Summary
Two regulatory cycles are known which assure the hydrogen and ammonia ion balance in the CNS. The CO2/bicarbonate system opposes excessive acidoses and may provide an important energy source (H+) for glia. The glutamate/glutamine system opposes excessive alkalosis and is important in balancing the excitation inhibition modulation of the CNS (glutamate — GABA system). Both systems are critically dependent on two glial enzymes: carbonic anhydrase and glutamine synthetase, respectively. The principal substrates for these enzymes- CO2, NH3 and glutamate- are derived from neurons and become increasingly available with greater neuronal activity.
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Van Gelder, N.M. (1982). Intracerebral pH Regulation and Ammonia Detoxification. In: Lowenthal, A., Mori, A., Marescau, B. (eds) Urea Cycle Diseases. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 153. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6903-6_61
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6903-6_61
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