Abstract
The Turing test has always been conceived of as a test of the content of a computer’s contribution to a conversation. That is, from typed output, we are supposed to try to tell whether text was generated by a human or a computer. Recent advances in speech technology have led us to conceive of a Turing test taken over the phone. What about a face-to-face Turing test? What kinds of behaviors would a computer have to exhibit to convince us that it was not a grey box but a living, breathing body? We are perhaps not ready today for such a competition, but7 we may be one day. This paper attempts to move the field of human-computer conversation in that direction—in the direction of embodied dialogue with computers. In other work (Cassell et al., 1994; Cassell and Thórisson, in press), we have concentrated on hand gestures, intonation, head movement, and gaze. The current work revisits the question of gaze and attempts to reconcile two competing approaches to the general question of generating nonverbal behaviors.
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Cassell, J., Torres, O.E., Prevost, S. (1999). Turn Taking versus Discourse Structure. In: Wilks, Y. (eds) Machine Conversations. The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, vol 511. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5687-6_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5687-6_12
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