Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cellular and Molecular Requirements for B Lymphopoiesis

  • Chapter
Mechanisms of Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation II

  • 52 Accesses

Abstract

At certain levels, the subject of B lymphocyte differentiation is no longer a mystery. Molecular biological approaches have helped explain the generation of antibody diversity as well as the mechanisms of immunoglobulin gene regulation1. Nevertheless, some areas still remain fruitful for investigation. The bone marrow is the bursal equivalent in adult mammals. This is the site where B lymphocyte differentiation begins from a putatitive multipotent hemopoietic stem cell. With cells of at least eight different hematopoeitic lineages all confined within a calcified matrix, attempts to address the bone marrow as an organ system have been difficult at best. However, recent advances in methodology have provided an experimental system for in vitro modeling of the bone marrow microenvironment. This paper will focus on the recently characterized “stromal” cells which support B lymphopoiesis and their potential relevance to physiologic and pathologic processes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. P.W. Kincade, Experimental models for understanding B lymphocyte formation, Adv.Immunol 41: 181 (1987).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. S. Abramson, R.G. Miller and R.A. Phillips, The identification in adult bone marrow of pluripotent and restricted stem cells of the myeloid and lymphoid systems, J.Exo.Med 145: 1567 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. J.J. Trentin, Determination of bone marrow stem cell differentiation by stromal hemopoietic inductive microenvironments (HIM), Am.J.Pathol 65: 621 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. J.L. Curry and J.J. Trentin, Hemopoietic spleen colony studies. I. Growth and differentiation, Dev.Biol 15: 395 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. L. Weiss, Hematopoietic microenvironment of the bone marrow: An ultrastructural study of the stroma in rats, Anat.Rec 186: 161 (1976).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. L. Weiss and H. Sakai, The hematopoietic stroma, Am.J.Anat 170: 447 (1984).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. T.D. Allen and T.M. Dexter, Cellular interrelationships during in vitro granulopoiesis, Differentiation 6: 192 (1976).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. T.M. Dexter and L.G. Lajtha, Proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells in vitro, Br.J.Haematol 28: 525 (1974).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. T.M. Dexter, T.D. Allen and L.G. Lajtha, Conditions controlling the proliferation of haemopoietic stem cells in vitro, J.Cell Phvsiol 91: 335 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. C.A. Whitlock, D. Robertson and O.N. Witte, Murine B cell lymphopoiesis in long-term culture, J.Immunol.Methods 67: 353 (1984).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. C. Whitlock, K. Denis, D. Robertson and O. Witte, In vitro analysis of murine B-cell development, Ann.Rev.Immunol. 3:213 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. K. Dorshkind, In vitro differentiation of B lymphocytes from primitive hemopoietic precursors present in long-term bone marrow cultures, J.Immunol. 136:422 (1986).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. A. Johnson and K. Dorshkind, Stromal cells in myeloid and lymphoid long-term bone marrow cultures can support multiple hemopoietic lineages and modulate their production of hemopoietic growth factors, Blood 68: 1348 (1986).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. L.S. Collins and K. Dorshkind, A stromal cell line from myeloid long-term bone marrow cultures can support myelopoiesis and B lymphopoiesis, J.Immunol 138: 1082 (1987).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. P. Hunt, D. Robertson, D. Weiss, D. Rennick, F. Lee and O.N. Witte, A single bone marrow-derived stromal cell type supports the in vitro growth of early lymphoid and myeloid cells, Cell 48: 997 (1987).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. P.L. Witte, P.D. Burrows, P.W. Kincade and M.D. Cooper, Characterization of B lymphocyte lineage progenitor cells from mice with severe combined immune deficiency disease (SCID) made possible by long term culture, J.Immunol 138: 2698 (1987).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. S-I. Hayashi, P.L. Witte, L.D. Shultz and P.W. Kincade, Lymphohemopoiesis in culture is prevented by interaction with adherent bone marrow cells from mutant viable motheaten mice, J. Immunol (1988).(In Press)

    Google Scholar 

  18. S-I. Hayashi, P.L. Witte and P.W. Kincade, Studies of two genetically defective strains of mice in long term bone marrow culture, Fed.Proc 46: 1348 (1987). (Abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  19. G.K. Reid and D.G. Osmond, B lymphocyte production in the bone marrow of mice with X-linked immunodeficiency (xid), J.Immunol 135: 2299 (1985).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. P.L. Witte, P.W. Kincade and V. Vetvicka, Interculture variation and evolution of B lineage lymphocytes in long-term bone marrow culture, Eur. J. Immunol. 16: 779 (1986).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. P.L. Witte, M. Robinson, A. Henley, M.G. Low, D.L. Stiers, S. Perkins, R.A. Fleischman and P.W. Kincade, Relationships between B-lineage lymphocytes and stromal cells in long term bone marrow cultures, Eur.J.Immunol 17: 1473 (1987).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. C.A. Whitlock, G.F. Tidmarsh, C. Muller-Sieburg and I.L. Weissman, Bone marrow stromal cell lines with lymphopoietic activity express high levels of a pre-B neoplasia-associated molecule, Cell 48: 1009 (1987).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. P. Sideras and R. Palacios, Bone marrow pro-T and pro-B lymphocyte clones express functional receptors for interleukin (IL) 3 and IL 4/BSF-1 and nonfunctional receptors for IL 2, Eur.J.Immunol 17: 217 (1987).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. G. Lee, L.R. Ellingsworth, S. Gillis, R. Wall and P.W. Kincade, B transforming growth factors are potential regulators of B lymphopoiesis, L Exp. Med. 166: 1290 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. D. Rennick, G. Yang, C. Muller-Sieburg, C. Smith, N. Arai, Y. Takabe and L. Gemmell, Interleukin 4 (B-cell stimulatory factor 1) can enhance or antagonize the factor-dependent growth of hemopoietic progenitor cells, Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 84: 6889 (1987).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. T. Springer, G. Galfre, D.S. Secher and C. Milstein, Monoclonal xenogeneic antibodies to murine cell surface antigens: Identification of novel leukocyte differentiation antigens, Eur.J.Immunol 8: 539 (1978).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. T.A. Springer, Monoclonal antibody analysis of complex biological systems, J.Biol.Chem 256: 3833 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. H-T. He, J. Barbet, J-C. Chaix and C. Goridis, Phosphatidylinositol is involved in the membrane attachment of NCAM-120, the smallest component of the neural cell adhesion molecule, EMBO 5: 2489 (1986).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. M.G. Low, Biochemistry of the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol membrane protein anchors, Biochem.J 244: 1 (1987).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. M.G. Low and A.R. Saltiel, Structural and functional roles of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol in membranes, Science (1988).(In Press)

    Google Scholar 

  31. M.G. Low, J. Stiernberg, G.L. Waneck, R.A. Flavell and P.W. Kincade, Cell based heterogeneity in sensitivity of phosphatidylinositol linked membrane antigens to release by phospholipase C, (1988).( UnPub )

    Google Scholar 

  32. G.C. Owens, G.M. Edelman and B.A. Cunningham, Organization of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) gene: Alternative exon usage as the basis for different membrane-associated domains, Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 84: 294 (1987).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. G. Gennarini, M-R. Hirsch, H-T. He, M. Hirn, J. Finne and C. Goridis, Differential expression of mouse neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) mRNA species during brain development and in neural cell lines, J.Neuroscience 6: 1983 (1986).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. S.E. Moore, J. Thompson, V. Kirkness, J.G. Dickson and F.S. Walsh, Skeletal muscle neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM): Changes in protein and mRNA species during myogenesis of muscle cell lines, L Cell Biol. 105: 1377 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. G. Dickson, H.J. Gower, C.H. Barton, H.M. Prentice, V.L. Elsom, S.E. Moore, R.D. Cox, C. Quinn, W. Putt and F.S. Walsh, Human muscle neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM): Identification of a muscle-specific sequence in the extracellular domain, Cell 50: 1119 (1987).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. C. Goridis, M. Hirn, M-J. Santoni, G. Gennarini, H. Deagostini-Bazin, B.R. Jordan, M. Kiefer and M. Steinmetz, Isolation of mouse N-CAM-related cDNA: detection and cloning using monoclonal antibodies, EMBO 4: 631 (1985).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. B.A. Murray, J.J. Hemperly, E.A. Prediger, G.M. Edelman and B.A. Cunningham, Alternatively spliced mRNAs code for different polypeptide chains of the chicken neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), J. Cell Biol. 102: 189 (1986).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. P.S. Thomas, C.E. Pietrangeli, S-I. Hayashi, M. Schachner, C. Goridis, M.G. Low and P.W. Kincade, Demonstration of neural cell adhesion molecules on stromal cells which support lymphopoiesis, Leukemia (1988).(In Press)

    Google Scholar 

  39. B.A. Cunningham, J.J. Hemperly, B.A. Murray, E.A. Prediger, R. Brackenbury and G.M. Edelman, Neural cell adhesion molecule: structure, immunoglobulin-like domains, cell surface modulation, and alternative RNA splicing, Science 236: 799 (1987).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. L. Hood, M. Kronenberg and T. Hunkapiller, T cell antigen receptors and the immunoglobulin supergene family, Cell 40: 225 (1985).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. A.F. Williams, A year in the life of the immunoglobulin superfamily, Immunol. Today 8: 298 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. N. Hozumi and S. Tonegawa, Evidence for somatic rearrangement of immunoglobulin genes coding for variable and constant regions, Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 73: 3628 (1976).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. J.G. Seidman and P. Leder, The arrangement and rearrangement of antibody genes, Nature 276: 790 (1978).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. R. Grosschedl and D. Baltimore, Cell-type specificity of immunoglobulin gene expression is regulated by at least three DNA sequence elements, Cell 41: 885 (1985).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. L. Emorine, M. Kuehl, L. Weir, P. Leder and E.E. Max, A conserved sequence in the immunoglobulin JK-CK intron: possible enhancer element, Nature 304: 447 (1983).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. C. Queen and D. Baltimore, Immunoglobulin gene transcription is activated by downstream sequence elements, Cell 33: 741 (1983).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. C. Queen and J. Stafford, Fine mapping of an immunoglobulin gene activator, Mol. Cell. Biol. 4: 1042 (1984).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. K. Hirayosh, S-I. Nishikawa, T. Kina, M. Hatanaka, S. Habu, T. Nomura and Y. Katsura, Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene diversification in the long-term bone marrow culture of normal mice and mice with severe combined immunodeficiency, Eur.J.Immunol 17: 1051 (1987).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. W.F. Anderson, Prospects for human gene therapy, Science 226: 401 (1984).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA

    Jeffrey M. Gimble, Shin-Ichi Hayashi, Carolynn E. Pietrangeli, Grace Lee & Paul W. Kincade

Authors
  1. Jeffrey M. Gimble
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shin-Ichi Hayashi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Carolynn E. Pietrangeli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Grace Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Paul W. Kincade
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Irvine, 92717, Irvine, California, USA

    Sudhir Gupta

  2. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

    William E. Paul

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gimble, J.M., Hayashi, SI., Pietrangeli, C.E., Lee, G., Kincade, P.W. (1989). Cellular and Molecular Requirements for B Lymphopoiesis. In: Gupta, S., Paul, W.E. (eds) Mechanisms of Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation II. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5803-0_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5803-0_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-5805-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-5803-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation