Skip to main content

Transductional Mechanisms of Chemoattractant Receptors on Leukocytes

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Contemporary Topics in Immunobiology ((CTI,volume 14))

Abstract

The ability of phagocytic cells to migrate to chemical signals emanating from sites of intrusion of foreign substances was recognized more than a century ago and formed the basis of Metchnikoff’s phagocytic theory of host defense (Metchnikoff, 1968). While the chemotactic migration of leukocytes was noted during the nineteenth century, it was not until 1962 that quantification of leukocyte Chemotaxis in vitro became possible. The modern era of Chemotaxis was spurred by the development of a method (Boyden, 1962) to quantify the migration of leukocytes across microporous filters. In his initial studies, Boyden demonstrated that the incubation of serum with immune complexes led to the formation of chemotactic activity. The production of this activity was blocked by preheating the serum at 56°C for 30 minutes before the addition of the immune complexes. These observations not only provided the groundwork for future quantitative studies of humoral and cellular mechanisms of leukocyte Chemotaxis, but also suggested that serum complement might be a source of chemoattractants after activation by immune complexes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Andreoli, T. E., 1973, On the anatomy of amphotericin ß-cholesterol pores in lipid bilayer membranes, Kidney Int. 4:337.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aswanikumar, S., Corcoran, B., Schiffman, E., Day, A. R., Freer, R. J., Showell, H. J., and Pert, C.B., 1977, Demonstration of a receptor on rabbit neutrophils for chemotactic peptides, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 74:810.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Backlund, P., and Cantoni, G. L., 1983, Chemotaxis and methylation reactions in a mouse macrophage cell line, Proceedings of the Fifth Phagocyte Workshop, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benyunes, M. C., and Snyderman, R., 1984, Characterization of an oligopeptide chemoattractant receptor on human blood monocytes using a new radioligand,Blood in press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bjorksten, B., Ray, C., and Quie, P. G., 1976, Inhibition of human neutrophil Chemotaxis and chemiluminescence by amphotericin ß, Infect. Immun. 14:315.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boucek, M. M., and Snyderman, R., 1976, Calcium influx requirement for human neutrophil Chemotaxis:Inhibition by lanthanum chloride, Science 193:905.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boyden, S., 1962, The chemotactic effect of mixtures of antibody and antigen on polymorphonuclear leukocytes, J. Exp. Med. 115:453.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braun, J., Rosen, F. S., and Unanue, E. R., 1980, Capping and adenosine metabolism, J. Exp. Med. 151:174.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burgisser, G., DeLean, A., and Lefkowitz, R. J., 1982, Reciprocal modulation of agonist and antagonist binding to muscarinic cholinergic receptor by guanine nucleotides Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. (USA) 79:1732.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Castagna, M., Yoshima, T., Kaibachi, S., Kikkawa, U., and Nishizuka, Y., 1982, Direct activation of calcium activated phospholipid dependent protein kinase by tumor-promoting phorbol esters, J. Biol. Chem. 257:7847.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaplinski, T. J., and Niedel, J. E., 1982, Cyclic nucleotide induced maturation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells, J. Gin. Invest. 70:953.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chenoweth, D. E., and Hugli, T. E., 1978, Demonstration of a specific C5a receptor on intact polymorphonuclear leukocytes,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 75:3943.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chiang, P. K., Richards, H.H., and Cantoni, G. L., 1977, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase: Analogues of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine as potential inhibitors, Mol. Pharmacol. 13:939.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cianciolo, G. J., and Snyderman, R., 1981, Monocyte responsiveness to chemotactic stimuli is a property of a subpopulation of cells which can respond to multiple chemoattractants, J. Clin. Invest. 67:60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, S., Pick, E., and Oppenheim, J. J., 1979, The Biology of the Lymphokines, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeLean, A., Hancock, A. A., and Lefkowitz, R. J., 1982a, Validation and statistical analysis of computer modeling method for quantitative analysis of radioligand binding data for mixtures of pharmacological receptor subtypes, Mol. Pharm. 21:5.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeLean, A., Kilpatrick, B. F., and Caron, M. G., 1982b, Dopamine receptor of the porcine anterior pituitary gland, Mol. Pharm. 22:290.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez, H. N., Henson, P. M., Otani, A., and Hugli, T. E., 1978, Chemotactic response to human C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins: I. Evaluation of C3a and C5a leukotaxis in vitro and under simulated in vivo conditions, J. Immunol. 120:109.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, D. G., Pike, M. C., Koren, H. S., and Snyderman, R., 1980, Chemotactically responsive and non-responsive forms of a continuous human monocyte cell line, J. Immunol. 125:463.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher, M. P., and Gallin, J. I., 1980, Degranulating stimuli increase the availability of receptors on human neutrophils for the chemoattractant fMet-Leu-Phe, J. Immunol. 124:1585.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ford-Hutchinson, A.W., Bray, M. A., Doig, M.V., Shipley, M. E., and Smith, M. J. H., 1980, Leukotriene B, a potent chemokinetic and aggregating substance released from polymorphonuclear leukocytes, Nature 286:264.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gallin, J. I., and Rosenthal, A. S., 1974, The regulatory role of divalent cations in human granulocyte Chemotaxis: Evidence for an association between calcium exchanges and microtubule assembly, J. Cell. Biol. 62:594.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goetzl, E. J., and Austen, K. F., 1975, Purification and synthesis of eosinophilic tetrapep-tides of human lung tissue: Identification as eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. (USA) 72:4123.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goetzl, E. J., and Pickett, W. C., 1980, The human PMN leukocyte chemotactic activity of complex hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids (HETES), J. Immunol. 125:1789.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, D. W., and Goetzl, E. J., 1982, Specific binding of leukotriene B4 to receptors on human polymorphonuclear leukocyes, J. Immunol. 129:1600.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, I., Hoffstein, S., Gallin, J., and Weissmann, G., 1973, Mechanisms of lysosomal enzyme release from human leukocytes: Microtubule assembly and membrane fusion induced by a component of complement, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 70:2916.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hancock, A. A., DeLean, A., and Lefkowitz, R. J., 1979, Quantitative resolution of beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes by selective ligand binding. Application of a computerized model fitting technique, Mol. Pharm. 16:1.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heron, D. S., Shinitzky, M., Hershkowitz, M., and Samuel, D., 1980, Lipid fluidity markedly modulates the binding of serotonin to mouse brain membranes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 77:7463.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirata, F., Corcoran, B. A., Venkatasubramanian, K., Schiffmann, E., and Axelrod, J., 1979, Chemoattractants stimulate degradation of methylated phospholipids and release of arachidonic acid in rabbit leukocytes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 76:2640.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirata, F., Togoshima, S., Axelrod, J., and Waxdal, M. J., 1980, Phospholipid methylation: A biochemical signal modulating lymphocyte mitogenesis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 77:862.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hugli, T. E., and Müller-Eberhard, H. J., 1978, Anaphylatoxins, Adv. Immunol. 26:1.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ishizaka, T., Hirata, F., Ishizaka, K., and Axelrod, J., 1980, Stimulation of phospholipid methylation, Ca2+ influx, and histamine release by bridging of IgE receptors on rat mast mast cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 77:1903.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, J. A., Snyderman, R., and Mergenhagen, S. E., 1969, Chemotactic activity, a property of guinea pig C5 anaphylatoxin, Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Cellular and Humoral Mechanisms in Anaphylaxis and Allergy, p. 265, Karger, Basel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jerisaitis, A. J., Naemura, J. R., Sklar, L.A., Cochrane, C.G., and Painter, R. G., 1983, N-formyl-met-leu-phe is found in transient association with detergent-insoluble, cyto- skeleton-rich structure of stimulated granulocytes, Fed. Proc. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kay, G. E., Lane, B. C., and Snyderman, R., 1984, Induction of selective biological responses to chemoattractants in a human monocyte like cell line, Infect. Immun. 41:1166–1147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennerly, D. A., Sullivan, T. J., Sylvester, P., and Parker, C. W., 1979, Diacylglycerol metabolism in mast cells: A potential role in membrane fusion and arachidonic acid release, J. Exp. Med. 150:1039.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klebanoff, S. J., and Clark, R. A., 1978, The Neutrophil: Function and Clinical Disorders, North-Holland, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koo, C., and Snyderman, R., 1983, The oligopeptide chemoattractant receptor on human neutorphils converts to an irreversible high affinity state subsequent to agonist exposure, Gin. Res. 31(2):491A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koo, C., Lefkowitz, R. J., and Snyderman, R., 1982, The oligopeptide chemotactic factor receptor on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte membranes exists in two affinity states, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 106:442.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koo, C., Lefkowitz, R. J., and Snyderman, R., 1984, Guanine nucleotides modulate the binding affinity of the oligopeptide chemoattractant receptor on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, J. Clin. Invest 72:748–753.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kredich, N. M., and Martin, D. W., Jr., 1977, Role of S-adenosyl-homocysteine in adenosine mediated toxicity in cultured mouse T lymphoma cells, Cell 12:931.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kreisle, R. A., and Parker, C. W., 1983, Specific binding of leukotriene B4 to a receptor on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, J. Exp. Med. 157:628.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lad, P. M., Welton, A. F., and Rodbell, M., 1977, Evidence for distinct guanine nucleotide sites in the regulation of the glucagon receptor and of adenylate cyclase activity, J. Biol. Chem. 252:5942.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lampen, J. O., 1969, Amphotericin B and other polyenic antifungal antibiotics, Am. J. Gin. Pathol. 52:138.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leonard, E. J., Skeel, A., Chiang, P. K., and Cantoni, G. L., 1978, The action of the adeno-sylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitor, 3-deazaadenosine on phagocytic function of mouse macrophages and human monocytes, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 84:102.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lohr, K. M., and Snyderman, R., 1982, Amphotericin B alters the affinity and functional activity of the oligopeptide chemotactic factor receptor on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, J. Immunol. 129:1594.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maino, V. C., Hayman, M. J., and Crumpton, M. J., 1975, Relationship between enhanced turnover of phosphatidylinositol and lymphocyte activation by mitogens, Biochem. J. 146:247.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marasco, W.A., Fantone, J. C., Freer, R. J., and Ward, P. A., 1983, Characterization of the rat neutrophil formyl peptide Chemotaxis receptor, Am. J. Pathol. 111:373.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metchnikoff, E., 1968, Lectures on the Comparative Pathology of Inflammation, Dover, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naccache, P. H., Showell, H. J., Becker, E. L., and Shaa’fi, R. I., 1977, Transport of sodium, potassium, and calcium across rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocyte membranes: Effect of chemotactic factor, J. Cell. Biol. 73:428.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Niedel, J., Kahane, I., Lachman, L., and Cuatrecasas, P., 1980, A subpopulation of cultured human promyelocyte leukemia cells (HL-60) displays the formyl peptide chemotactic receptor, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 77:1000.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Niedel, J. E., Kuhn, L. J., and Vandenbark, G. R., 1983, Phorbol diester receptor copurifies with protein kinase C., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 80:36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Dea, R. F., Viveros, O. H., Aswanikumar, S., Schiffmann, E., Chiang, P.K., Cantoni, G. L., and Axelrod, J., 1978, A protein carboxymethylation stimulated by chemotactic peptides in leukocytes, Fed. Proc. 37:1656.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, R. M. J., Steprey, R. J., Higgs, G. A., and Eakins, K. E., 1980, Chemotactic activity of arachidonic acid lipoxygenase products in leukocytes from different species, Prostaglandins 20:411.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pike, M. C., and Snyderman, R., 1980, Lipid requirements for leukocyte Chemotaxis and phagocytosis: Effects of inhibitors of phospholipid and cholesterol synthesis, J. Immunol. 124:1963.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pike, M. C., and Snyderman, R., 1981a, Transmethylation reactions are required for initial morphologic and biochemical responses of human monocytes to chemoattractants, J. Immunol. 127:1444.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pike, M. C., and Snyderman, R., 1981b, Alterations of new methylated phospholipid synthesis in the plasma membranes of macrophages exposed to chemoattractants, J. Cell. Biol. 91:221.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pike, M. C., and Snyderman, R., 1982, Transmethylation reactions regulate affinity and functional activity of chemotactic factor receptors on macrophages, Cell 28:107.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pike, M. C., Kredich, N. M., and Snyderman, R., 1978, Requirement of S-adenosyl-L-methionine-mediated methylation for human monocyte Chemotaxis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 75:3928.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pike, M. C., Kredich, N. M., and Snyderman, R., 1979, Phospholipid methylation in macrophages is inhibited by chemotactic factors, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 76:2922.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pike, M. C., Fischer, D. G., Koren, H. S., and Snyderman, R., 1980, Development of specific receptors for N-formylated chemotactic peptides in a human monocyte cell line stimulated with lymphokines, J. Exp. Med. 152:31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rittenhouse-Simmons, S., 1979, Production of diglyceride from phosphatidylinositol in activated human platelets, J. Clin. Invest. 63:580.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shin, H. S., Snyderman, R., Friedman, E., Mellors, A., and Mayer, M. D., 1968, Chemotactic and anaphylatoxic fragment, cleaved from the fifth component of guinea pig complement, Science 162:361.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Showell, H. J., Freer, R. J., Zigmond, S. H., Schiffmann, E., Aswanikumar, S., Corcoran, B. A., and Becker, E. L., 1976, The structure-activity relations of synthetic peptides as chemotactic factors and inducers of lysosomal enzyme secretion for neutrophils, J. Exp. Med. 143:1154.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, C. W., Hollers, J. C., Patrick, R. A., and Hassett , 1979, Motility and adhesiveness in human neutrophils. Effects of chemotactic factors, J. Clin. Invest. 63:221.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snyderman, R., and Fudman, E. J., 1980, Demonstration of a chemotactic factor receptor on macrophages, J. Immunol. 124:2754.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snyderman, R., and Pike, M. C., 1980, N-formylmethionyl peptide receptors on equine leukocytes initiate secretion but not Chemotaxis, Science 209:493.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snyderman, R., Gewurz, H., and Mergenhagen, S. E., 1968a, Interactions of the complement system with endotoxic lipopolysaccharide. Generation of a factor chemotactic for polymorphonuclear leukocytes, J. Exp. Med. 128:259.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snyderman, R., Shin, H. S., Phillips, J. K., Gewurz, H., and Mergenhagen, S. E., 1969, A neutrophil chemotactic factor derived from C5 upon interaction of guinea pig serum with endotoxin, J. Immunol. 103:413.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snyderman, R., Phillips, J. K., and Mergenhagen, S. E., 1970, Polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotactic activity in rabbit and guinea pig serum treated with immune complexes: Evidence for C5a as the major chemotactic factor, Infect. Immun. 1:521.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snyderman, R., Altman, L. C., Hausman, M.S., and Mergenhagen, S.E., 1972, Human mononuclear leukocyte Chemotaxis: A quantitative assay for mediators of humoral and cellular chemotactic factors, J. Immunol. 108:857.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snyderman, R., Pike, M. C., and Kredich, N. M., 1980, Role of transmethylation reactions in cellular motility and phagocytosis, Mol. Immunol. 17:209.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snyderman, R., Pike, M. C., Edge, S., and Lane, B. C., 1984. A chemoattractant receptor on macrophages exists in two affinity states regulated by guanine nucleotides, J. Cell. Biol. 98: (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Spilberg, I., and Mehta, J., 1979, Demonstration of a specific neutrophil receptor for a cell derived chemotactic factor, J. Clin. Invest. 59:582.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spilberg, I., Gallacher, A., Mehta, J., and Mandell, B., 1976, Urate crystal induced chemotactic factor, isolation and partial characterization, J. Gin. Invest. 58:815.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stadel, J. M., DeLean, A., and Lefkowitz, R. J., 1982, Molecular mechanisms of coupling in hormone receptor-adenylate cyclase systems, Adv. Enzymol. 53:1.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Verghese, M. W., and Snyderman, R., 1983, Hormonal regulation of adenylate cyclase in macrophage membranes is regulated by guanine nucleotides, J. Immunol. 180:869.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, P. A., and Newman, L. J., 1969, A neutrophil chemotactic factor from human C5, J. Immunol. 102:93.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, P. A., Reinold, H. G., and David, J. R., 1969, Leukotactic factor produced by sensitized lymphocytes, Science 163:1079.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wasserman, S. I., Sater, N. A., Center, D. M., and Austen, K. F., 1977, Cold urticaria: Recognition and characterization of a neutrophil chemotactic factor which appears in serum during experimental cold challenge, J. Clin. Invest. 60:189.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinberg, J. B., Muscato, J. J., and Niedel, J., 1981, Monocyte chemotactic pep tide receptor, J. Gin. Invest. 68:621.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weissmann, G., Serhan, C., Smolen, J. E., Korchak, H. M., Friedman, R., and Kaplan, H. B., 1982, Stimulus-secretion coupling in the human neutrophil: The role of phosphatide acid and oxidized fatty acids in the translocation of calcium, Adv. Prostaglandin Thromboxane Leukotriene Res. 9:259.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler, G. L., and Bitensky, M. W., 1977, A light-activated GTPase in vertebrate photoreceptors: Regulation of light-activated cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 74:4238.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, L. T., and Lefkowitz, R. J., 1978, Receptor Binding Studies in Adrenergic Pharmacology, Raven Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, L. T., Snyderman, R., Pike, M. C., and Lefkowitz, R. J., 1977, Specific receptor sites for chemotactic peptides on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 74:1204.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, D., 1983, Cytoplasmic granules of human neutrophils: Differences in the membrane lipids of primary and secondary granules, Proceedings of the Fifth Phagocyte Workshop, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yuli, I., Tomonaga, A., and Snyderman, R., 1982, Chemoattractant receptor functions in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes are divergently altered by membrane fluidizers, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 79:5906.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zigmond, S. H., and Hirsch, J. G., 1973, Leukocyte locomotion and Chemotaxis: New methods for evaluation and demonstration of a cell-derived chemotactic factor, J. Exp. Med. 137:387.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman, T. P., Schmitges, C. J. , Walberg, G., Deeprose, R. D., Duncan, G. S., Cuatrecasas, P., and Elion, G. B., 1980, Modulation of cyclic AMP metabolism by S-adenosyl-homo-cysteine and S-3-deazaadenosyl-homocysteine in mouse lymphocytes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 77:5639.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1984 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Snyderman, R., Pike, M.C. (1984). Transductional Mechanisms of Chemoattractant Receptors on Leukocytes. In: Snyderman, R. (eds) Regulation of Leukocyte Function. Contemporary Topics in Immunobiology, vol 14. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4862-8_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4862-8_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-4864-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-4862-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics