Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cognitive Remediation of Psychotic Patients

  • Chapter
Rehabilitation

Part of the book series: Human Brain Function ((HBFA))

  • 246 Accesses

Abstract

In the United States, recent estimates indicate that approximately $12 billion are spent annually to treat schizophrenia, and lost productivity as a result of the disease costs approximately $28 billion. It is well documented that schizophrenia also involves a host of cognitive, social, and occupational deficits that place limits on the ability to function independently. Approximately two-thirds of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia are unable to maintain full independence and require some degree of supervised care. Because functional deficits are relatively refractory to traditional forms of treatment, it is imperative to develop innovative treatments that focus on improving social and occupational functioning.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Anderson, S. W., Damasio, H., Jones, D. R., & Tranel, D. (1991). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance as a measure of frontal lobe damage. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 13, 909–922.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asarnow, R. F., & MacCrimmon, D. J. (1978). Residual performance deficit in clinically remitted schizophrenics: A marker of schizophrenia? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 597–608.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asarnow, R. F., & MacCrimmon, D. J. (1981). Span of apprehension deficits during the postpsychotic stages of schizophrenia: A replication and extension. Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, 1006–1011.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asarnow, R. F., Stetty, R. A., MacCrimmon, D. J., & Cleghorn, J. M. (1977). An attentional administration of foster children at risk for schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 86, 267–275.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asarnow, R. F., Granholm, E., & Sherman, T. (1991). Span of apprehension in schizophrenia. In S. R. Steinhauer, J. H. Gruzelier, & J. Zubin (Eds.), Handbook of schizophrenia: Vol. 5. Neuropsychology, psychophysiology and information processing, (pp. 335–370 ). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauman, E. (1971a). Schizophrenic short-term memory: A deficit in subjective organization. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 3, 55–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bauman, E. (1971b). Schizophrenic short-term memory: The role of organization at input. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 36, 14–19.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bauman, E., & Murray, D. J. (1968). Recognition versus recall in schizophrenia. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 22, 18–25.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bellack, A. S., Mueser, K. T., Morrison, R. L., Tierney, A., & Podell, K. (1990). Remediation of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 1650–1655.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bowen, L., Wallace, C.J., Glynn, S. M., Nuechterlein, K. H., Lutzger, J. R., & Kuehnel, T. G. (1989). Relationships among schizophrenic patients on attentional deficits, social problem-solving skills, and performance in psychoeducational rehabilitation tasks. Paper presented at the 23rd annual convention of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bracha, H. S. (1989). Is there a right hemi-hyper-dopaminergic psychosis? Schizophrenia Research, 2, 317–324.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brenner, H. D., Kraemer, S., Hermanutz, M., & Hodel, B. (1990). Cognitive treatment in schizophrenia. In E. R. Straube & J. Hahleg (Eds.), Schizophrenia: Concepts, vulnerability, and interventions, (pp. 161–192 ). New York: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brenner, H. D., Hodel, B., Roder, V., & Corrigan, P. (1992). Treatment of cognitive dysfunctions and behavioral deficits in schizophrenia: Integrated psychological therapy. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 18, 21–26.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Calev, A., Venables, P. H., & Monk, A. F. (1983). Evidence for distinct verbal memory pathologies in severely and mildly disturbed schizophrenics. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 9, 243–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Calev, A., Korin, Y., Kugelmass, S., & Lerer, B. (1987). Performance of chronic schizophrenics on matched word and design recall tasks. Biological Psychiatry, 22, 699–709.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlsson, A. (1988). The current state of the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology, 1, 179–186.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corrigan, P. W., Wallace, C. J., Schade, M. L., & Green, M. F. (1994). Cognitive dysfunctions and psychosocial skill learning in schizophrenia Behavior Therapy, 25, 5–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delis, D. C., Kramer, J. H., Kaplan, E., & Ober, B. A. (1987). California Verbal Learning Test. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corp: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

    Google Scholar 

  • Estes, W. K., & Taylor, H. A. (1966). Visual detection in relation to display size and redundancy of critical elements. Perception and Psychophysics, 1, 9–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flor-Henry, P. (1976). Lateralized temporal-limbic dysfunction and psychopathology. Annual New York Academy Sciences, 280, 777–795.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaag, M. van der. (1992). The results of cognitive training in schizophrenic patients. Oegstgeest, The Netherlands: Eburon Delft.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gold, J. M., Randolph C., Carpenter, C. J., Goldberg, T. E., & Weinberger, D. R. (1992). Forms of memory failure in schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 487–494.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, T. E., Weinberger, D. R., Berman, K. F., Pliskin, N. H., & Podd, M. H. (1987). Further evidence for dementia of the prefrontal type in schizophrenia? A controlled study of teaching the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 1008–1014.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, G. (1986). The neuropsychology of schizophrenia. In I. Grant and K. M. Adams (Eds.), Neuropsychologi cal assessment of neuropsychiatric disorders, (pp. 147–171 ). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, M. F. (1993). Cognitive remediation in schizophrenia: Is it time yet? American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 178–187.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green, M. F., Satz., P., Ganzell, S., & Vaclav, J. F. (1992). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in schizophrenia: Remediation of a stubborn deficit. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 62–67.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gur, R. E. (1978). Left hemisphere dysfunction and left hemisphere overactivation in schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 226–238.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heaton, R. K. (1981). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hellman, S. G., Green, M. F., Kern, R. S., & Christenson, C. D. (1992). The effects of instruction versus reinforcement on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test [abstract]. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 14, 63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaeger, J., & Douglas, E. (1991). Adjunctive neuropsychological remediation in psychiatric rehabilitation: Program description and preliminary data. Schizophrenia Research, 4, 304–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaeger, J., Berns, S., Tigner, A., & Douglas, E. (1992). Remediation of neuropsychological deficits in psychiatric populations: Rationale and methodological considerations. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 28, 367–390.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kahneman, D. (1973). Attention and effort. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kayton, L., & Koh, S. D. (1975). Hypohedonia in schizophrenia. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders, 161, 412–420.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kern, R. S., Wallace, C.J., Hellman, S. G., Womack, L. M., & Green, M. F. (1996). A training procedure for remediating WCST deficits in psychotic patients: An adaptation of errorless learning principles. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 30, 283–294.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kern, R. S., Wallace, C. J., Green, M. F., & Hellman, S. G. (1993). The application of errorless learning on WCST performance in psychotic patients. Paper presented at the eighth annual meeting of the Society for Research in Psychopathology. Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kern, R. S., Green, M. F., & Goldstein, M. J. (1995). Modifiability of performance on the span of apprehension, a putative vulnerability indicator of schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104, 385–389.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King, H. E. (1991). Psychomotor dysfunction in schizophrenia. In S. R. Steinhauer, J. H. Gruzelier, & J. Zubin (Eds.), Handbook of schizophrenia: Vol. 5. Neuropsychology, psychophysiology and information processing, (pp. 273–301 ). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science

    Google Scholar 

  • Koh, S. D., & Kayton, L. (1974). Memorization of “unrelated” word strings by young nonpsychotic schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 33, 14–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koh, S. D., Kayton, L., & Berry, R. (1973). Mnemonic organization in young nonpsychotic schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 81, 299–310.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koh, S. D., Kayton, L, & Peterson, R. A. (1976). Affective encoding and consequent remembering in schizophrenic young adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 85, 156–166.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koh, S. D., Grinker, R. R., Sr., Marusarz, T. Z., & Forman, P. L. (1981). Affective memory and schizophrenic anhedonia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, Z 292–307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kovelman, J. A., & Scheibel, A. B. (1984). A neurohistological correlate of schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 19, 1601–1621.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kraemer, S., Zinner, H. J., & Moller, H. J. (1989). Cognitive training and social skills training in relation to basic disturbances in chronic schizophrenic patients. Paper presented at the proceedings of the World Congress of Psychiatry, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larsen, S. F., & Fromholt, P. (1976). Mnemonic organization and free recall in schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 85, 61–65.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maher, B. A. (1991). Language and schizophrenia. In S. R. Steinhauer, J. H. Gruzelier, & J. Zubin (Eds.), Handbook of schizophrenia: Vol. 5. Neuropsyclwlogy, psychophysiology and information processing, (pp. 437–464 ). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mednick, S. A., Parnas, J., & Schulsinger, F. (1987). The Copenhagen high-risk project, 1962–1986. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 13, 485–495.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milner, B. (1963). Effects of different brain lesions on card sorting. Archives of Neurology, 9, 90–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moray, N. (1969). Attention: Selective processes in vision and hearing. London: Hutchinson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mueser, K. T., Bellack, A. S., Douglas, M. S., & Wade, J. H. (1991). Prediction of social skill acquisition in schizophrenic and major affective disorder patients from memory and symptomatology. Psychiatry Research, 37, 281–296.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nachmani, G., & Cohen, B. D. (1969). Recall and recognition free learning in schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 74, 511–516.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nuechterlein, K. H., & Asarnow, R. F. (1989) Perception and cognition. In H. I. Kaplan & B. J. Sadock (Eds.), Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry, (5th ed., Vol. 1, pp. 241–256 ). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nuechterlein, K. H., & Dawson, M. E. (1984). Information processing and attentional functioning in the developmental course of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 10, 160–203.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nuechterlein, K. H., Dawson, M. E., Gitlin, M., Ventura, J., Goldstein, M. J., Snyder, K. S., Yee, C. M., & Mintz, J. (1992). Developmental processes in schizophrenic disorders: Longitudinal studies of vulnerability and stress. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 18, 387–425.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olbrich, R., & Mussgay, L. (1990). Reduction of schizophrenic deficits by cognitive training: An evaluative study. European Archives of Psychiatry and Neurological Science, 239, 366–369.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sacuzzo, D. P., & Braff, D. L. (1981). Early information processing deficit in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, 175–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanders, A. F. (1983). Towards a model of stress and human performance. Acta Psychologica, 53, 61–97.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saykin, A. J., Gur, R. C., Gur, R. E., Mozley, P. D., Mozley, L. H., Resnick, S. M., Kester, D. B., & Stafiniak, P. (1991). Neuropsychological function in schizophrenia: Selective impairment in memory and learning. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 618–624.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spaulding, W. D., & Sullivan, M. (1991). From the laboratory to the clinic: Psychological methods and principles in psychiatric rehabilitation. In R. P. Liberman (Ed.), Handbook of psychiatric rehabilitation. Elmsford, NY: Pergamon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Summerfelt, A. T., Alphs, L. D., Wagman, A. M. I., Funderburk, F. R., Hierholzer, R. M., & Strauss, M. E. (1991). Reduction of perseverative errors in patients with schizophrenia using monetary feedback. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 613–616.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Terrace, H. S. (1963). Discrimination learning with and without errors. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 6, 1–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, B. R. (1968). The training of attending and abstracting responses in chronic schizophrenics. Journal of Experimental Research in Personality, 3, 77–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodworth, R. S. (1948). Experimental psychology. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yozawitz, A. (1986). Applied neuropsychology in a psychiatric center. In I. Grant & K. M. Adams (Eds.), Neuropsychological assessment of neuropsychiatric disorders. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. West Los Angeles VA Medical Center (B 116AR), 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, California, 90073, USA

    Robert S. Kern

  2. UCLA-Neuropsychiatric Institute and Hospital, 760 Westwood Plaza (C9-420), Los Angeles, California, 90024-4344, USA

    Michael F. Green

Authors
  1. Robert S. Kern
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Michael F. Green
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Highland Drive Division (151R), VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System and University of Pittsburgh, 7180 Highland Drive, 15206-1297, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Gerald Goldstein

  2. School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Sue R. Beers

  3. Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, 3811 O’Hara Street, 15213, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Sue R. Beers

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kern, R.S., Green, M.F. (1998). Cognitive Remediation of Psychotic Patients. In: Goldstein, G., Beers, S.R. (eds) Rehabilitation. Human Brain Function. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6392-8_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6392-8_15

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-3279-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-6392-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation