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Dispersants

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Book cover Organic Additives and Ceramic Processing

Abstract

Sedimentation Height. If a ceramic powder with a particle size ranging from about 1 mm to 5 mm is well dispersed (deflocculated or deagglomerated) in a fluidizing liquid (the solvent) and then left to settle by the forces of gravity, after a few hours the particles will form a fairly dense compact at the bottom of the vessel, with a packing factor of about 50% of the theoretical density of the fully sintered ceramic. The solvent lubricates the particles as they fall, letting them pack better than they would in the dry “shaken and settled” example listed in Table 5.1, which only would be about 33% of theoretical density (T.D.). This wet-settled packing factor is approximately as good as in the dry “lubricated and pressed” example in that table, even though only 1 g of gravity is the force, compared to 10,000 pounds per square inch or so in dry pressing. The reason for the good packing is a highly effective sort of lubrication that the solvent provides, which allows the falling particles to rearrange themselves, filling whatever pores are close to their individual sizes. The settled condition is shown in Fig. 8.1, compared to the same weight of poorly dispersed (flocculated) powder that only wet-settles to a larger final volume with a lower packing factor. If the powder is very much flocculated, and there is a lot of it in the slip, there might not be any visible settling at all, since the floc can fill the entire container. Various intermediate levels of dispersion, occurring either because the dispersant or the mechanical action (ball milling, etc.) are only moderately effective, will result in various intermediate heights of the powder column after a few hours. Therefore the “sedimentation height” of the settled powder has been used as a quantitative measure of dispersion effectiveness.1

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    Daniel J. Shanefield

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Shanefield, D.J. (1995). Dispersants. In: Organic Additives and Ceramic Processing. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6103-0_8

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