Abstract
The visual system must convert the pattern of light that falls on the retina into perceptions. This involves a transformation of the visual image in several dimensions. Take, for example, depth perception. There are several cues to depth perception, including disparity, vergence, perspective, shading, texture gradients, interposition, motion parallax, size, and accommodation. For a complete perception, all of these must be analyzed. Where some cues conflict with others (see Kaufman, 1974), the system must resolve the conflicts and come to a decision. Where the cues agree with each other, the system produces a perception of the distance of an object from the subject, its position in relation to other objects nearby, and the three-dimensional shape of the object.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Albright, T. D., Desimone, R., and Gross, C. G., 1984, Columnar organization of directionally selective cells in visual area MT of the macaque, J. Neurophysiol. 51:16–31.
Born, R. T., and Tootell, R. B. H., 1992, Segregation of global and local motion processing in primate middle temporal visual area, Nature 357:497–499.
Boycott, B. B., and Dowling, J. E., 1969, Organization of the primate retina: Light microscopy, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B. 255:109–184.
Cleland, B. G., and Levick, W. R., 1974, Properties of rarely encountered types of ganglion cells in the cat’s retina and an overall classification, J. Physiol. (London) 240: 457–492.
Daw, N. W., 1967, Goldfish retina: Organization for simultaneous color contrast, Science 158:942–944.
Daw, N. W., 1984, The psychology and physiology of colour vision, Trends Neurosci. 7:330–336.
De Monasterio, F. M., and Gouras, P., 1975, Functional properties of ganglion cells of the rhesus monkey retina, J. Physiol. (London) 251:167–195.
Enroth-Cugell, C., and Robson, J. G., 1966, The contrast sensitivity of retinal ganglion cells of the cat, J. Physiol. (London) 187:517–552.
Famiglietti, E. V., and Kolb, H., 1976, Structural basis for ON-and OFF-center responses in retinal ganglion cells, Science 194:193–195.
Hubel, D. H., and Livingstone, M. S., 1987, Segregation of form, color, and stereopsis in primate area 18, J. Neurosci 7:3378–3415.
Hubel, D. H., and Wiesel, T. N., 1962, Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in cat’s visual cortex, J. Physiol. (London) 160:106–154.
Kaufman, L., 1974, Sight and Mind, Oxford University Press, London.
Kuffler, S. W., 1953, Discharge patterns and functional organization of mammalian retina, J. Neurophysiol. 16:37–68.
Livingstone, M. S., and Hubel, D. H., 1984, Anatomy and physiology of a color system in the primate visual cortex, J. Neurosci. 4:309–356.
Livingstone, M. S., and Hubel, D. H., 1987, Connections between layer 4B of area 17 and thick cytochrome oxidase stripes of area 18 in the squirrel monkey, J. Neurosci. 7:3371–3377.
MacNichol, E. F., and Svaetichin, G., 1958, Electric responses from the isolated retinas of fishes, Am. J. Ophthalmol. 46:26–46.
Mountcastle, V. B., 1957, Modality and topographic properties of single neurons of cat’s somatic sensory cortex, J. Neurophysiol. 20:408–434.
Movshon, J. A., Adelson, E. H., Gizzi, M. S., and Newsome, W. T., 1985, The analysis of moving visual patterns, in: Pattern Recognition Mechanisms (C. Chaga, R. Gattass, and C. Gross, eds.), Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Vatican City, pp. 117–151.
Poggio, G. F., Gonzalez, F., and Krause, F., 1988, Stereoscopic mechanisms in monkey visual cortex: Binocular correlation and disparity selectivity, J. Neurosci. 8:4531–4550.
Polyak, S. L., 1941, The Retina, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Rosenquist, A., 1985, Connections of visual cortical areas in the cat, in: Cerebral Cortex (A. Peters and E. G. Jones, eds.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 81–117.
Schiller, P. H., and Malpeli, J. G., 1977, Properties and tectal projections of monkey ganglion cells, J. Neurophysiol. 40:428–445.
Sherman, S. M., and Koch, C, 1986, The control of retinogeniculate transmission in the mammalian lateral geniculate nucleus, Exp. Brain Res. 63:1-20.
Stone, J., 1983, Parallel Processing in the Visual System, Plenum Press, New York.
Stone, J., and Fukuda, Y., 1974, Properties of cat retinal ganglion cells: A comparison of W-cells with X-and Y-cells, J. Neurophysiol. 37:722–748.
Tanaka, K., Hikosaka, K., Saito, H. E., Yukie, M., Fukada, Y, and Iwai, E., 1986, Analysis of local and wide-field movements in the superior temporal visual areas of the macaque monkey, J. Neurosci. 6:134–144.
Van Essen, D. C., Anderson, C. H., and Felleman, D. J., 1992, Information processing in the primate visual system: An integrated systems perspective, Science 255:419–423.
Werblin, F. S., and Dowling, J. E., 1969, Organization of the retina of the mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus. II. Intracellular recording, J. Neurophysiol. 32:339–355.
Wiesel, T. N., and Hubel, D. H., 1966, Spatial and chromatic interactions in the lateral geniculate body of the rhesus monkey, J. Neurophysiol. 29:1115–1156.
Zeki, S. M., 1977, Colour coding in the superior temporal sulcus of the rhesus monkey visual cortex, Proc. R. Soc. London B Ser. 197:195–223.
Zeki, S. M., 1978, Uniformity and diversity of structure and function in rhesus monkey prestriate visual cortex, J. Physiol. (London) 277:273–290.
Zeki, S. M., 1983, Colour coding in the cerebral cortex: The reaction of cells in monkey visual cortex to wavelengths and colours, Neuroscience 9:741–765.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Daw, N.W. (1995). Functional Organization of the Visual System. In: Visual Development. Perspectives in Vision Research. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6940-1_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6940-1_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-6942-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-6940-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive