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RNA-Dependent Protein Kinases

  • Chapter
RNA Binding Proteins

Part of the book series: Endocrine Updates ((ENDO,volume 16))

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Abstract

RNA molecules conduct various functions in living organisms by interacting with other biological molecules. The recognition of RNA molecules, usually by proteins, is often dependent on the shape into which the RNA folds, rather than on any specific nucleotide sequence (1). This review focuses on double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) dependent protein kinase (PKR), which phosphorylates the a subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF-2α) (2). PKR contains two amino acid sequence motifs called dsRNA-binding motifs (DRBM that allow binding to dsRNA and subsequently convert the protein from a latent to an active serine/threonine protein kinase (3). PKR is the only known kinase that depends on dsRNA for activation, although two closely related eIF-2a kinases, pancreatic eIF-2α kinase (PEK) (4) and PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) (5), have been described. PKR presents a unique paradigm for studying RNA: protein interaction because its activity depends on binding to dsRNA but not DNA, single-stranded RNA, or RIVA:DNA hybrids. Well-known for mediating the antiviral effects of interferons (IFNs), PKR is also implicated in regulating cell differentiation, signal transduction, and in eliciting apoptosis in response to various stress induction agents (3, 6). Although the protein is ubiquitous in cells, PKR activity is suppressed during cell proliferation and in tumor cells, suggesting a role for the kinase in the regulation of cell proliferation. This review summarizes the viral and cellular proteins and dsRNAs that activate and inhibit PKR, and the most recent findings in PKR knockout mice.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Raymond A. Petryshyn

  2. Howard University, Washington, DC, USA

    Sergie Nekhai

  3. Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20010, USA

    Evelio D. Perez-Albuerne

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  1. Raymond A. Petryshyn
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  2. Sergie Nekhai
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Medicine and Physiology & Biophysics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA

    Kathryn Sandberg Ph.D. (Associate Professor) (Associate Professor)

  2. Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA

    Susan E. Mulroney Ph.D. (Associate Professor) (Associate Professor)

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Petryshyn, R.A., Nekhai, S., Perez-Albuerne, E.D. (2002). RNA-Dependent Protein Kinases. In: Sandberg, K., Mulroney, S.E. (eds) RNA Binding Proteins. Endocrine Updates, vol 16. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6446-8_10

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