Skip to main content

Chronobiologic Optimization of Aging

  • Chapter
Aging and Biological Rhythms

Part of the book series: Advances in experimental medicine and biology ((AEMB,volume 108))

Abstract

The physical, mental and economic health of older people and the role of geriatric medicine have been examined by psychiatrists and biologists as well as lawyers and social ecologists — all searching for a new approach to an old problem. When in October 1975, the journal Bioscience took a “new look at aging”, the editor recognized the importance of sociological and physiological aspects eminently chronobiologic yet indicated that such were “another story for another time.” Thereafter, an authoritative panel provided articles introduced by Moment’s (1975) scholarly and delightful reference to the Ponce de Leon trail toward a Fountain of Youth.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aschoff, J. Aktivitätsmuster der Tagesreriodik. Naturwissenschaften 44: 361–367, 1957.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aschoff, J., Saint Paul, U. v. and Wever, R. Die Lebensdauer von Fliegen unter dem Einfluss von Zeit-Verschiebungen. Naturwissenchaften 58: 574, 1971.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aschoff, J., Hoffman, K., Pohl, H. and Wever, R. Re-entrainment of circadian rhythms after phase-shifts of the Zeitgeber. Chronobiologia 2: 23–80, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartter, F.C. Periodicity and Medicine. In: Chronobiology, L.E. Scheving, F. Halberg and J.E. Pauly, eds. Igaku Shoin, Ltd., Tokyo, pp 6–13, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartter, F.C, Delea, C.S., Baker, W., Halberg, F. and Lee, J.K. Chronobiology in the diagnosis and treatment of mesor-hypertension. Chronobiologia 3: 199–213, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brauer, R. In: Perspectives in Experimental Gerontology, N. Shock, ed. C.C. Thomas, Springfield, IL, p. 289, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brock, M.A. Circannual rhythms. I. Free-running rhythms in growth and development of the marine cnidarian, Campanularia flexuosa. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 51(A): 377–383, 1975a.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brock, M.A. Circannual rhythms. II. Temperature compensated free-running rhythms in growth and development of the marine cnidarian, Campanularia flexuosa. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 51(A): 385–390, 1975b.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brock, M.A. Circannual rhythms. III. Rhythmicity in the longevity of hydranths of the marine cnidarian, Campanularia flexuosa. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 51(A): 391–398, 1975c.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brockway, B. The 48-hour day simulated by the lighting regimen in the context of related spectral studies on human beings. Chronobiologia 4: 102–103, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carandente, F. and Halberg, F. Chronobiologic view of shift work and ulcers. Shift Work and Health. A Symposium, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare, pp 273–283, July 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clayton, D.L., McMullen, A.W. and Barnet, C.C. Circadian modification of drug-induced teratogenesis in rat fetuses. Chronobiologia 2: 210–217, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Comfort, A. Physiology, homeostasis and aging. Gerontologia 14: 224–234, 1968.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Descovich, G.C., Montalbetti, N., Kühl, J.F.W., Rimondi, S. and Halberg, F. Circadian as well as circannual in-phase synchronization of urinary epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) and acrophase difference of E or NE with NER = NE/(NE + E) in mature and presumably healthy human beings. Int. J. Chronobiol. 1: 324, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dublin, L.I., Karsner, H.T., Pepper, O.H.P. and Brooks, B. Medical Problems of Old Age. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 46 pp, 1941.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehret, C.F. Significance of circadian rhythms in aging. In: Aging and Levels of Biological Organization, A.M. Brues and G.A. Sacher, eds. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 209–213, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Falzone, J., Samis, H. and Wolff, V. Cellular compensation and controls in the aging process. J. Geront. 22: 42–52, 1967.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandes, G., Yunis, E., Nelson, W. and Halberg, F. Differences in immune response of mice to sheep red blood cells as a function of circadian phase. In: Chronobiology. Proc. Int. Soc. for the Study of Biological Rhythms, Little Rock, Ark., L.E. Scheving, F. Halberg and J.E. Pauly, eds. Igaku Shoin, Ltd., Tokyo, pp 280–284, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandes, G., Halberg, F., Yunis, E. and Good, R.S. Circadian rhythmic plaque-forming cell response of spleens from mice immunized by SRBC. J. Immunol. 117: 962–966, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Folkis, V. Regulatory process in the mechanism of aging. Exp. Geront. 3: 113–123, 1968.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gedda, L. and Brenci, G. Chronogenetics, its foundation, scope and impact. Acta Genet. Med. Gemellol. 22: 3–17, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goetz, F., Bishop, J., Halberg, F., Sothern, R.B., Brunning, R., Senske, B., Greenberg, B., Minors, D., Stoney, P., Smith, I.D., Rosen, G.D., Cressey, D., Haus, E. and Apfelbaum, M. Timing of single daily meal influences relations among human circadian rhythms in urinary cyclic AMP and hemic glucagon, insulin and iron. Experientia 32: 1081–1084, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Good, R.A. and Yunis, E.J. Association of autoimmunity, immunodeficiency and aging in man, rabbits, and mice. Fed. Proc. 33: 2040–2050, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halberg, E., Connolly, M., Halberg, F., Yunis, E., Bailey, L., Nelson, E., Carandente, F., Cagnoni, M., Scarpelli, P., Lauro, R., Levine, H., Delea, C., Bartter, F.C. and Haus, E. Timely recognition (as well as timed treatment) of murine blood pressure elevation, as a model for the clinic. Chronobiologia 3: 72–73, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halberg, F. Beobachtungen über 24-Stunden Periodik in standardisierter Versuchsanordnung vor und nach Epinephrektomie und bilateraler optischer Enukleation, 20th Meeting of the German Physiologic Society, Homburg/Saar, September 1953. In: Berichte über die gesamte Physiologie 162: 354–355, 1954.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halberg, F. Physiologic 24-hour periodicity; general and procedural considerations with reference to the adrenal cycle. Z. Vitamin-Hormon-u. Fermentforsch. 10: 225–296, 1959.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halberg, F. Physiologic 24-hour rhythms: A determinant of response to environmental agents. In: Man’s Dependence on the Earthly Atmosphere, K.F. Schaefer, ed. MacMillan Co., New York, pp 48–98, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halberg, F. Chronobiology. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 31: 675–725, 1969.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halberg, F. When to treat. Haematologica 60: 1–30, 1975a.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halberg, F. When to treat. Indian J. of Cancer 12: 1–20, 1975b.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halberg, F. and Howard, R.B. 24-hour periodicity and experimental medicine. Examples and Interpretations. Postgraduate Med. 24: 349–358, 1958.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halberg, F. and Nelson, W. Chronotherapy of immunocytoma made feasible by meal timing. Proceedings of the American Assoc. for Cancer Research 19: 190, 1976a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halberg, F. and Nelson, W. Some aspects of chronobiology relating to the optimization of shift work. Shift Work and Health. A Symposium, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare. pp 13–47, July 1976b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halberg, F., Visscher, M.B. and Bittner, J.J. Relation of visual factors to eosinophil rhythm in mice. Am. J. Physiol. 179: 229–235, 1954.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halberg, F., Bittner, J.J., Gully, R.J., Albrecht, P.G. and Brackney, E.L. 24-hour periodicity and audiogenic convulsions in I mice of various ages. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. 88: 169–173, 1955.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halberg, F., Jacobson, E., Wadsworth, G. and Bittner, J. Audiogenic abnormality spectra, 24-hour periodicity and lighting. Science 128: 657–658, 1958.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halberg, F., Halberg, E., Barnum, C.P. and Bittner, J.J. Physiologic 24-hour periodicity in human beings and mice, the lighting regimen and daily routine. In: Photoperiodism and Related Phenomena in Plants and Animals, R.B. Withrow, ed. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Publ. No. 55, Washington, D.C., pp 803–878, 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halberg, F., Tong, Y.L. and Johnson, E.A. Circadian system phase — an aspect of temporal morphology: Procedures and illustrative examples. Proc. Intl. Congress of Anatomists. In: The Cellular Aspects of Biorhythms. Symposium on Biorhythms. Springer-Verlag, pp 20-48, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halberg, F., Johnson, E.A., Nelson, W., Runge, W. and Sothern. R. Autorhythmometry procedures for physiologic self-measurements and their analysis. Physiology Teacher 1: 1–11-1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halberg, F., Haus, E., Cordoso, S.S., Scheving, L.E., Kühl, J.F.W., Shiotsuka, R., Rosene, G., Pauly, J.E., Runge, W., Spalding, J.F., Lee, J.K. and Good, R.A. Toward a chronotherapy of neoplasia: Tolerance of treatment depends upon host rhythms. Experientia (Basel) 28: 909–934, 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Halberg, F., Halberg, E. and Carandente, F. Chronobiology and metabolism in the broader context of timely intervention and timed treatment. Diabetes Research Today, Symposia Medica Hoechst 12, pp 1–51, April 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halberg, F., Carandente, F., Cornelissen, G. and Katinas, S. Glossary of chronobiology. Chronobiologia 4, Supplement 1. In: Psicronizer Insert (Figs. 8 and 9). Data presented by F. Halberg, E.W. Powell, W. Lubanovic, R.B. Sothern, B. Brockway, R.N. Pasley and L.E. Scheving, 1977a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halberg, F., Gupta, B.D., Haus, E., Halberg, E., Deka, A.C., Nelson, W., Sothern, B., Cornelissen, G., Lee, J.K., Lakatua, D.J., Scheving, L.E. and Burns, E.R. Steps toward a cancer chrono-polytherapy. XIV Intl. Cong. of Therapeutics, Montpellier, France, L’Expansion Scientifique Francaise, pp 151–196, 1977b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halberg, F., Sothern, R.B., Roitman, B., Halberg, E., Halberg, F., Mayersbach, H. v., Haus, E., Scheving, L.E., Kanabrocki, E.L., Bartter, F.C., Delea, C.S., Simpson, H.W., Tavadia, H.B., Fleming, K.A., Hume, P. and Wilson, C. Agreement of circadian characteristics for total leucocyte counts in different geographic locations. In: Proc. XII Intl. Cong. of the Intl. Soc. for Chronobiology, Washington, D.C., Il Ponte, Italy, pp 3-17, 1977c.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halberg, F., Powell, E.W., Lubanovic, W., Sothern, R.B., Brockway, B., Pasley, R.N. and Scheving, L.E. Nomifensine chrono-pharmacology, schedule-shifts and circadian temperature rhythms in di-suprachiasmatically lesioned rats — modeling emotional chronopathology and chronotherapy. Chronobiologia, in prep.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halberg, J., Halberg, E., Halberg, F., Delea, C. and Bartter, F.C. Development of blood pressure disease gauged by circadian rhythmometry of systolic blood pressure of Okamoto SH and SP rats on fixed or changing lighting schedules. Fed. Proc. 36: 548, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haus, E. and Halberg, F. Phase-shifting of circadian rhythms in rectal temperature, serum corticosterone and liver glycogen of the male C mouse. Rass. Neurol. Veg. 23: 83–112, 1969.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, D.K., Cawley, D.M., Halberg, F., Sullivan, W.N. and Schechter, M.S. Survival of the codling moth, the pink bollworm, and the tobacco budworm after 90° phase-shifts at varied regular intervals throughout the life span. Shift Work and Health, A Symposium, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare, pp 48-50, July 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedlund, L., Lischko, M., Rollag, M.D. and Niswender, G.D. Melatonin: Daily cycle in plasma and cerebral spinal fluid of calves. Science 195: 686–687, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hufeland, C.W. Makrobiotik, the Art of Prolonging Life. 2nd English translation, printed for J. Bell, London, p 201, 1797.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isaacson, R.J. An Investigation of Some of the Factors Involved in the Closure of the Secondary Palate. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leveille, G. The long-term effects of meal eating on lipogenesis enzyme activity and longevity in the rat. J. Nutr. 102: 549–556, 1972.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levine, H. and Halberg, F. Circadian rhythms of the circulatory system. Literature Review, Computerized Case Study of Transmeridian Flight and Medication Effects on a Mildly Hypertensive Subject. U.S. Air Force Report SAM-TR-72-3, p 64, April 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levine, H., Halberg, F., Sothern, R.B., Bartter, F.C, Meyer, W.J. and Delea, C.S. Circadian phase-shifting with and without geographic displacement. In: Biorhythms and Human Reproduction, Int. Inst. for the Study of Human Reproduction Conference Proceedings, M. Ferin, F. Halberg, R.M. Richart and R. Vande Wiele, eds. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, pp 557–574, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levine, H., Lakatua, D., Haus, E., Halberg, E. and Halberg, F. Interpersonal and intervariable differences in meal timing effects upon circadian rhythms in pulse, blood pressure and blood hormones of presumably healthy volunteers. Physiologist 18: 289, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lynch, H.J., Ozaki, Y., Shakal, D. and Wurtman, R.J. Melatonin excretion of man and rats: Effects of time of day, sleep, pinealectomy and food consumption. Int. J. Biometeor. 19: 267–279, 1975.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luce, G.G. Biological Rhythms in Psychiatry and Medicine, Public Health Services Publ. No. 2088, pp 1-183, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacDonnell, W.R. On the expectation of life in ancient Rome and in the provinces of Hispania, Lusitania and Africa. J. Biometrika 9: 366–380, 1913.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCay, C. Chemical aspects of aging and the effect of diet upon aging. In: Cowdry’s Problems of Aging, A. Lansing, ed. Williams and Wilkins Co., pp 139-202, 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, W.J., Delea, C.S., Levine, H., Halberg, F. and Bartter, F.C. A study of periodicity in a patient with hypertension: Relation of blood pressure, hormones and electrolytes. In: Chronobiology. Proc. Intl. Soc. for the Study of Biological Rhythms, Little Rock, Arkansas, L.E. Scheving, F. Halberg and J.E. Pauly, eds. Igaku Shoin, Ltd., Tokyo, pp 100–107, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moment, G.B. The Ponce de Leon Trail today. Bioscience, 623-628, October 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Montalbetti, N., Bonanomi, L. and Bonini, P. Il titmo circadiano della funzione glicocorticoidea surrenalica nell’eta senile. Gorsots. iM onore di Giuseppe pellegrini. Corsa A. Manzoni. Tipografia Viscontea, 335-347, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Montalbetti, N., Ghiringhelli, F., Bonini, P.A. and Bonanomi, L. Adrenal rhythms during human senescence. Acta. Endocr. Suppl. 119, 44, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pittendrigh, C. and Minis, D. Circadian systems: Longevity as a function of circadian resonance in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 69: 1539–1587, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinberg, A. and Halberg, F. Circadian chronopharmacology. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. 2: 455–492, 1971.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reinberg, A., Ghata, J., Halberg, F., Apfelbaum, M., Gervais, P., Boudon, P., Abulker, C. and Dupont, J. Treatment schedules modify circadian timing in human adrenocortical insufficiency. In: Chronobiology, Proc. Int. Soc. for the Study of Biological Rhythms, Little Rock, Arkansas, L.E. Scheving, F. Halberg and J.E. Pauly, eds. Igaku Shoin, Ltd., Tokyo, pp 168–173, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rollag, M.D. and Niswender, G.D. Radioimmunoassay of serum concentration of melatonin in sheep exposed to different lighting regimens. Endocrinology 98: 482–489, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, E. Lifespan and aging patterns. In: Biology of the Laboratory Mouse, E. Green, ed. McGraw Hill, Toronto and London, pp 511–519, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sacher, G. Molecular versus systemic theories of the genesis of aging. Exp. Geront. 3: 265–271, 1968.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Samis, H.V. Aging: The loss of temporal organization. Persp. Biol. Med. 12: 95–102, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheving, L.E., Rogg, C. III, Halberg, F., Pauly, J.E. and Hand, E.A. Circadian variations in residents of a senior citizens home. In: Chronobiology. Proc. Int. Soc. for the Study of Biological Rhythms, Little Rock, Arkansas, L.E. Scheving, F. Halberg and J.E. Pauly, eds. Igaku Shoin, Ltd., Tokyo, pp 353–357, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Serio, M., Piolanti, P., Cappelli, G., De Magistris, L., Ricci, F., Anazalone, M. and Guisti, G. The miscible pool and turnover rate of cortisol in the aged, and in relation to time of day. Exp. Geront. 4: 95–101, 1969.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Serio, M., Piolanti, P., Romano, S., De Magistris, L. and Guisti, G. The circadian rhythm of plasma cortisol in subjects over 70 years of age. J. Geront. 25: 95–97, 1970.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, H.W. and Halberg, F. Phase modulation in desynchronized human circadian adrenocortical cycle on 21-hour day simulating circumglobal travel (45° longitude/day). In: Endocrinology. Proc. Fourth Intl. Congress of Endocrinology, Washington, D.C., Int. Congress Series No. 273 (ISBN 90 219 0169 2), pp 229-232, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, H.W., Lobban, M.C. and Halberg, F. Near 24-hour rhythms in subjects living on a 21-hour routine in the arctic. Arctic Anthropology 7: 144–164, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, H.W., Bellamy, N., Bohlen, J. and Halberg, F.R. Double blind trial of a possible chronobiotic (Quiadon). Int. J. Chronobiol. 1: 287–311, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strehler, B. Time, Cells and Aging. Academic Press, New York, 270 pp, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanzj, P.L. Illustrazione e ristultati dell cronofarmacologia antiblastica nei tumori poomanari. Minerva Medica 67: 4173–4189, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanzj, P.L. Chronochimiotherapie antiblastique dans les cancers du poumon. XIVth International Congress of Therapeutics, Montpellier, France, p 29, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaughan, G.M., Pelham, R.W., Pang, S.F., Loughlin, L.L., Wilson, K.M., Sandock, K.L., Vaughan, M.K., Koslow, S.H. and Reither, R.J. Nocturnal elevation of plasma melatonin and urinary 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid in young men: Attempts at modification by brief changes in environmental lighting and sleep and by autonomic drugs. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 42: 752–764, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walford, R.L. The Immunologic Theory of Aging. Munksgaard, Copenhagen, 248 pp, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wax, T.M. and Goodrick, C.L. Voluntary exposure to light by young and aged albino and pigmented inbred mice as a function of light intensity. Developmental Psychology 8: 297–303, 1975.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Went, F. The periodic aspect of photoperiodism and thermoperiodicity. In: Photoperiodism and Related Phenomena in Plants and Animals, R. Withrow, ed. A.A.A.S., Washington, D.C., pp 551–564, 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yunis, E.J. and Greenberg, L.J. The immunopathology of aging. Fed. Proc. 33: 2017–2019, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yunis, E.J., Halberg, F., McMullen, A., Roitman, B. and Fernandes, G. Model studies of aging, genetics and stable changing living routines simulated by lighting regimen manipulation on the mouse. Int. J. Chronobiol. 1: 368–369, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yunis, E.J., Fernandes, G., Nelson, W. and Halberg, F. Circadian temperature rhythms and aging in rodents. In: Chronobiology. Proc. Int. Soc. for the Study of Biological Rhythms, Little Rock, Arkansas, L.E. Scheving, F. Halberg and J.E. Pauly, eds. Igaku Shoin, Ltd., Tokyo, pp 358–363, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1978 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Halberg, F., Nelson, W. (1978). Chronobiologic Optimization of Aging. In: Samis, H.V., Capobianco, S. (eds) Aging and Biological Rhythms. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, vol 108. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4460-6_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4460-6_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-4462-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-4460-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics