Abstract
Crystals are like people: it is the defects in them which tend to make them interesting! This chapter describes the use of STEM imaging for the structural characterization of crystalline materials, perfect and imperfect. The object of the chapter is to describe basic principles as clearly as possible, using a minimum of mathematics.
On leave from Department of Metallurgy and Science of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, England.
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References
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Classic References
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Pogany and Turner (1968) uses reciprocity to deduce a large amount of information concerning CTEM images. It is not an easy paper to read but it demonstrates the power of the reciprocity principle and it repays careful study. COWLEY (1969) is a short definitive letter relating STEM to CTEM by reciprocity. COWLEY (1976) examines the question of reciprocity for finite sources and detectors, coherent and incoherent.
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Spence, J. C. H. and Cowley, J. M., 1978, Optik, 50, 129. The theory of producing lattice fringe images in STEM.
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Humphreys, C.J. (1979). Stem Imaging of Crystals and Defects. In: Hren, J.J., Goldstein, J.I., Joy, D.C. (eds) Introduction to Analytical Electron Microscopy. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5581-7_11
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