Abstract
Approximately 200 million individuals are infected with filarial helminths, the parasitic helminths that cause lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis (river blindness). Filariae are thread-like nematodes that are transmitted by the bite of blood-sucking arthropods (mosquitoes transmit lymphatic filariae and black flies transmit onchocerciasis). Adult males and females are viviparous, and the early first stage larvae, termed microfiariae, are present in either the blood (lymphatic filariae) or the skin (onchocerciasis).
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Pearlman, E., Mehlotra, R.K., Haxhiu, M.A., Hall, L.R. (2000). Cytokine Regulation of Filaria: Induced Airway and Corneal Disease. In: Tschudi, C., Pearce, E.J. (eds) Biology of Parasitism. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4622-8_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4622-8_11
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