Abstract
Few accomplishments are more critical for life in modern society than acquiring literacy: the capacity to use language to think and to solve problems in social settings. Handling print—reading and writing—is an important facet of literacy, but this capability is ancillary to the broader achievement of a formal linguistic register, the conventions and strategies governing discourse in traditional situations (de Castell, Luke, & Egan, 1986; Tuman, 1987; Freedman & Calfee, 1984). By this definition, literacy and its precursors are found in all cultures and societies, past and present.
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Calfee, R.C., Curley, R.G. (1995). Intellective and Personality Factors in Literacy. In: Saklofske, D.H., Zeidner, M. (eds) International Handbook of Personality and Intelligence. Perspectives on Individual Differences. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5571-8_8
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