Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Biocatalysts for Industry pp 83–112Cite as

Biocatalysts for the Synthesis and Modification of Biopolymers

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Topics in Applied Chemistry ((TAPP))

Abstract

Biopolymers are polymers that are biosynthesized from monomeric building blocks. Although biopolymers have been used for many years by the food, pharmaceutical, and specialty chemical industries, they have recently taken on increasing industrial importance often for novel applications.1–4 The heightened interest in these materials has primarily been the result of new biotechnological methods5–7 which have given industry access to large quantities of highly-pure biopolymers of various structures representing both natural and nonnatural products.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. D. R. Marshak and D. T. Liu, eds., Therapeutic Peptides and Proteins: Assessing New Technologies, Banbury Reports # 29, Cold Spring Harbor, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  2. L. B. Jaques, Science 206, 528 (1979).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. B. Casu, Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. Biochem. 43, 51 (1985).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. J. F. Kennedy and C. A. White, Bioactive Carbohydrates, Ellis Harwood, New York 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  5. W. V. Grossman and A. K. Moldave, Recombinant DNA Technology, Academic Press, London (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  6. J. F. Kennedy, Enzyme Technology, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  7. C. Laone, J. Tramper, and M. D. Lilly, eds., Biocatalysis in Organic Media, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  8. R. J. Linhardt and D. Loganathan, in: Biomimetic Polymers ( G. Gebelein, ed.), Plenum Press, New York (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  9. D. J. Watson, The DNA Story, W. H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  10. A. J. Zang and J. R. Cech, Science 231, 470 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  11. F. M. Ansbel, R. Kingston, D. Moore, J. Seidman, J. Smith, and K. Struhl, eds., Current Protocol in Molecular Biology, Wiley/Green, New York (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  12. W. E. Cohen and L. Moldave, eds., Advances in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology, New York (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  13. M. H. Carthers, Science 230, 281 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  14. K. G. Nilsson, TIBTECH 6, 256 (1988).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. H. D. Jakubke, P. Kuhl, and A. Könnecke, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 24, 85 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  16. A. Zaks, M. Empie, and A. Gross, TIBTECH 6, 272 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  17. G. F. Bickerstaff, Enzymes in Industry and Medicine, E. Arnold, ed., (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  18. T. J. Ahern, J. I. Casal, G. A. Petsko, and A. M. Klibanov, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 675 (1987).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. C.-H. Wong, Science 244, 1145 (1989).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. G. M. Whitesides and C.-H. Wong, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 24, 617 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  21. J. S. Dordick, Enzyme Microb. Technol. 11, 194 (1989).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. J. S. Deetz and J. D. Rozzell, TIBTECH 6, 15 (1988).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. P. J. Lea, Int. Rev. Biochem. 18, 79 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  24. H. R. V. Arnstein, Int. Rev. Science, Biochem. Series, Vol. 7, Butterworths, London (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  25. I. K. Inoye and K. Wautab, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin. Trans, 1905 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  26. C. Sheehan and G. P. Hess, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 77, 1067 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. G. W. Anderson, J. E. Zimmerman, and F. M. Callahan, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 89, 178 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. K. Morihara and T. Oka, Biochem. J. 163, 531 (1977).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. H. D. Law, The Organic Chemistry of Peptides, Interscience, Wiley, London (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  30. F. Weygand and E. Csendes, Angew. Chem. 64, 136 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. R. Camble, R. Garner, and G. T. Young, Nature 217, 247 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  32. D. F. Elliot and D. Morris, Chimia 14, 373 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  33. B. Iselin, Helv. Chim. Acta 45, 1510 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. M. Mutter and E. Bayer, Nature 237, 512 (1972).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. S. B. H. Kent and R. B. Merrifield, Peptides, Brunfeldt, Copenhagen (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  36. J. M. Stewart and J. D. Young, Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis, Freeman, San Francisco (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  37. R. Arnon, in: Immunochemistry of Viruses (Van Regenmortel and A. R. Neurath, eds. ), Elsevier (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  38. R. Amon, TIBS 11, 521 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  39. R. C. Kennedy, R. D. Hendel, I. Paoletti, J. S. Allen, T. H. Lee, M. Essex, and G. R. Dreesman, Science 231, 1551 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  40. J. D. Glass, Enzyme Microb. Technol. 3, 2 (1981).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. J. S. Fruton, Adv. in Enzymol. 53,239 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  42. H. D. Jakubke, P. Kuh., and A. Könnecke, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Eng. 24, 85 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  43. K. Morihara, TIBTECH 5, 164 (1987).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. M. Homandberg, J. A. Mattis, and M. Laskowski, Biochemistry 17, 5220 (1978).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. I. M. Chaiken and A. Komoriya, TIBS 3, 269 (1978).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. E. Scoffone, R. Racchi, F. Marchiori, L. Moroder, A. Marzotto, and A. M. Tamburro, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 89, 5490 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  47. D. E. Harris and R. E. Offord, Biochem. J. 161, 21 (1977).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. F. Borras and R. E. Offord, Nature 227, 716 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. C. H. Li, J. Blaker, and T. Hayashido, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 82, 217 (1978).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. M. Pandin, E. A. Paldon, C. Bello, and I. M. Chaiken, Peptides, Université de Bruxelles (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  51. Y. Isowa, M. Ohmori, and K. Mori, US Patent 4, 436, 925 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  52. K. Oyama, S. Nishimura, Y. Nonaka, K. Kihara, and T. Hashimoto, J. Org. Chem. 46, 5241 (1981).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. R. Saltman, D. Vlach, and P. L. Luisi, Biopolymers 16, 631 (1977).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. M. Bergmann and H. Frankel-Conrat, J. Biol. Chem. 119, 707 (1937).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. R. W. Sealock and M. Laskowski, Jr., Biochemistry 8, 3703 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. M. Homandberg, J. A. Mattis, and M. Laskowski, Jr., Biochemistry 17, 5220 (1978).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. K. Inouye, K. Wantabe, K. Morihara, Y. Fochino, T. Kanyo, J. Emuro, and S. Sakakibara, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101, 751 (1979).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. A. Jonezyk and G. H. Gattner, Hoppe Seyler’s Z. Physiol. Chem. 362, 1591 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  59. C. F. Barbas, J. R. Matos, J. Blair-West, and C.-H. Wang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110, 5162 (1988).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. I. K. Bratovanova, I. B. Stoineva, and D. D. Petkov, Tetrahedron 44, 3666 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  61. J. Blair-West and C.-H. Wong, Tetrahedron Lett. 28, 1629 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  62. A. L. Margolin and A. M. Klibanov, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109, 3802 (1987).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. T. Nakatsuka, T. Sasaki, and E. T. Kaiser, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109, 3808 (1987).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. J. Blair-West and C.-H. Wong, J. Org. Chem. 51, 2728 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  65. G. Ashwell and E. F. Newfeld, Cell 12, 619 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  66. K. B. Lee, D. Loganathan, Z. M. Merchant, and R. J. Linhardt, Appl. Biochem. and Biotechnol. 53, 273 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  67. R. W. Stoddart, The Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides, Macmillan, New York (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  68. R. W. Freisen and S. J. Danishefsky, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 6656 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  69. D. R. Mootoo, P. Konradsson, U. Udodong, and B. Fraser-Reid, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110, 5583 (1988).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. K. G. I. Nilsson, TIBTECH 6, 256 (1988).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. C.-H. Wong, S. L. Haynie and G. W. Whiteside, J. Org. Chem. 47, 5416 (1982).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. J. Thiem and W. Treder, Angew. Chem. 98, 1096 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  73. T. A. Bayer, J. E. Sadler, J. I. Rearick, J. C. Paulson, and R. L. Hill, Adv. Enzymol. 52, 23 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  74. P. R. Rosevear, H. A. Nunez, and R. Barker, Biochemistry 21, 1421 (1982).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. V. Zehavi, S. Sadeh, and M. Herchman, Carbohydr. Res. 124, 23 (1983).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. K. G. I. Nilsson, Carbohydr. Res. 188, 9 (1989).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. K. Ajisaka, H. Fujimoto, and H. Nishida, Carbohydr. Res. 180, 35 (1988).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. K. Ajisaka, H. Nishida, and H. Fujimoto, Biotechnol. Lett. 9, 243 (1987).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. F. Milliken, P. Smith, C. S. Rose, and P. Cyorgy, J. Biol. Chem. 217, 79 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  80. K. G. I. Nilsson, Carbohydr. Res. 167, 95 (1987).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. A. Anon, Jpn. Bioind. Leu. 2, 9 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  82. US Patent No.4, 521, 592 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  83. N. K. Matherson and B. V. McCleary, in: The Polysaccharide (G. O. Aspinall, ed.), Vol. 3, Academic Press, New York (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  84. J. D. Gregory, T. C. Laurent, and L. Roden, J. Biol. Chem. 239, 3312 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. R. J. Linhardt, C. L. Cooney, and P. M. Galliher, Appl. Biochem. and Biotechnol. 12, 135 (1986).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. R. J. Linhardt, G. L. Fitzgerald, C. L. Cooney, and R. Langer, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 702, 197 (1982).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. R. J. Linhardt, Z. M. Merchant, K. G. Rice, Y. S. Kim, G. L. Fitzgerald, A. C. Grant, and R. Langer, Biochemistry 24, 7805 (1985).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. R. J. Linhardt, K. G. Rice, and D. M. Cohen, Biochemistry 28, 2888 (1989).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. S. Ishii and T. Yokotsuka, J. Agr. Food Chem. 20, 787 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. T. N. Wight and R. Mechem, eds., The Biology of the Extracellular Matrix: Proteoglycans, Academic Press, New York (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  91. K. G. Rice and R. J. Linhardt, Carbohydr. Res. 190, 219 (1989).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. L. M. Mallis, H. M. Wang, D. K. Loganathan, and R. J. Linhardt, Anal. Chem. 61, 1453 (1989).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. D. Loganathan, H. M. Wang, L. M. Mallis, and R. J. Linhardt, Biochemistry 29, 4362 (1990).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Y. S. Kim, Doctoral Thesis, University of Iowa, August 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  95. D. H. Atha, J. C. Lormeau, M. Petitou, and R. D. Rosenberg, Biochemistry 24, 6723 (1985).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. P. Sinay, J. C. Jacquinet, M. Petitou, P. Duchaussoy, I. Lederman, J. Choay, and G. Torri, Carbohydr. Res. 132, C5 (1984).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. L. A. Loeb, P. K. Liu, and M. Fry, Prog. in Nucleic Acid Res. and Mol. Biol. 33,57 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  98. A. Kornberg, DNA Replication, Freeman, San Francisco (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  99. K. Itakura, T. Hirose, R. Crea, A. D. Riggs, H. Heynker, F. Bolivar, and H. W. Boyer, Science 198, 1956 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  100. P. Hodge and D. C. Sherrington, Polymer-Supported Reaction in Organic Synthesis, Wiley, New York (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  101. G. Alvarado-Urbina, G. M. Sathe, W. C. Liu, M. F. Gillen, and D. P. Duck, Science 214, 270 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. M. J. Gair, H. W. Matthes, M. Singh, S. Sproat, and R. C. Titmas, Nucleic Acids Res., 10 1755 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  103. B. C. Reese and R. Ubasawa, Nucleic Acids Res. 7, 5 (1980).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. H. Koster, A. Stumpe, and A. Walter, Tetrahedron Lett. 24, 745 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  105. V. Kohli, H. Blocker, and H. Koster, Tetrahedron Lett. 21, 2683 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  106. M. D. Matteucci and M. D. Carthers, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103, 3185 (1981).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. H. G. Khorana, Science 203, 614 (1979).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. J. E. Davis and H. G. Gassen, Angew. Chem. 22, 13 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  109. K. Itakura and A. D. Riggs, Science 209, 140 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  110. H. O. Smith and D. Nathans, J. Mol. Biol. 81, 419 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. R. J. Roberts, Methods Enzymol. 65, 1 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. E. K. Nichols, Human Gene Therapy, Harvard University Press, Cambridge (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  113. H. G. Gassen and A. Lang, eds., Chemical and Enzymatic Synthesis of Gene Fragments, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  114. N. Symonds, in: Biochemistry of Nucleic Acids (K. Burton, ed.), Vol. 6, p. 165, Butterworths University Park Press, Baltimore (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  115. K. Itakura, T. Hirose, R. Crea, R. D. Riggs, and H. L. Hyneker, Science 198, 1056 (1977).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. K. L. Agarwal, H. Buchi, M. H. Caruthers, N. Gupta, H. G. Khorana, K. Kleppe, A. Kumar, E. Ohtsuka, V. Rajbhandary, J. H. Van de Sande, V. Sfaramella, H. Weber, and T. Yamada, Nature 227, 27 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. D. V. Goeddel, D. G. Kleid, F. Bolivar, H. I. Heynecker, D. C. Yamsura, R. Crea, T. Hirose, A. Kraszewski, K. Itakura, and A. D. Riggs, Pro. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 106 (1979).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. E. Ohtsuka, Y. Taniyama, S. Iwai, K. Kitano, and S. Miyamoto, Nucleic Acids Res. 12, (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  119. M. D. Meacok, A. R. Heathcliffe, P. A. Meacock, W. Schuch, D. B. Scalon, T. C. Atkinson, C. R. Newton, and A. F. Markan, Nature 292, 756 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  120. P. J. Romaniuk and O. C. Uhlenbeck, Methods in Enzymol. 100, 52 (1983).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. R. C. Scarpulla, S. A. Narang, and R. Wu, Anal. Biochem., 121, 356 (1982).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. J. J. Rossi, R. Kierzek, T. Huang, P. Walker, and K. Itakura, J. Biol. Chem. 257, 9226 (1982).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. H. G. Khorana, K. L. Agarwal, P. Besmer, H. Buchi, M. H. Caruthers, P. J. Cashion, M. Fridkin, E. Jay, K. Kleppe, R. Kleppe, A. Kumar, P. C. Loewen, R. C. Miller, K. Minamoto, A. Panet, U. L. Rajbhandary, B. Ramamoorthy, T. Sekiya, T. Takeya, and H. van de Sande, J. Biol. Chem. 251, 565 (1976).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. J. D. Windass, C. R. Newton, J. DeMaeyer-Guignard, V. E. Moore, and A. F. Markham, Nucleic Acids Res. 10, 6639 (1982).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. P. L. Dettaseth, R. A. Goldman, C. L. Cech, and M. H. Caruthers, Nucleic Acids Res. 11, 773 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  126. Shortle, D. DiMaio, and D. Nathans, Annu. Rev. Genet. 15, 265 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. A. Sancar and G. B. Sancar, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 57, 29 (1988).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. S. Neidle, Nature 283, 135 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. W. A. Haseltine, M. K. Lo, and A. D. D’Andrea, Science 209, 929 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. J. I. McInnes, S. Dalton, P. D. Vise, and A. J. Robins, Bio/Technology, 5 269 (1987).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. A. H. Al-Hakim and R. Hull, Biochem. J. 251, 935 (1988).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. R. Hull and A. H. Al-Hakim, Trends Biotech. 6, 213 (1988).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. H. Yokota, K. Yokoo, and Y. Nagata, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 868, 45 (1986).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. R. D. Langer, A. A. Waldrop, and D. C. Wark, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 6633 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. A. H. Al-Hakim and R. Hull, Nucleic Acids Res. 4, 9965 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA

    Robert J. Linhardt & Ali Al-Hakim

Authors
  1. Robert J. Linhardt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ali Al-Hakim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Iowa, 52242, Iowa City, Iowa, USA

    Jonathan S. Dordick

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Linhardt, R.J., Al-Hakim, A. (1991). Biocatalysts for the Synthesis and Modification of Biopolymers. In: Dordick, J.S. (eds) Biocatalysts for Industry. Topics in Applied Chemistry. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4597-9_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4597-9_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-3216-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-4597-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation