Abstract
Advanced fiber reinforced composites (AFRCs) are a class of materials which are made up of a reinforcing phase and a matrix phase. The reinforcing phase can be short fibers or continuous fibers. Typical examples of fibers which are used include carbon, glass, silicon carbide and polyaramid. The matrix phase can be a thermoplastic, thermoset, ceramic or metal. A summary of selected properties for engineering materials is presented in Table 2.1. With reference to Table 2.1, it is readily apparent that the specific properties (property of interest divided by the density) of AFRCs are superior to those of other engineering materials. This makes AFRCs ideal materials for primary and secondary load-bearing applications where weight is at a premium. Hence there is extensive utilization for aerospace and other transport-based applications. The drive to reduce the overall weight of AFRCs has resulted in the development of hollow glass and carbon fibers.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Engineering Materials Handbook. Vol. 1. Composites (1987) ASM International.
Klocek, P., Roth, M. and Rock, R. D. (1987) Chalcogenide glass optical fibres and image bundles: property and applications. Optical Engineering, 26 (2), 88–95.
Martin, A. (1998) Ph.D. Thesis, Brunel University.
UK Composites Association and Hunting Engineering (1997).
Ciba Geigy Trade Literature (1981) Fibredux 914.
Brooks, D. (1997) Department of Materials Engineering, Brunel University, unpublished results.
Badcock, R. A. and Fernando, G. F. (1995) An intensity-based optical fibre sensor for fatigue damage detection in advanced fibre-reinforced composites. Smart Materials and Structures, 4, 223–230.
Martin, D. A. (1987) Optical fibre coating evaluation for composite embedment applications. Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings, Pittsburgh, PA, 88, 19–26.
DiFrancia, C., Claus, R., Hellgeth, J. W. and Ward, T. C. (1989) Structure/property correlation of several polyimide optical fibre coatings for embedding in an epoxy matrix. SPIE, 1170, 505–512.
DiFrancia, C., Ward, T. C. and Claus, R. O. (1996) The single fibre pull-out test. 2. Quantitative evaluation of an uncatalysed TGDDM/DDS epoxy cure study. Composites Part A, 27A, 613–624.
Oxford Electronics Ltd. (1997) Trade literature.
Sirkis, J. S. and Lu, I. P. (1993) On interphase modelling for optical fibre sensors embedded in unidirectional composite systems. ASME, Aerospace Division, Proceedings of the 1993 ASME Winter Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, 35, 419–426.
Sirkis, J. S. and Lu, I. P. (1995) On interphase modeling of optical fibre sensors embedded in unidirectional composite systems. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 6, 199–209.
Sirkis, J. S. and Grande, R. (1995) Nonlinear analysis of composite strength loss due to embedded ductile metal coated optical fibre sensors. Proceedings of SPIE, 2442, 152–159.
Dasgupta, A. and Sirkis, J. S. (1992) Importance of coatings to optical fibre sensors. AIAA Journal, 30 (5), 88–99.
King, W. W. and Aloisio, C. J., Jr (1997) Thermomechanical mechanism for delamination of polymer coating from optical fibers. Journal of Electronic Packaging, Transactions of the ASME,119 (2), 133–136.
Matthewson, M. J., Kurkian, C. R. and Hamblin, J R (1997) Acid stripping of fused silica optical fibres without strength degradation. Journal of Lightwave Technology,15 (3), 490–497.
Matejec, V., Hayer, M., Pavlovic, P., Kuncova, M., Kuncova, G. and Guglielmi, M. (1995) Effect of preparation of sol-gel coatings on the strength of optical fibres. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 5 (3), 193–199.
Schultheisz, C. R., Schutte, C. L., McDonough, W. G., Macturk, K. S. and McAuliffe, M. (1996) Effect of temperature and fibre coating on the strength of E-glass fibres and the E-glass/epoxy interface for single-fibre fragmentation samples immersed in water. ASTM Special Technical Publication, No. 1290, pp. 103–131, ASTM, Conshohocken, PA.
Doremus, R. H. (1995) Diffusion of water in silica glass, Journal of Materials Research, 10 (9), 2379–2389.
Thomas, J. L. (1995) Interface region in glass fibre-reinforced epoxy resin composites. 2. Water absorption, voids and the interface. Composites, 26 (7), 477–485.
Evans, T. (1997) High temperature optical fibre sensors. Final Year Project Dissertation, Department of Materials Engineering, Brunel University.
Levin, K. and Nilsson, S. (1996) Examination of reliability of fibre optic sensors embedded in carbon/epoxy composites. Proceedings SPIE–International Society for Optical Engineering, 2779 pp. 222–229.
Martin, A., Fernando, G. F. and Hale, K. (1997) Impact damage detection in filament wound tubes using embedded optical fibre sensors. Smart Materials and Structures, 6, 470–476.
Melle, S. M., Liu, K. and Measures, R. M. (1993) Practical fibre-optic grating strain gauge system. Applied Optics, 32 (19), 3601–3609.
Fernando, G. F., Liu, T., Crosby, P. A., Doyle, C., Martin, A., Brooks, D., Ralph, B. and Badcock, R. A. (1997) A multi-purpose optical fibre sensor design for fibre reinforced composite materials. Journal of Measurement Science and Technology, 8, 1065–1079.
Jensen, D. W., August, J. A. and Pascual, J. (1991) Compressive strength and stiffness reductions in graphite/bismaleimide laminates with embedded fibre-optic sensors. ADPA/AIAA/SPIE Conference on Active Materials and Adaptive Structures, November, Alexandria, VA. Editor G. J. Knowles, IOP, Bristol, pp. 129–134.
Mall, S., Dosedel, S. B. and Ho11, M. W. (1996) Performance of graphite—epoxy composites with embedded optical fibres under compression. Smart Materials and Structures, 5 (2), 209–215.
Badcock, R. A. (1998) Ph.D. Thesis, Brunel University.
Nightingale, C. (1996) Final Year Project, Materials Engineering, Brunel University.
DiFrancia, C., Ward, T. C. and Claus, R. O. (1996) Single-fibre pull-out test. 1. Review and interpretation. Composites. Part A. Applied Science and Manufacturing, 27 (8), 597–612.
Badcock, R. A. (1997) DERA Farnborough, SMART Structures Department, Guildford, Private communication.
Brooks, D. (1997) Sensors Research Group, Brunel University, unpublished results.
Cossins, S., Connell, M., Cross, B., Winter, R. and Kellar, J. (1996) In-situ near-IR cure monitoring of a model epoxy matrix composite. Applied Spectroscopy, 50 (7), 900–904.
Vrancken, K. C., Van Der Voort, P., Possemieers, K., Grobet, P. and Vansant, E. F. (1994) The physisorption and condensation of aminosilanes on silica gel in Chemical Modified Surfaces (eds J. J. Pesek and I. E. Leigh), Royal Society of Chemistry, London, pp. 46–57.
Talat, K. (1990) Smart skins and fibre-optic sensors application and issues. Proceedings SPIE Conference on Fibre Optic Smart Structures and Skins III, 1370, 103–114.
Morgan, R. E., Ehlers, S. L. and Jones, K. L. (1991) Composite embedded fibre optic data links and related material/connector issues. Proceedings SPIE Conference on Fibre Optic Smart Structures and Skins IV, 1588, 189–197.
Lu, Z. J. and Blaha, F. A. (1991) Application issues of fibre optic sensors in aircraft structures. Proceedings SPIE Conference on Fibre Optic Structures and Skins IV, 1588, 276–281.
Zabaronick, N., Sherrer, D. W., Claus, R. O., Murphy, K. A., Duncan, P. and Shinpaugh, K. (1996) Remote optical interrogation of embedded optical fibre sensors. Proceedings SPIE — International Society for Optical Engineering, 2718, 234–238.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fernando, G.F., Crosby, P.A., Liu, T. (1999). The application of optical fiber sensors in advanced fiber reinforced composites. Part 1: Introduction and issues. In: Grattan, K.T.V., Meggitt, B.T. (eds) Optical Fiber Sensor Technology. Optoelectronics, Imaging and Sensing Series, vol 3. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6077-4_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6077-4_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-4736-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-6077-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive