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Particulate Carbon pp 91–106Cite as

The Chemical Analysis of Particulate Carbon

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Abstract

Considerable information concerning the formation of particulate carbon during combustion can be obtained by a detailed analysis of the organic compounds that are associated with the particles. As combustion products cool and are expelled from the combustion system, most organic vapors are adsorbed on the carbon particles. Characterization of these adsorbed materials is important in understanding the effects of different reaction conditions on the formation of particulate carbon.

Generally speaking, there are two approaches to the chemical analysis of particulate carbon. The particles can be probed directly by spectroscopic techniques or extracted with suitable solvents before analysis. The latter approach generally yields more useful information because the extracted sample can be resolved into a number of relatively pure components using modern chromatographic methods prior to qualitative and quantitative measurements.

High resolution gas chromatography represents the most powerful approach for resolving complex organic mixtures, and can be used effectively in the analysis of combustion products. The technique, however, is limited to the analysis of the more volatile sample components. High performance liquid chromatography can extend this range to higher molecular weight species. Polycyclic aromatic compounds containing up to ten and eleven rings have been successfully chromatographed using this technique. New approaches including supercritical fluid chromatography and field-flow fractionation offer the potential of extending chemical separations to even larger compounds.

This paper describes the different approaches to the chemical analysis of particulate carbon and compares the chemical compositions of particulate carbon formed in a variety of different combustion systems.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA

    M. L. Lee

  2. University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

    K. D. Bartle

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  1. Engine Research Department, General Motors Research Laboratories, Warren, Michigan, USA

    Donald C. Siegla (Symposium Cochairman) (Symposium Cochairman)

  2. Physics Department, General Motors Research Laboratories, Warren, Michigan, USA

    George W. Smith (Symposium Cochairman) (Symposium Cochairman)

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Lee, M.L., Bartle, K.D. (1981). The Chemical Analysis of Particulate Carbon. In: Siegla, D.C., Smith, G.W. (eds) Particulate Carbon. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6137-5_4

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