Abstract
Scan chains are a popular feature in complex ICs. The inherent test complexity of a scan chain is linear with respect to the number of flip-flops it contains. In this chapter, a DFT strategy is outlined such that a scan chain can be tested with very few test vectors by making the chain transparent in the test mode. Such a strategy improves the defect coverage of the IDDQ test for flip-flops. For ICs without scan chains, robust flip-flops are proposed that are inherently IDDQ testable.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
K. Baker, A. Bratt, A. Richardson, and A. Welbers, “Development of a CLASS 1 QTAG Monitor,” Proceedings of International Test Conference, 1994, pp. 213–222.
D. Bhaysar, “A New Economical Implementation for Scannable Flip-Flops in MOS,” IEEE Design & Test, vol. 3, pp. 52–56, June 1986.
P.S. Bottorhof, R.E. France, N.H. Garges, E.J. Orosz, “Test Generation for Large Logic Networks,” Proceedings of 14th Design Automation Conference, 1977, pp. 479–485.
H. J. Chao, and C. A. Johnston, “Behavior Analysis of CMOS D Flip-flops,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 1454–1458, October 1989.
E.B. Eichelberger and T.W. Williams, “A Logic Design Structure for LSI Testability,” Journal of Design Automation and Fault Tolerant Computing, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 165–178, May 1978.
F.J. Ferguson and J.P. Shen, “Extraction and Simulation of Realistic CMOS Faults using Inductive Fault Analysis,” Proceedings International Test Conference, 1988, pp. 475–484.
F.J. Ferguson and J.P. Shen, “A CMOS fault extractor for inductive fault analysis,” IEEE Transaction on Computer-Aided Design, vol. 7, pp. 1182–1194, November 1988.
S. Funatsu, N. Wakatsuki and T. Arima, “Test Generation Systems in Japan,” Proceedings of 12th Design Automation Conference, 1975, pp. 114–122.
J. U. Horstmann, H. W. Eichel and R. L. Coates, “Metastability Behavior of CMOS ASIC Flip-Flops in Theory and Test,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 146–157, February 1989.
L.S. Kim, and R. W. Dutton, “Metastability of CMOS Latch/Flip-Flop,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 942–951, August 1980.
K.J. Lee and M.A. Breuer, “Design and Test Rules for CMOS Circuits to Facilitate IDDQ Testing of Bridging Faults,” IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 659–669, May 1992.
W. Maly, and M. Patyra, “Design of ICs Applying Built-in Current Testing,” Journal of Electronic Testing: Theory and applications, vol. 3, pp. 397–406, November 1992.
M.R. Mercer, and V.D. Agrawal, “A Novel Clocking Technique for VLSI Circuits Testability,” IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 207–212, April 1984.
C. Metra, M. Favalli, P. Olivo, and B. Ricco, “Testing of Resistive Bridging Faults in CMOS Flip-Flop,” Proceedings of European Test Conference, 1993, pp. 530–531.
R. Perry, “IDDQ testing in CMOS digital ASICs,” Journal of Electronic Testing: Theory and applications, vol. 3, pp. 317–325, November 1992.
R. Rodriguez-Montanes, J. Figueras and R. Rubio, “Current vs. Logic Testability of Bridges in Scan Chains,” Proceedings of European Test Conference, 1993, pp. 392–396.
R. Rodriguez-Montanes, E.M.J.G. Bruts and J. Figueras, “Bridging Defects Resistance Measurements in CMOS Process,” Proceeding of International Test Conference, 1992, pp. 892–899.
R. Rodriguez-Montanes and J. Figueras, “Analysis of Bridging Defects in Sequential CMOS Circuits and Their Current Testability,” Proceedings of European Design and Test conference, 1994. pp. 356–360.
M. Sachdev, “Transforming Sequential Logic for Voltage and IDDQ Testing,” Proceedings of European Design and Test Conference, 1994, pp. 361–365.
M. Sachdev, “Testting Defects in Scan Chains”, IEEE Design & Test of Computers, vol. 12, pp. 45–51, December 1995.
M. Sachdev, “IDDQ and Voltage Testable CMOS Flip-flop Configurations,” Proceedings of International Test Conference, 1995, pp. 534–543.
P. Singer, “1995: Looking Down the Road to Quarter-Micron Production,” Semiconductor International, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 46–52, January 1995.
J.M. Soden and C.F. Hawkins, “Test Considerations for Gate Oxide Shorts in CMOS ICs,” IEEE Design & Test of Computers, vol. 3, pp. 56–64, August 1986.
J.M. Soden, C.F. Hawkins, R.K. Gulati and W. Mao, “IDDQ Testing: A Review,” Journal of Electronic Testing: Theory and applications, vol. 3, pp. 291–303, November 1992.
T.M. Storey and W. Maly, “CMOS bridging faults detection,” Proceedings of International Test Conference, 1990, pp. 842–851.
M.E. Turner, et al., “Testing CMOS VLSI: Tools, Concepts, and Experimental Results”, Proceedings of International Test Conference, 1985, pp. 322–328.
H.J.M. Veendrick, “The Bahavior of Flip-Flops Used as Synchronizers and Prediction of Their Failure Rate,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 169–176, April 1980.
T.W. Williams and K.P. Parker, “Design for Testability—A Survey,” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 98–113, January 1983.
B.W. Woodhall, B.D. Newman, and A.G. Sammuli, “Empirical Results of Undetected Stuck-open Failures,” Proceedings of International Test Conference, 1987, pp. 166–170.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sachdev, M. (1999). Testing Defects in Sequential Circuits. In: Defect Oriented Testing for CMOS Analog and Digital Circuits. Frontiers in Electronic Testing, vol 10. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4926-7_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4926-7_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-4928-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-4926-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive