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Phase Transfer Extraction of Lead and Cadmium

  • Chapter
Extraction of Metals from Soils and Waters

Part of the book series: Modern Inorganic Chemistry ((MICE))

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Abstract

The metals lead and cadmium have played important roles in the economic development of nations because of their widespread industrial applications. A problem with their use, however, is their toxicity. The combination of these two features means that over the past 100 years considerable amounts of these metals have been dispersed throughout soils and waters. Now there is an urgent need for them to be removed and recovered, both for safety reasons and for economic reasons so that they can be further used under more controlled conditions. Lead and cadmium have been introduced into the environment from a variety of sources. Cadmium is present in metal coatings and batteries, and lead has found widespread use in both automobile and housing applications. These metals can be present in waste sites as complexed divalent ions, or as complexed methylated derivatives. The simple metal ions in soils are occluded or bound into the clay structures. The methylated derivatives, although soluble in water, are more hydrophobic, and therefore their solubility in organic solvents is higher.

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    D. Max Roundhill

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Roundhill, D.M. (2001). Phase Transfer Extraction of Lead and Cadmium. In: Extraction of Metals from Soils and Waters. Modern Inorganic Chemistry. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5204-5_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5204-5_7

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