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Management of Circulatory and Respiratory Failure Using Less Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring

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Intensive Care Medicine

Abstract

In patients instrumented with a central venous line and a thermodilution arterial catheter, the transpulmonary thermodilution technique — currently available on the “PiCCOplus” monitor (Pulsion Medical Systems, Munich, Germany) and on the “CCO” cardiac output module of Philips Medical Systems — allows the simultaneous assessment of valuable cardiovascular and dynamic heart-lung-interaction parameters. After central venous injection of an ice-cold or room-tempered saline bolus, a thermistor in the tip of the arterial catheter is used to measure the downstream temperature changes. The cardiac output is then calculated by the analysis of the thermodilution curve using a modified Stewart-Hamilton algorithm. The monitor also calculates the mean transit time and the exponential downslope time of the transpulmonary thermodilution curve. The product of cardiac output and mean transit time is the volume of distribution of the thermal indicator [1]. This volume of distribution, the so-called ‘intrathoracic thermal volume’, is made up of the intrathoracic blood volume (ITBV) and the extravascular lung water (EVLW) (Fig. 1). The product of cardiac output and exponential downslope time is the ‘pulmonary thermal volume’ [2], which is composed of the pulmonary blood volume and the EVLW (Fig. 1). Therefore, the volume of blood contained in the four heart chambers — called the global end-diastolic volume (GEDV) — is easily obtained as the difference between the intrathoracic thermal volume and the pulmonary thermal volume [3, 4] (Fig. 1). The ITBV has been shown to be quite consistently 25% greater than the GEDV [4]. Therefore, the ITBV is estimated as 1.25×GEDV and the EVLW as the difference between the intrathoracic thermal volume and the ITBV [4] (Fig. 1).

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  1. F. Michard
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  2. A. Perel
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium

    Jean-Louis Vincent MD, PhD, FCCM, FCCP (Head) (Head)

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Michard, F., Perel, A. (2003). Management of Circulatory and Respiratory Failure Using Less Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring. In: Vincent, JL. (eds) Intensive Care Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5548-0_48

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5548-0_48

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