Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosis is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology (1–3). Clinical features include fatigue, fever, dermatitis, photosensitivity, alopecia, arthritis, serositis, hematologic abnormalities, mucosal ulcerations, Raynaud’s phenomenon, neurological disease, and glomerulonephritis. Serologic features include false-positive VDRL, circulating immune complexes, depressed complement levels, and antibodies to nuclear constituents, leukocytes, and erythrocytes. The diagnosis should be made if a patient fulfills four or more of the criteria established by the American College of Rheumatology (4). Although genetic (5), hormonal (6), and environmental (7) factors have been implicated in the etiology and modification of disease activity, immunologic abnormalities are postulated as essential in the pathogenesis of disease (8–14).
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Olmstead, S.M., Venzor, J., Huston, D.P. (1998). Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. In: Suki, W.N., Massry, S.G. (eds) Suki and Massry’s THERAPY OF RENAL DISEASES AND RELATED DISORDERS. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6632-5_28
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