Abstract
Severe acute pancreatitis is characterized by multiple-system organ failure (MOF) that emerges early after onset of disease, and local complications, in particular pancreatic infection, that usually supervene later in the course of the attack.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Beger HG, Bittner R, Block S, Büchler M (1986) Bacterial contamination of pancreatic necrosis. A prospective clinical study. Gastroenterology 91: 433–438
Rinderknecht H (1988) Fatal pancreatitis, a consequence of excessive leukocyte stimulation? Int J Pancreatol 3: 105–112
Büchler M, Malfertheiner P, Uhl W, et al (1993) Gabexate mesilate in human acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 104: 1165–1170
Norman J, Fink G, Denham W, et al (1997) Tissue specific cytokine production during experimental acute pancreatitis: a probable mechanism for distant organ dysfunction. Dig Dis Sci 42: 1783–1788
Fink GW, Norman J (1996) Intrapancreatic interleukin 1 gene expression by specific leukocyte populations during acute pancreatitis. J Surg Res 63: 369–373
Grewal HP, Kotb M, Mohey El din A, et al (1994) Induction of tumor necrosis factor in severe acute pancreatitis and its subsequent reduction after hepatic passage. Surgery 115: 213–221
Werner J, Dragotakes S, Fernandez-del Castillo C, et al (1998) Technetium-99m-labeled white blood cells: a new method to define the local and systemic role of leukocytes in acute experimental pancreatitis. Ann Surg 227: 86–94
Gukovskaya AS, Gukovsky I, Zaninovic V, Song M, Sandoval D, Gukovsky S (1997) Pancreatic acinar cells produce, release and respond to tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Role in regulating cell death and pancreatitis. J Clin Invest 100: 1853–1862
Yang B, Demaine A, Kingsnorth A (2000) Chemokines MCP-1 and RANTES in isolated rat pancreatic acinar cells treated with CCK and ethanol in vitro. Pancreas 21: 22–31
Sandoval D, Gukovskaya A, Reavey P, et al (1996) The role of neutrophils and platelet-activating factor in mediating experimental pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 111: 1081–1091
Telek G, Ducroc R, Scoazec J-Y, Pasquier C, Feldmann G, Rozé C (2001) Differential up-regulation of cellular adhesion molecules at the sites of oxidative stress in experimental acute pancreatitis. J Surg Res 96: 56–67
Osman MO, Kristensen JU, Jacobsen N, et al (1998) A monoclonal anti-interleukin 8 antibody (WS-4) inhibits cytokine response and acute lung injury in experimental severe acute necrotising pancreatitis in rabbits. Gut 43: 232–239
Denham W, Yang J, Fink G, et al (1998) TNF but not IL-I decreases pancreatic acinar cell survival without affecting exocrine function; a study in the perfused human pancreas. J Surg Res 74: 3–7
Malaka D, Vasseur S, Bödeker H, et al (2000) Tumor necrosis factor alpha triggers antiapoptotic mechanisms in rat pancreatic cells trough pancreatitis=associated protein I activation. Gastroenterology 119: 816–828
Bathia M, Wallig MA, Hofbauer B, et al (1998) Induction of apoptosis in pancreatic acinar cells reduces the severity of acute pancreatitis. Biochem Biophys Res Corn 19: 476–483
Eubanks JW, Sabek 0, Kotb M, et al (1998) Acute pancreatitis induces cytokine production in endotoxin-resistant mice. Ann Surg 227: 904–911
Gukovsky I, Gukovskaya A, Blinman T, Zaninovic V, Pandol S (1998) Early NF-KB activation is associated with hormone-induced pancreatitis. Am J Physiol 275: G1402–G1414
Tsai K, Wang SS, Chen TS, et al (1998) Oxidative stress: an important phenomenon with pathogenetic significance in the progression of acute pancreatitis. Gut 42: 850–855
Lundberg A, Eubanks J, Henry J, et al (2000) Trypsin stimulates production of cytokines from peritoneal macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Pancreas 21: 41–51
Jaffray C, Mendez C, Denham W, Carter G, Norman J (2000) Specific pancreatic enzymes activate macrophages to produce tumor necrosis factor-alpha: role of nuclear factor Kappa B and inhibitory Kappa B proteins. J Gastrointest Surg 4: 370–378
Jaffray C, Yang J, Norman J (2000) Elastase mimics pancreatitis-induced hepatic injury via inflammatory mediators. J Surg Res 90: 95–101
Jaffray C, Yang J, Carter G, Mendez C, Norman J (2000) Pancreatic elastase activates pulmonary nuclear factor kappa B and inhibitory kappa B, mimicking pancreatitis-associated adult respiratory distress syndrome. Surgery 128: 225–231
Denham W, Yang J, Norman J (1997) Evidence for an unknown component of pancreatic ascites that induces adult respiratory distress syndrome through an interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-dependent mechanism. Surgery 122: 295–302
Gloor B, Blinman T, Rigberg D, et al (2000) Kupffer cell blockade reduces hepatic and systemic cytokine levels and lung injury in hemorrhagic pancreatitis in rats. Pancreas 21: 414420
Norman J, Fink G, Messina J, Carter G, Franz M (1996) Timing of tumor necrosis factor antagonism is critical in determining outcome in murine lethal acute pancreatitis. Surgery 120: 515–521
Guice KS, Oldham KT, Rezmick DG, Kunkel SL, Ward PA (1991) Anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody augments edema formation in caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. J Surg Res 51: 495–499
Denham W, Yang J, Fink G, et al (1997) Gene targeting demonstrates additive detrimental effects of interleukin I and tumor necrosis factor during pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 113: 1741–1746
Hughes CB, El-Din A, Kotb M, Gaber L, Gaber A (1996) Calcium channel blockade inhibits release of TNF alpha and improves survival in a rat model of acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 13: 22–28
Yang J, Denham W, Tracey K, et al (1998) The physiologic consequences of macrophage pacification during severe acute pancreatitis. Shock 10: 169–175
Demols A, Van Laethem J-L, Quertinmont E, et al (1998) N-Acetylcysteine decreases severity of acute pancreatitis in mice. Pancreas 20: 161–169
Imrie CW (1999) The possible role of platelet-activating factor antagonist therapy in the management of severe acute pancreatitis. Bailliere’s Clin Gastroenterol 13: 357–364
Gerard C, Frossard J-L, Bhatia M, et al (1997) Targeted disruption of the B-chemokine receptor CCRI protects against pancreatitis-associated lung injury. J Clin Invest 100: 20222027
Frossard JL, Saluja A, Bhagat L, et al (1999) The role of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and neutrophils in acute pancreatitis and pancreatitis-associated lung injury. Gastroenterology 116: 694–701
de Beaux AC, Goldie AS, Ross JA, Carter DC, Fearon KC (1996) Serum concentrations of inflammatory mediators related to organ failure in patients with acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 83: 349–353
Gross V, Andreesen R, Leser HG, et al (1992) Interleukin-8 and neutrophil activation in acute pancreatitis. Eur J Clin Invest 22: 200–203
Hietaranta A, Kemppainen E, Puolakkainen P, et al (1999) Extracellular phospholipases A2 in relation to systemic inflammatory response syndrome ( SIRS) and systemic complications in severe acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 18: 385–391
Schölmerich J, Schümichen C, Lausen M, et al (1991) Scintigraphic assessment of leukocyte infiltration in acute pancreatitis using technetium-99m-hexamethyl propylene amine oxine as leukocyte label. Dig Dis Sci 36: 65–71
Hynninen M, Valtonen M, Markkanen H, et al (1999) Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist and E-selectin concentrations: a comparison in patients with severe acute pancreatitis and severe sepsis. J Crit Care 14: 63–68
Kaufmann P, Smolle K, Brunner G, Demel U, Tilz G, Krejs G (1999) Relation of serial measurements of plasma-soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 to severity of acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 94: 2412–2416
de Beaux AC, Ross JA, Maingay JP, Fearon KC, Carter DC (1996) Proinflammatory cytokine release by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 83: 1071–1075
Brivet F, Emilie D, Galanaud P, et al (1999). Pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines during acute severe pancreatitis: an early and sustained response, although unpredictable of death. Crit Care Med 27: 749–755
Messmann H, Vogt W, Falk W, et al (1998) Interleukins and their antagonists but not TNF and its receptors are released in post-ERP pancreatitis. Europ J Gastroent Hepatol 10: 611617
McKay CJ, Gallagher G, Brooks B, Imrie CW, Baxter JN (1996) Increased monocyte cytokine production in association with systemic complications in acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 83: 919–923
Montravers P, Chollet-Martin S, Marmuse JP, Gougerot-Picidalo MA, Desmonts JM (1995) Lymphatic release of cytokines during acute lung injury complicating severe pancreatitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 152: 1527–1533
Mayer J, Rau B, Gansauger F, Beger H (2000) Inflammatory mediators in human acute pancreatitis; clinical and pathophysiological implications. Gut 47: 546–552
Kaufmann P, Tilz G, Lueger A, Demel U (1997) Elevated plasma levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNFRp60) reflect severity of acute pancreatitis. Intensive Care Med 23: 841–848
Devière J, Le Moine 0, Van Laethem J-L, et al (2001) Interleukin 10 reduces the incidence of pancreatitis after therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Gastroenterology 120: 498–505
Johnson C, Kingsnorth A, Imrie C, et al (2001) Double blind, randomised, placebo controlled study of a platelet activating factor antagonist, lexipafant, in the treatment and prevention of organ failure in predicted severe acute pancreatitis. Gut 48: 62–69
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Dugernier, T., Reynaert, M.S., Laterre, P.F. (2002). Immunomodulatory Treatment of Severe Acute Pancreatitis. In: Vincent, JL. (eds) Intensive Care Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5551-0_70
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5551-0_70
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-5553-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-5551-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive