Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

International Handbook of Personality and Intelligence pp 299–319Cite as

Personality Trait Correlates of Intelligence

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Perspectives on Individual Differences ((PIDF))

Abstract

For more than half a century now, psychologists have explored the avenues linking human intelligence to a wide array of personality traits. Psychologists have longed to unravel the theoretical and practical interface between personality and intelligence, hoping to shed light on how these two key constructs affect one another (and other variables) in the course of development, day-to-day behavior, and adaptive functioning. Indeed, personality and intelligence are linked by virtue of being key sources of individual differences in behavior, and would seem to share many parameters in common and various conceptual links between these concepts do appear in the literature, as discussed in Chapter 1 of this handbook (see also H. J. Eysenck & Eysenck, 1985). Although some of the most influential figures in the field of intelligence and personality allude repeatedly to the inextricable web or nexus of interrelations among these two constructs (see Chapter 13), researchers have traditionally treated them as relatively independent factors in their analyses.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adorno, T. W., Frenkel-Brunswick, E., Levinson, D. J., Sanford, R. N. (1950). The authoritarian personality. New York: Harper Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alpert, R., Haber, R. N. (1960). Anxiety in academic achievement situations. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 61, 207–215.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anthony, W. S. (1973). The development of extraversion, of ability, and of the relation between them. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 43, 223–227.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Argyle, M. (1961). Religious behavior. Chicago: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Argyle, M., Beit-Hallahmi, B. (1975). The social psychology of religion. London: Routledge Kegan Paul.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson, J. W. (1964). An introduction to motivation. Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand.

    Google Scholar 

  • Averill, J. R. (1982). Anger and aggression: An essay on emotion. New York: Springer-Verlag.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ball, S. A., Zuckerman, M. (1992). Sensation seeking and selective attention: Focused and divided attention on a dichotic listening task. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 825–831.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1993). Perceived self-efficacy in cognitive development and functioning. Educational Psychologist, 28, 117–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baron, J. (1982). Personality and intelligence. In R. Sternberg (Ed.). Handbook of human intelligence (pp. 308–351 ). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barron, F. (1953). Some test correlates of response to psycho- therapy. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 17, 235–241.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barron, F., Harrington, D. M. (1981). Creativity, intelligence, and personality. Annual Review of Psychology, 32, 439–476.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berg, C., Sternberg, R. (1985). Response to novelty: Continuity vs. discontinuity in the development course of intelligence. In H. W. Reese (Ed.), Advances in child development and behavior (Vol. 19. pp. 1–47 ). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blankenstein, K. R., Flett, G. L., Watson, M. S., Koledin, S. (1990). Test anxiety, self-evaluative worry, and sleep disturbance in college students. Anxiety Research, 3, 193–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brody, N. (1988). Personality: In search of individuality. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, R. (1965). Social psychology. Toronto: Collier-Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Byrne, D. (1974). An introduction to personality research: Theory and applications ( 2nd ed. ). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carver, C. E, Scheier, M. F. (1989). Expectancies and coping: From test anxiety to pessimism. In R. Schwarzer, H. M. Van der Pleog, C. D. Spielberger (Eds.), Advances in test anxiety research (Vol. 6, pp. 3–11 ). Lisse, Netherlands: Swets Zeitlinger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cattell, R. B. (1971). Abilities: Their structure, growth and action. New York: Houghton Mifflin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christie, R. (1954). Authoritarianism re-examined. In R. Christie M. Jahoda (Eds.), Studies in the scope and method of “The Authoritarian Personality.” New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, J. C., Butcher, J. N., Carson, R. C. (1984). Abnormal psychology ( 7th ed. ). Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, J. S., Coleman, J. S., Campbell, E. Q., Hobson, C. J., McPartland, J., Mood, A. M., Weinfeld, F. D., York, R. L. (1966). Equality of educational opportunity. Washington, DC: Department of Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crookes, T. G., Pearson, P. R., Francis, L. J., Carter, M. (1981). Extraversion and performance on Raven’s Progressive Matrices in 15–16-year-old children. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 51, 109–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crowne, D. P. (1979). The experimental study of personality. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darlington, R. B. (1990). Regression and linear models. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deffenbacher, J. (1980). Worry and emotionality in test anxiety. In I. Sarason (Ed.), Test anxiety: Theory, research and applications (pp. 111–128 ). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, R. G., Forbach, G. B. (1982). Intellectual ability correlates of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 46 59–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eysenck, H. J. (1967a). The biological basis of personality. Springfield, IL: Thomas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eysenck, H. J. (1967b). Intelligence assessment: A theoretical and experimental approach. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 37, 81–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eysenck, H. J. (1971). Relation between intelligence and personality. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 32, 637–638.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eysenck, H. J., Cookson, D. (1969). Personality in primary school children-ability and achievement. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 39, 109-130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eysenck, H. J., Eysenck, M. W. (1985). Personality and individual differences. New York: Plenum.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Eysenck, M. W. (1982). Attention and arousal: Cognition and performance. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, G. (1967). The performance of male prisoners on the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale: II. Differences as a function of race and crime. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 23, 473–475.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gaudry, E., Spielberger, C. D. (1971). Anxiety and educational achievement. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Getzels, J. W., Jackson, P. W. (1962). Creativity and intelligence. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glover, J. A., Ronning, R. R., Reynolds, C. P. (Eds.). (1989). Handbook of creativity. New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guilford, J. P. (1959). Three faces of intellect. American Psychologist, 14, 469–479.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guilford, J. P. (1967). The nature of human intelligence. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haan, N. (1963). Proposed model of ego functioning: Coping and defense mechanisms in relationship to IQ change. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 77, 3–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hakstian, A. R., Cattell, R. B. (1978). An examination of inter-domain relationships among some ability and personality traits. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 38, 275–290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamlin, R. M. (1963). The stability of intellectual functioning in chronic schizophrenia. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 136, 360–364.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heckhausen, H. (1967). The anatomy of achievement motivation. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heffner, P. A., Strauss, M. E., Grisell, J. (1975). Rehospitalization of schizophrenics as a function of intelligence. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 84, 735–736.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hembree, R. (1988). Correlates, causes, effects and treatment of test anxiety. Review of Educational Research, 58, 47–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, R. B., Wilson, S. E. (1991). Intelligence and curiosity in preschool children. Journal of School Psychology, 29, 167–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hiler, E. W. (1958). Wechsler-Bellvue intelligence as a predictor of continuation in psychotherapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 14, 192–194.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hope, D. A., Heimberg, R. G. (1990). Dating anxiety. In H. Leitenberg (Ed.), Handbook of social and evaluative anxiety (pp. 217–246 ). New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huesmann, L. R., Eron, 1. D., Yarmel, P. W. (1987). Intellectual functioning and aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 218–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jahoda, G. (1971). The psychology of superstition. Middlesex, England: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, A. R. (1964). Individual differences in learning: Interference factors. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Co-op project no. 1867.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, W. H., Russel, D. W., Nickel, T. (1977). Belief in the Paranormal Scale: An objective instrument to measure belief in magical phenomena and causes. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 7, 100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kagan, J., Sontag, L. W., Nelson, V. L. (1958). Personality and IQ change. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 56, 261–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Killen, P., Wildman, R. W. (1974). Superstitiousness and intelligence. Psychological Reports, 34, 1158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kipnis, D. (1971). Character structure and impulsiveness. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Emotion and adaptation. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R. S., Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liebert, R. M., Morris, L. W. (1967). Cognitive and emotional components of test anxiety: A distinction and some initial data. Psychological Reports, 20, 975–978.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd, J. (1984). Intrinsic intellectuality: Its relation to social class, intelligence, and achievement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 646–654.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lynn, R., Hampson, S. L., Magee, M. (1982). Determinants of educational achievement at 16+: Intelligence, personality, home background and school. Personality and Individual Differences, 4, 473–481.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matarazzo, J. D. (1972). Wechsler’s measurement and appraisal of adult intelligence ( 5th ed. ). Baltimore, MD: Williams Wilkins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maroyama, G., Rubin, R. A., Kingsbury, G. G.. (1981). Self-esteem and educational achievement: Independent constructs with a common cause. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 962–975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, J. D., Caruso, D. R., Zigler, E., Dreyden, J. I. (1989). Intelligence and intelligence related traits. Intelligence, 13, 119–133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCrae, R. R. (1987). Creativity, divergent thinking, and openness to experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 1258–1265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Minkowitch, A., Davis, D., Bashi, Y. (1982). Success and failure in Israeli elementary education. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mischel, W., Metzner, R. (1962). Preference for delayed reward as a function of age, intelligence, and length of delay interval. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 64, 425–436.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mueller, J. H. (1980). Test anxiety and the encoding and retrieval of information. In I. Sarason (Ed.), Test anxiety: Theory, research and applications (pp. 63–86 ). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholls, J. G. (1972). Creativity in the person who will never produce anything original and useful: The concept of creativity as a normally distributed trait. American Psychologist, 27, 717–727.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Payne, R. (1991). Individual differences in cognition and the stress process. In C. L. Cooper R. Payne (Ed.), Personality and stress: Individual differences in the stress process. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Payne, R. W. (1973). Cognitive abnormalities. In H. J. Eysenck (Ed.), Handbook of abnormal psychology (pp. 420–483). San Diego: R. R. Knapp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Purkey, W. W. (1970). Self-concept and school achievement. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Revelle, W., Amaral, P., Turriff, S. (1976). Introversion/ extraversion, time stress, and caffeine: Effects on verbal test performance. Science, 192, 149–150.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Revelle, W., Humphreys, M. S., Simon, L., Gilliland, K. (1980). The interactive effects of personality, time of day, and caffeine: A test of the arousal model. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 109, 1–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes, A. C., Nam, C. B. (1970). The religious context of educational expectations. American Sociological Review, 35, 253–267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, D. L. (1985). How personality relates to intelligence test performance: Implications for a theory of intelligence, ageing research, and personality assessment. Personality and Individual Differences, 6, 203–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, D. L. (1986). The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and personality assessment: Towards a biologically based theory of intelligence and cognition. Personality and Individual Differences, 7, 153–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal vs. external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80 (Whole No. 609).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M., Lockyer, L. (1967). A five-fifteen year follow up study of infantile psychosis-I. Description of sample. British Journal of Psychiatry, 113, 1169–1182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saklofske, D. H., Kostura, D. D. (1990). Extraversionintraversion and intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 11, 547–551.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Samuel, W. (1980). Mood and personality correlates of IQ by race and sex of subject. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 993–1004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarason, I. G. (1975). Test anxiety, attention, and the general problem of anxiety. In C. D. Spielberger I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Stress and anxiety (Vol. 1, pp. 165–210 ). New York: Hemisphere/Halstead.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarason, I. G. (Ed.). (1980). Test anxiety: Theory, research and applications. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarason, I. G., Sarason, B. R. (1990). Test anxiety. In H. Leitenberg (Ed.), Handbook of social and evaluative anxiety (pp. 475–496 ). New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sattler, J. M. (1988). Assessment of children ( 3rd ed. ). San Diego: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartzman, A. E., Douglas, V. I. (1962). Intellectual loss in schizophrenics. Part I. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 16, 1–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seipp, B. (1991). Anxiety and academic performance: A meta-analysis of findings. Anxiety Research, 4, 27–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Siegman, A. W. (1956). The effect of manifest anxiety on a concept formation task, a nondirected learning task, and on timed and untimed intelligence tests. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 20, 176–178.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seligman, M. E. P. (1975). Helplessness. San Francisco: Freeman. Simon, W. E., Simon, M. G. (1975). Self-esteem, intelligence, and standardized academic achievement. Psychology in the Schools, 12, 97–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spielberger, C. D. (1972). Conceptual and methodological issues in anxiety research. In C. D. Spielberger (Ed.), Anxiety (Vol. 2, pp. 482–493 ). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spielberger, C. D., Gonzales, H. P., Taylor, C. J., Algaze, B. Anton, W. D. (1978). Examination stress and test anxiety. In C. D. Spielberger I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Stress and anxiety (Vol. 5, pp. 167–191). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spielberger, C. D., Jacobs, G., Russell, S., Crane, R. (1983). Assessment of anger: the State-Trait Anger Scale. In J. N. Butcher C. D. Spielberger (Eds.), Advances in personality assessment. Hilsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spielberger, C. D., Johnson, E. H., Russell, S. F., Crane, R. J., Jacobs, G. A., Worden, T. J. (1985). The experience and expression of anger: Construction and validation of an anger expression scale. In M. A. Chesney R. H. Rosenman (Eds.), Anger and hostility in cardiovascular and behavioral disorders. New York: Hemisphere/McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spielberger, C. D., Katzenmeyer, W. C. (1959). Manifest anxiety, intelligence, and college grades. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 23, 278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Symington, T. A. (1935). Religious liberals and conservatives. New York: Columbia University Teachers College.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tobias, S. (1986). Anxiety and cognitive processing of instruction. In R. Schwarzer (Ed.), Self related cognitions in anxiety and motivation (pp. 247–263 ). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, R. C., Michel, J. B. (1972). Measuring authoritarianism: A comparison of the F and D scales. Journal of Personality, 40, 180–190.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Veroff, J. McClelland, L., Marquis, K. (1971). Measuring intelligence and achievement motivation in surveys. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallach, M. (1985). Creativity testing and giftedness. In F. Horowitz M. O’Brien (Eds.), The gifted and talented: Developmental perspectives. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallach, M. A., Kogan, N. (1965). A new look at the creativity-intelligence distinction. Journal of Personality, 33, 348–369.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, C. G., Herder, J., Kucala, T., Hoodecheck-Schow, E. (1987). Intellectual deterioration and personality decompensation in schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43, 447–455.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wechsler, D. (1944). The measurement of adult intelligence ( 3rd ed. ). Baltimore, MD: Williams Wilkins.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Weiner, B. (1973). Theories of motivation. Chicago: Rand McNally.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, G. (1977). Introversion/extraversion. In T. Blass (Ed.), Personality variables in social behavior (pp. 179–218 ). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yerkes, R. M., Dodson, J. D. (1908). The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit-formation. Journal of Comparative and Neurological Psychology, 18, 459–482.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeidner, M. (1990). Some demographic and health correlates of trait anger in Israeli adults. Journal of Research in Personality, 24, 1–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeidner, M., Beit-Hallahmi, B. (1988). Sex, ethnic and social class differences in para-religious beliefs among Israeli adolescents. Journal of Social Psychology, 128, 333–343.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zeidner, M., Klingman, A., Papko, O. (1988). Enhancing students’ test coping skills: Report of a psychological health education program. Journal of Educational Psychology, 80, 95–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeidner, M., Nevo, B. (1992). Test anxiety in examinees in a college admission testing situation: Incidence, dimensionality, and cognitive correlates. In K. Hagtvet (Ed.), Advances in test anxiety research (Vol. 7, pp. 288–303 ). Lisse, Netherlands: Swets Zeitliner.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zuckerman, M. (1979). Sensation seeking: Beyond the optimal level of arousal. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zusne, L., Jones, W. H. (1982). Anomalistic psychology: A study of extraordinary phenomena, of behavior, and experience. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Education, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, 31905, Israel

    Moshe Zeidner

Authors
  1. Moshe Zeidner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Educational Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, S7N 0W0, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

    Donald H. Saklofske

  2. School of Education, University of Haifa, 31999, Mount Carmel, Israel

    Moshe Zeidner

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Zeidner, M. (1995). Personality Trait Correlates of Intelligence. In: Saklofske, D.H., Zeidner, M. (eds) International Handbook of Personality and Intelligence. Perspectives on Individual Differences. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5571-8_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5571-8_15

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-3239-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-5571-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation