adhesives (R. L. Patrick, ed.), Vol. 5, Chapter 3, p. 91, Marcel Dekker, New York (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  96. M. J. Bodnar and R. F. Wegman, SAMPE J. 5, 51 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  97. J. D. Minford, unpublished report, Alcoa Labs, Alcoa Center, Pa.

    Google Scholar 

  98. J. D. Minford, Adhesives, in: Durability of Structural Adhesives (A. J. Kinloch, ed.), Chapter 4, p. 185, Applied Science Publishers, London (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  99. H. F. Wolfe, C.I. Rupert, and H. S. Schwartz, Evaluation of several bonding parameters on the random fatigue life of adhesively bonded aluminum joints, AFWAL Report No. TR-81–3096 (August 1981).

    Google Scholar 

  100. J. D. Minford, unpublished report, Alcoa Labs, Alcoa Center, Pa.

    Google Scholar 

  101. D. R. Askins and H. S. Schwartz, Durability of adhesive bonded honeycomb sandwich in accelerated adverse environments, in: Materials and Processes in Service Performance, p. 329, SAMPE, Azuza, Calif. (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  102. P. F. A. Bijlmer, Metal Finishing 70, 30 (April 1972).

    Google Scholar 

  103. T. J. Reinhart, Proc. Army Mater. Conf. 4, 201 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  104. J. D. Venables, D. K. McNamara, J. M. Chen, T. S. Sun, and R. Hopping, Natl. SAMPE Tech. Conf. 10, 362 (1978).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. G. D. Davis and J. D. Venables, in: Durability of Structural Adhesives (A. J. Kinloch, ed.), Chapter 2, p. 43, Applied Science Publishers, London (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  106. J. L. Cotter, in: Developments in Adhesives—1 (W. C. Wake, ed.), p. 1, Applied Science Publishers, London (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  107. W. T. McCarvill and J. P. Bell, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 18, 343 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. F. Keller, M. S. Hunter, and D. L. Robinson, J. Electrochem. Soc. 100, 411 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. M. S. Hunter, P. F. Towner, and D. L. Robinson, Proc. Am. Electroplating Soc. 46, 220 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. G. S. Kabayashi and D. J. Donnelly, Report No. DG-41517, Boeing Co. (Feb. 1974).

    Google Scholar 

  111. D. R. Askins, Environmental durability testing of structural adhesives, Part I of Contract AFML-TR-78–35, University of Dayton (Dec. 1978).

    Google Scholar 

  112. D. R. Askins, Environmental durability testing of structural adhesives, Part II of Contract AFML-TR-78–35, University of Dayton (Dec. 1978).

    Google Scholar 

  113. D. R. Askins and J. C. McKiernan, Adhesive bonding for shelters, Contract AFWAL-TR-80–4183, University of Dayton (Dec. 1980).

    Google Scholar 

  114. C. J. Amore and J. F. Murphy, Metal Finishing 63, 50 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. A. J. Kinloch, in: Adhesion—6 (K. W. Allen, ed.), p. 95, Applied Science Publishers, London (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  116. J. S. Solomon, D. Hanlin, and N. T. McDevitt, in: Adhesion Adsorption of Polymers (L. H. Lee, ed.), p. 103, Plenum Press, New York (1980).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  117. T. S. Sun, D. K. McNamara, J. S. Ahearn, J. M. Chen, B. Ditchek, and J. D. Venables, Appl. Surf. Sci. 5, 406 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. J. D. Venables, in: Adhesive Joints — Formation, Characteristics and Testing (K. L. Mittal, ed.), p. 453, Plenum Press, New York (1984).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  119. J. D. Venables, J. Mater. Sci. 19, 2431 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. R. G. Dillingham and F. J. Boerio, Interphase composition in aluminum/epoxy adhesive joints, J. Adhes. 24, 315 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. F. J. Boerio and C. H. Ho, Hydrothermal stability of aluminum/epoxy adhesive bonds, J. Adhes. 21, 25 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. W. Thiedman, F. C. Tolan, P. J. Pearce, and C. E. M. Morris, Silane coupling agents as adhesion promotors for aerospace structural film adhesives, J. Adhes. 22, 197 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. C. U. Ko and J. P. Wightman, Characterization of surface pretreatments on Al/Li alloy and related mechanical properties of polysulfone adhesive bonds, J. Adhes. 24, 93 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. C. U. Ko and J. P. Wightman, Experimental analysis of moisture intrusion into the Al/Li-polysulfone interface, J. Adhes. 25, 23 (1988).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. J. T. Martin, in: Adhesion and Adhesives (R. Houwink and G. Salomon, eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, London, New York (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  126. W. Brockmann, Adhäsion, 345 and 448 (1969); 52 and 250 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  127. G. Gierenz, Referate No. 5, Henkel, Dusseldorf (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  128. F. Gaillard, A. A. Roche, and M. J. Romand, The effects of surface conditioning of AISI-304 stainless steel on the interfacial properties of alloy/epoxy composite structure; adherend surface characterization using X-ray emission spectroscopy, in: Adhesive Joints — Formation, Characteristics, and Testing (K. L. Mittal, ed.), p. 85, Plenum Press, New York (1984).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  129. E. Ziane, G. Beranger, and C. Coddet, A study of adhesive/material/surface interaction for galvanized steel sheet assemblies J. Adhes. 19, 197 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. R. T. Foister, Adhesive bonding to galvanized steel, II. substrate chemistry, morphology, and bond failure analysis, J. Adhes. 24, 279 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. R. T. Foister and K. T. Schroeder, Adhesive bonding to galvanized steel, I. lap shear strengths and environmental durability, J. Adhes. 24, 259 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. A. Stevenson, The effect of electrochemical potentials on the durability of rubber/metal bonds in sea water, J. Adhes. 21, 313 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. B. O. Bateup, Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 1, 233 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. B. M. Ditchek, K. R. Breen, T. S. Sun, and J. D. Venables, SAMPE Tech. Conf. Series 12, p. 882 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  135. J. P. Wightman, SAMPE Quart. 13, 1 (1981).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. A. Mahoon, Titanium adherends, in: Durability of Structural Adhesives (A. J. Kinloch, ed.), Chapter 6, p. 255, Applied Science Publishers, London (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  137. E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Co. British Patent 793,731 (April 23, 1958).

    Google Scholar 

  138. G. Rappaport (to General Motors), U.S. Patent No. 2,809,130 (Oct. 8, 1957).

    Google Scholar 

  139. W. H. Kriedl, U.S. Patent No. 2,632,921 (March 31, 1953).

    Google Scholar 

  140. M. F. Kritchever (to Traver Corp.), U.S. Patent No$12,648,097 (Aug. 11, 1953) and 2,683,894 (July 20, 1954).

    Google Scholar 

  141. H. Schonhorn and R. H. Hansen, Surface treatment of polymers for adhesive bonding, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 11, 1461 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  142. H. Schonhorn, E. Ryan, and R. H. Hansen, Surface treatment of polypropylene for adhesive bonding, J. Adhes. 2, 93 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. J. D. Minford, Adhesive joining aluminum to engineering plastics: I. polyester fiberglass composite, in: Physicochemical Aspects of Polymer Surfaces (K. L. Mittal, ed.), Vol. 2, p. 1139, Plenum Press, New York (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  144. J. D. Minford, Adhesive joining aluminum to engineering plastics: II. engineering grade styrene and crosslinked styrene, in: Physicochemical Aspects of Polymer Surfaces (K. L. Mittal, ed.), Vol. 2, p. 1161, Plenum Press, New York (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  145. J. D. Minford, S.A.E. Paper No. 810816, Passenger Car Meeting, Dearborn, Michigan (June 8–12, 1981).

    Google Scholar 

  146. R. B. Krieger, Jr. and R. E. Politi, High temperature structural adhesives, in: Aspects of Adhesion (D. J. Alner, ed.), University of London Press, London (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  147. N. Bilow, A. L. Landis, and J. L. Miller, U.S. Patent No. 4,075,111 and 4,108,836 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  148. A. K. St. Clair, W. S. Slemp, and T. L. St. Clair, Adhes. Age 22, 35 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  149. N. Bilow, A. L. Landis, and R. M. Boschan, SAMPEJ. 18, 8 (1982).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. P. M. Hergenrother and H. H. Levine, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 14, 1037 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. J. D. Minford, Effect of 25 surface pretreatments on aluminum on the long-term durability of aluminum bonded joints, unpublished Alcoa Research Lab Report, Alcoa Center, Pa.

    Google Scholar 

  152. W. Brockmann, Steel Adherends, in: Durability of Structural Adhesives (A. J. Kinloch, ed.), Chapter 7, p. 281, Applied Science Publishers, London (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  153. J. D. Minford, Comparative aluminum joint evaluations in varying saltwater exposure conditions, J. Adhes. 18, 19 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. R. F. Wegman, W. M. Bodnar, E. S. Duda, and M. J. Bodnar, Adhes. Age 10, 22 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  155. H. W. Eickner, Weathering of adhesive bonded lap joints of clad aluminum alloys-Part I, Technical Report 54–447, Forest Products Lab. (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  156. H. W. Eickner, Weathering of adhesive bonded lap joints of clad aluminum alloys, Part II, Technical Report 54–447, Forest Products Lab. (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  157. H. W. Eickner, Weathering of adhesive boded lap joints of clad aluminum alloys, Part III, Technical Report 54–447, Forest Products Lab. (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  158. J. L. Cotter, in: Developments in Adhesives (W. C. Wake, ed.), p. 1, Applied Science Publishers, London (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  159. J. D. Minford, Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 1, 25 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  160. J. D. Minford, Joint durability studies with abraded, etched, coated, and anodized aluminum adherends, in: Adhesive Joints — Formation, Characteristics and Testing (K. L. Mittal, ed.), p. 485, Plenum Press, New York (1984).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  161. H. W. Eickner, Environmental exposure of adhesive bonded metal lap joints, WADC Tech. Report 59–564, Part I, Forest Products Lab. (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  162. H. W. Eickner, W. Z. Olson, and R. M. Lulling, Resistance of adhesive bonded metal joints to environmental exposure, Tech. Report WADC TR-59–654, Part II, Forest Products Lab. (Oct. 1962).

    Google Scholar 

  163. G. F. Carter, Outdoor durability of adhesive bonded joints under stress, Adhes. Age 10, 32 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  164. G. F. Carter, Durability of adhesive peel joints while stressed in water, ASTM STP 401, p. 28 (August 1966).

    Google Scholar 

  165. L. H. Sharpe, Some aspects of the permanence of adhesive joints, Symp. Struc. Adhesives Bonding, Stevens Inst. Tech., Hoboken, New Jersey (Sept. 16, 1965).

    Google Scholar 

  166. L. H. Sharpe, The interphase in adhesion, J. Adhes. 4, 51 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. E. Eichhorn et al, Untersuchungen über das alterungsverhalten, die temperaturabhengigkeit und zeit-standfestigkeit von metallkleverbindungen mit und ohne fullstoffzusatze zum klebstoff, Forschungsber. Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, No. 1734, Westdeutscher Verlag Köln u. Opladen (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  168. W. Althof and W. Brockmann, Adhes. Age 20, 28 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  169. H. D. Steffens and W. Brockmann, Aging resistance of light metal bonded joints using new surface treatment methods, Royal Aircraft Estab. Library Trans. No. 1662 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  170. E. McAbee and D. W. Levi, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 11, 2067 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. E. McAbee and D. W. Levi, Use of a reaction rate method to predict failure times of adhesive bonds at constant stress, Tech. Report 4105, Mater. Eng. Lab., Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, New Jersey (Dec. 1970).

    Google Scholar 

  172. A. A. Griffith, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. 221, 163 (1920).

    Google Scholar 

  173. G. R. Irwin, Fracture mechanics, in: Structural Mechanics (J. N. Goodier and N. J. Hoff, eds.), Pergamon Press, New York (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  174. E. J. Ripling, S. Mostovoy, and R. L. Patrick, Applications of fracture mechanics to adhesive joints, in: Adhesion, ASTM (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  175. S. Mostovoy, P. P. Crosley, and E. J. Ripling, Use of crackline loaded specimens for measuring plane-strain fracture toughness, J. Mater. 2, (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  176. E. J. Ripling, S. Mostovoy, and H. T. Corten, Fracture mechanics: a tool for evaluating structural adhe-sives, J. Adhes. 3, 107 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. S. Mostovoy and E. J. Ripling, Fracturing characteristics of adhesive joints, Final Report Contract N00019–71-C-0329, Mater. Res. Lab. (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  178. S. Mostovoy and E. J. Ripling, Factors controlling the strength of composite structures, Final Report Contact N00010–61-C-0231, Mater. Res. Lab. (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  179. S. Mostovoy and E. J. Ripling, Effect of joint geometry on the toughness of epoxy adhesives, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 15, 661 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. S. Mostovoy and E. J. Ripling, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 13, 1083 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. S. Mostovoy and E. J. Ripling, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 15, 641 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. S. Mostovoy, H. R. Smith, R. G. Lingwall, and E. J. Ripling, Eng. Fract. Mech. 3, 291 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. E. J. Ripling, S. Mostovoy, and C. F. Bersch, J. Adhes. 3, 145 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. S. Mostovoy and E. J. Ripling, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 16, 395 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  185. J. A. Marceau, Y. Moji, and J. C. MiMillan, A wedge test for evaluating adhesive bonded surface durability, Adhes. Age 20, 28 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. J. A. Marceau and Y. Moji, Application of fracture mechanics testing to process control for adhesive bonding, Document D6–41145, Boeing Commercial Airplane Company.

    Google Scholar 

  187. Common bonding requirements for structural adhesives, Process Document BAC 5514, Boeing Commercial Airplane Company.

    Google Scholar 

  188. J. A. Marceau and Y. Moji, Application of fracture mechanics testing to process control for adhesive bonding, Document D6–41141, Boeing Company (May 1973).

    Google Scholar 

  189. J. Cognard, Quantitative measurement of the energy of fracture of an adhesive joint using the “wedge test,” J. Adhes. 22, 97 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. N. N. S. Chen, P. I. F. Niem, and R. C. Lee, Fatigue behavior of adhesive bonded joints, J. Adhes. 21, 115 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  191. C. Lin and K. M. Liechti, Similarity concepts in the fatigue fracture of adhesively bonded joints, J. Adhes. 21, 1 (1987).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  192. A. J. Kinloch and S. J. Shaw, Developments in Adhesives 2 (A. J. Kinloch, ed.), Chapter 4, Applied Science Publishers, New York and London (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  193. W. D. Bascom, R. L. Cottington and C. C. Timmons, Nav. Eng. J., p. 73 (August 1978).

    Google Scholar 

  194. Weldbond flight component design/manufacturing program, First Quarterly Report Contract F33615–72-C-1716, Lockheed-Georgia (Oct. 1971).

    Google Scholar 

  195. R. C. Hall, SAMPE J. 10, 10 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  196. J. D. Minford, unpublished report, Alcoa Labs, Alcoa Center, Pa.

    Google Scholar 

  197. U. T. Kreubich and A. F. Marcantonio, New developments in structural adhesives for the automotive industry, J. Adhes. 22, 153 (1987).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  198. W. L. Krubsack, J. D. Minford, H. F. Campbell, and E. T. Englehart, Adhes. Age 3, 36 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  199. J. D. Minford and E. M. Vader, Aluminum-faced sandwich panels and laminates, Adhes. Age 18, 30 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, 29918, USA

    J. Dean Minford (Consultant)

Authors
  1. J. Dean Minford
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Xerox Corporation, Webster, New York, USA

    Lieng-Huang Lee

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Minford, J.D. (1991). Durability Evaluation of Adhesive Bonded Structures. In: Lee, LH. (eds) Adhesive Bonding. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9006-1_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9006-1_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9008-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9006-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation