Abstract
The microscopic structure of striated muscle has been examined for more than three centuries. Within this time span, progress in understanding the structural basis of contraction has been marked by at least two major developments: one was the deduction of a fundamental repeating unit, the sarcomere, from a complex series of microscopic bands, and another was the recognition that active shortening of the sarcomere repeat occurs through the action of mechanical crossbridges, operating between two constituent sets of sliding filaments. These two ideas traced macroscopic muscular movement through shortening of a microscopic sarcomere to some as yet unresolved motion taking place within a molecular complex between the major structural proteins, myosin and actin. During the course of this millionfold increase in spatial resolution of the contractile event, resulting in a sharp contemporary focus on a cross-bridge mechanism, some unique structural properties of striated muscle have been overlooked. One outstanding example is the very uniform long-range spatial regulation of the contractile apparatus that provides the actual physical framework for contraction.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Baskin, R., Roos, K., and Yeh, Y., 1979, Light diffraction study of single skeletal muscle fibers, Biophys. J.28:45–64.
Bennett, S., and Porter, K., 1953, An electron microscope study of the sectioned breast muscle of the domestic fowl, Am. J. Anal.93:61–105.
Bowman, W., 1840, On the minute structure and movements of voluntary muscle, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. [Biol] 457–501.
Buckley, I., and Porter, K. R., 1975, Electron microscopy of critical point dried whole cultured cells, J. Microsc.104:107–120.
Capco, D., Wan, K., and Penman, S., 1982, The nuclear matrix: Three dimensional architecture and protein composition, Cell 29:847–858.
Close R., 1972, Dynamic properties of mammalian skeletal muscles, Physiol. Rev.52:129–197.
Cooke, P., 1976, A filamentous cytoskeleton in vertebrate smooth muscle fibers. J. Cell Biol.68:539–556.
Cooke, P., and Chase, R., 1971, A potassium chloride-insoluble myofilament in vertebrate smooth muscle cells, Exp. Cell Res.66:417–425.
Cooke, P., and Katz, E. 1982, A periodic cytoskeletal lattice in striated muscle fibers, J. Cell Biol.95:375a.
Cooke, P., and Meek, K., 1983, A cytoskeletal periodicity in striated muscle, J. Cell Biol.97:468a.
Craig, R., and Offer, G., 1976, Axial arrangement of cross-bridges in thick filaments of vertebrate striated muscle. J. Mol. Biol.102:325–332.
Elliott, G., Lowy, J., and Millman, B., 1965, X-ray diffraction from living striated muscle during contraction, Nature 206:1357–1358.
Elliott, G., Lowy, J., and Millman, B., 1967, Low angle X-ray diffraction studies of living striated muscle during contraction, J. Mol. Biol.25:31–45.
Ferrans, V., and Roberts, W., 1973, Intermyofibrillar and nuclear-myofibrillar connections in human and canine myocardium: An ultrastructural study, J. Mol. Cell Cardiol.5:247–257.
Fischman, D., 1967, An electron microscope study of myofibril formation in embryonic skeletal muscle, J. Cell Biol.32:557–574.
Franke, W., and Schinko, W., 1967, Nuclear shape in muscle cells, J. Cell Biol.42:326–331.
Franzini-Armstrong, C., 1970, Details of I band structure as revealed by the localization of ferritin, Tissue Cell 2:327–338.
Gordon, A., Huxley, A., and Julian, F., 1966, The variation in isometric tension with sarcomere length in vertebrate muscle fibers, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 184:170–192.
Granger, B., and Lazarides, E., 1978, The existence of an insoluble Z-disc scaffold in chicken skeletal muscle, Cell 19:1253–1268.
Hall, C., Jakus, M., and Schmitt, F., 1946, An investigation of cross-striations and myosin filaments in muscle, Biol. Bull.90:32–50.
Haugen, P., and Sten-Knudsen, O., 1976, Sarcomere lengthening and tension drop in the latent period of isolated frog skeletal muscle fibers, J. Gen. Physiol.68:247–265.
Hanson, J., and Huxley, H., 1955, The structural basis of contraction in striated muscle, Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol.9:228–264.
Huxley, H., 1957, The double array of filaments in cross-striated muscle, J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol.3:631–648.
Huxley, H., 1963, Electron microscope studies on the structure of natural and synthetic protein filaments from striated muscle, J. Mol. Biol.7:281–308.
Huxley, H., and Brown, W., 1967, The low angle X-ray diagram of vertebrate striated muscle and its behaviour during contraction and rigor, J. Mol. Biol.30:383–434.
Huxley, H., and Hanson, J., 1954, Changes in the cross-striations of muscle during contraction and stretch and their structural interpretation, Nature 173:973–976.
Huxley, H., and Hanson, J., 1957, Quantitative studies on the structure of cross-striated myofibrils. I. Investigations by interference microscopy, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 23:229–249.
Huxley, A., and Niedergerke, R., 1954, Structural changes in muscle during contraction, Nature 173:971–973.
Huxley, A., and Peachey, L., 1961, The maximum length for contraction in vertebrate striated muscle, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 156:150–165.
Huxley, H., Brown, W., and Holmes, K., 1965, Constancy of axial spacings in frog sartorius muscle during contraction, Nature 206:1358.
Ishikawa, H., Bischoff, R., and Holtzer, H., 1968, Mitosis and intermediate sized filaments in developing skeletal muscle, J. Cell Biol.38:538–555.
Ishiwata, S., 1981, Melting from both ends of an α-band in a myofibril. Observation with a phase-contrast microscope, J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 89:1647–1650.
Karlson, U., and Andersson-Cedergren, E., 1968, Small leptomeric organelles in intrafusal fibers of the frog as revealed by electron microscopy, J. Ultrastruct. Res.23:417–426.
Kelly, D., 1969, Myofibrillogenesis and Z-band differentiation, Anat. Rec.163:403–426.
Lazarides, E., 1980, Intermediate filaments as mechanical integrators of cellular space, Nature 283:249–256.
Locker, R., and Leet, N., 1975, Histology of highly stretched beef muscle. The fine structure of grossly stretched single fibers, J. Ultrastruct. Res.52:64–75.
Matolsty, A., and Gerendas, M., 1947, Isotropy in the I striation of striated muscle, Nature 159:502–503.
McNeil, P., and Hoyle, G., 1967, Evidence for superthin filaments, Am. Zool.7:483–498.
Ohtsuki, I., 1975, Distribution of troponin components in the thin filament studied by immu- noelectron microscopy, J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 77:633–639.
Page, S., 1968, Fine structure of tortoise skeletal muscle, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 197:709–715.
Page, S., and Huxley, H., 1963, Filament lengths in striated muscle, J. Cell Biol.19:369–390.
Pierobon-Bormioli, S., 1981, Transverse sarcomere filamentous systems: Z and M cables, J. Muscle Res. Cell Motil.2:401–413.
Porter, K. R., and Anderson, K., 1982, The structure of the cytoplasmic matrix preserved by freeze drying and freeze substitution, Eur. J. Cell Biol.29:83–96.
Porter, K. R., and McNiven, M., 1982, The cytoplast: A unit structure in chromatophores, Cell 29:23–32.
Price, M., and Sanger, J., 1979, Intermediate filaments connect Z discs in adult chicken muscle, J. Exp. Zool.208:263–269.
Prosser, C., 1980, Evolution and diversity of non-striated muscles, in: Handbook of Physiology (D. Bohr, A. Somlyo, and H. Sparks, eds.), Section 2, pp. 635–670, American Physiological Society, Bethesda, Md.
Prosser, C., 1982, Diversity of narrow-fibered and wide-fibered muscles, in: Basic Biology of Muscles: A Comparative Approach (B. Twarog, R. Levine, and M. Dewey, eds.), pp. 381–397, Raven Press, New York.
Rash, J., Biesele, J., and Gey, G., 1970, Three classes of filaments in cardiac differentiation, J. Ultrastruct. Res.33:408–435.
Richardson, F., Stromer, M., Huiatt, T., and Robson, R., 1981, Immunoelectron and immunofluorescence localization of desmin in mature avian muscles, Eur. J. Cell Biol.26:91 – 101.
Rudel, R., and Zite-Ferenczy, F., 1979, Interpretation of light diffraction by cross-striated muscle as Bragg reflection of light by the lattice of contractile proteins, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 290:317 – 330.
Ruska, H., and Edwards, G., 1957, A new cytoplasmic pattern in striated muscle fibers and its possible relation to growth, Growth 21:73–88.
Staufenbiel, M., and Deppert, W., 1982, Intermediate filaments are collapsed onto the nuclear surface after isolation of nuclei from tissue cells, Exp. Cell Res.138:207–214.
Tigyi-Sebes, A., 1966, Migration of the substance of the anisotropic band of the cross striated muscle during the release of myosin, Acta Biochim. Biophys. Acad. Sci. Hung.1:407–412.
Wang, K., and Ramirez-Mitchell, R., 1983, A network of transverse and longitudinal intermediate filaments is associated with sarcomeres of vertebrate skeletal muscle, J. Cell Biol.96:562 – 570.
Yeh, Y., Baskin, R., Lieber, R., and Roos, K., 1980, Theory of light diffraction by single skeletal muscle fibers, Biophys. J.29:509–522.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cooke, P. (1985). A Periodic Cytoskeletal Lattice in Striated Muscle. In: Shay, J.W. (eds) Cell and Muscle Motility. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4723-2_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4723-2_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-4725-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-4723-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive