Skip to main content

Induced Chromosomal Aberrations in Man

  • Chapter
Advances in Human Genetics

Part of the book series: Advances in Human Genetics ((AHUG,volume 3))

Abstract

It has become increasingly clear in recent years that a multiplicity of chemical and physical agents to which man is exposed are capable of damaging his chromosomes. The effects of many such agents on human somatic cell chromosomes have now been well documented, albeit not without occasional controversy over the interpretation and implications of the data. While the biological and clinical significance of chromosomal aberrations are not as yet well understood, recent epidemiological evidence, from mutagen-exposed human populations, and recent experiments on viral-induced transformation of chromosomally abnormal cells suggest an association between chromosome aberrations and oncogenesis.

The recent original work of the author reported in this review was supported by grants from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH-I-PO1-GM-15419-04) and the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AT-11-1-1552). The studies at the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission in Hiroshima and Nagasaki were supported by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and the Japanese National Institute of Health. The literature here selectively reviewed is through May 1971.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

  1. Aaronson, S. A., and G. J. Todaro, SV40 T antigen induction and transformation in human fibroblast cell strains, Virology 36: 254 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Abdullah, S., and O. J. Miller, Effect of drugs on nucleic acid synthesis and cell division in vitro, Dis. Nerv. Syst. 29: 829 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Ahnström, H., and A. T. Natarajan, Mechanism of chromosome breakage—a new theory, Hereditas 54: 379 (1966).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Albert, R. E., A. R. Omran, E. W. Brauer, D. C. Dove, N. C. Cohen, H. Schmidt, R. Baumring, S. Morrill, R. Schultz, and R. L. Baer, Follow-up study of patients treated by X-ray for Tinea Capitis, Amer. J. Pub. Health 56: 2114 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Alexander, G. J., G. M. Gold, B. E. Miles, and R. B. Alexander, Lysergic acid diethylamide intake in pregnancy: fetal damage in rats, J. Pharm. Exp. Ther. 173: 48 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Alexander, G. J., B. E. Miles, G. M. Gold, and R. B. Alexander, Injection early in pregnancy produces abnormalities in offspring of rats, Science 157: 459 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Allison, A. C., and G. R. Paton, Chromosome damage in human diploid cells following activation of lysosomal enzymes, Nature 207: 1170 (1965).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Alvarez, H. Diagnosis of hydatidiform mole by transabdominal placental biopsy, Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 95: 538 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Arends, T., G. Brewer, N. Chagnon, M. L. Gallango, H. Gershowitz, M. Layrisse, J. V. Neel, D. Shreffler, R. E. Tashian, and L. Weitkamp, Intratribal genetic differentiation among the Yanomama Indians of Southern Venezuela, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 57: 1252 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Assemany, S. R., R. L. Neu, and L. I. Gardner, Deformities in a child whose mother took LSD, Lancet 1: 1290 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Auerbach, R., and J. Rugowski, Lysergic acid diethylamide: effect on embryos, Science 157: 1325 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Aula, P. Chromosome breakage in leukocytes of chickenpox patients, Hereditas 49: 451 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Aula, P., Virus associated chromosome breakage: a cytogenetic study of chickenpox, measles, and mumps patients out of cell cultures infected with measles virus, Ann. Acad. Sci. Fennicae Series A IV 89: 1 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Aula, P. and W. W. Nichols, The cytogenetic effects of Mycoplasma in human leukocyte cultures, J. Cellular Physiol. 70: 281 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Aula, P., and W. W. Nichols, Lysosomes and virus induced chromosome breakage, Exp. Cell Res. 51: 595 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Auxier, J. A., J. S. Cheka, F. F. Haywood, T. D. Jones, J. H. Thorngate, Free-field radiation-dose distributions from the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings, Health Physics 12: 425 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Awa, A., and A. D. Bloom, Cytogenetics at the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission: report of a symposium, Jap. J. Human Genet. 12: 69 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Awa, A. A., A. D. Bloom, M. C. Yoshida, S. Neriishi, and P. G. Archer, Cyto- genetic study of the offspring of atom-bomb survivors, Nature 218: 367 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Awa, A. A., S. Neriishi, T. Sofuni, T. Matsui, H. Okada, and H. B. Hamilton, On the frequency of aberrant karyotypes in Hiroshima and Nagasaki populations, Abstract, Japanese Society of Human Genetics, Tokyo (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Awa, A. A., S. Neriishi, T. Honda, M. C. Yoshida, T. Sofuni, and T. Matsui, Dose-chromosome aberration relation in cultured blood cells of A-bomb survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki: A preliminary report, Abstract, 4th International Congress of Radiation Research, Evian, France (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  21. Bachman, R. Chromatid breaks, N. Eng. J. Med. 277: 492 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Bacq, Z. M., and P. Alexander, in “Fundamentals of Radiobiology,” Pergamon Press, New York (1961), p. 263.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Bauer, K. H., Mutationstheorie der Geschwulst-Entstehung; Übergang von Körperzellen in Geschwulstzellen durch Gen-Änderung, Berlin: Springer Verlag (1928).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  24. Bell, S., and S. Wolff, Studies on the mechanism of the effect of fluoro-deoxyuridine on chromosomes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 51: 195 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Bender, L., and D. V. S. Sankar, Chromosome damage not found in leukocytes of children treated with LSD-25, Science 159: 749 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Bender, M. A., Chromosome breakage in vitro, in “Mammalian Cytogenetics and Related Problems in Radiobiology,” (C. Pavan, C. Chagas, O. Frota-Pessoa, and L. R. Caldas, eds.), The Macmillan Company, New York (1964), p. 87.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Bender, M. A., Chromosome aberrations in irradiated human subjects, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 114: 249 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Bender, M. A., and M. A. Barcinski, Kinetics of two-break aberration production by X-rays in human leukocytes, Cytogenetics 8: 241 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Bender, M. A., and P. C. Gooch, Somatic chromosome aberrations in normal and irradiated humans, Rad. Res. 14: 451 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Bender, M. A., and P. C. Gooch, Persistent chromosome aberrations in irradiated human subjects, Rad. Res. 16: 44 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Bender, M. A., and P. C. Gooch, Types and rates of X-ray-induced chromosome aberrations in human blood, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 48: 522 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Bender, M. A., and P. C. Gooch, Persistent chromosome aberrations in irradiated human subjects. II. Three and one-half year investigation, Rad. Res. 18: 389 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Bender, M. A., and P. C. Gooch, Somatic chromosome aberrations induced by human whole-body irradiation: the “recuplex” criticality accident, Rad. Res. 29: 568 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Bender, M. A., P. C. Gooch, and D. M. Prescott, Aberrations induced in human leukocyte chromosomes by 3H-labeled nucleosides, Cytogenetics 1: 65 (1962).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Bender, M. A., and M. A. Kastenbaum, Statistical analysis of the normal human karyotype, Amer. J. Human Genet. 21: 322 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Bender, M. A., and D. M. Prescott, DNA synthesis and mitosis in cultures of human peripheral leukocytes, Exp. Cell Res. 27: 221 (1962).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Bender, M. A., and S. Wolff, X-ray induced chromosome aberrations and reproductive death in mammalian cells, Amer. Nat. 95: 39 (1961).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Benjamin, T. L., Virus specific RNA in cells productively infected or transformed by polyoma virus, J. Mol. Biol. 16: 359 (1966).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Berger, R., Chromosomes et leucémies humaines. La notion d’évolution clonale, Ann. Genet. 8: 70 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Bergsma, D. (ed.), Chicago Conference: Standardization in Human Cytogenetics, spons. by The National Foundation-March of Dimes, Birth Defects: Original Article Series 2: 1 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  41. Berwald, Y., and L. Sachs, In vitro cell transformation with chemical carcinogens, Nature 200: 1182 (1963).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Bizzozero, O. J., K. G. Johnson, and A. Ciocco, Radiation-related leukemia in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1946–1964, New Engl. J. Med. 274: 1095 (1966).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Black, P. H., Transformation of mouse cell line 3T3 by SV40: dose response relationship and correlation with SV40 tumor antigen production, Virology 28: 760 (1966).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Black, P. H., The oncogenic DNA viruses: a review of in vitro transformation studies, Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 22: 391 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Black, P. H., W. P. Rowe, and H. L. Cooper, An analysis of SV40 induced transformation of hamster kidney tissue in vitro. II. Studies of the clones derived from a continuous line of transformed cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 50: 847 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Bloom, A. D., Human chromosomes and diagnostic X-rays, Internal Medicine Digest 1: 43 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  47. Bloom, A. D., Cytogenetic effects of low dose, internal and external radiations, in “Medical Radionuclides: Radiation Dose and Effects” (R. J. Cloutier, C. L. Edwards, and W. S. Snyder, eds.), U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Oak Ridge (1970), p. 425.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Bloom, A. D., Discussion of genetic and cytogenetic effects of radiation, in “Effects of Radiation,” (R. M. Fry, D. Grahn, M. L. Griem, and J. Rust, eds.), Taylor and Francis, Ltd., London (1970), p. 165.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Bloom, A. D., Chromosome breakage, in “Perspectives in Cytogenetics-The 1970 Colorado Springs Symposium,” (S. Wright and P. Gerald, eds.), U.S. Government Printing Office (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  50. Bloom, A. D., P. G. Archer, and A. A. Awa, Variation in the human chromosome number, Nature 216: 487 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Bloom, A. D., A. A. Awa, S. Neriishi, T. Honda, and P. G. Archer, Chromosome aberrations in leukocytes of older survivors of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Lancet 2: 802 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Bloom, A. D., K. W. Choi, and B. J. Lamb, Immunoglobulin production by human lymphocytoid lines and clones: absence of genic exclusion, Science 172: 382 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Bloom, A. D., and S. Iida, Two-day leukocyte cultures for human chromosome studies, Jap. J. Hum. Genet. 12: 38 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  54. Bloom, A. D., Y. Nakagome, A. A. Awa, and S. Neriishi, Chromosome aberrations and malignant disease among A-bomb survivors, Amer. J. Pub. Health 60: 641 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Bloom, A. D., J. V. Neel, K. W. Choi, S. Iida, and N. Chagnon, Chromosome aberrations among the Yanomama Indians, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S., 66: 920 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Bloom, A. D., S. Neriishi, and P. G. Archer, Cytogenetics of the in utero exposed of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Lancet 2: 10 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Bloom, A. D., S. Neriishi, N. Kamada, T. Iseki, and R. J. Keehn, Cytogenetic investigation of survivors of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Lancet 2: 672 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Bloom, A. D., S. Neriishi, N. Kamada, and T. Iseki, Leukocyte chromosome studies of adult and in utero exposed survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, in “Human Radiation Cytogenetics,” (H. J. Evans, W. M. Court Brown, and A. S. McLean, eds.), North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam (1967), p. 136.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Bloom, A. D., and J. H. Tijio, In vivo effects of diagnostic X-irradiation on human chromosomes, New Engl. J. Med. 270: 1341 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Bloom, A. D., M. Tsuchioka, and T. Wajima, Lactic dehydrogenase and metabolism of human leukocytes in vitro, Science 156: 979 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Bloom, G. E., S. Warner, P. S. Gerald, and L. K. Diamond, Chromosome abnormalities in constitutional aplastic anemia, New Engl. J. Med. 274: 8 (1966).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Boveri, T., “The origin of malignant tumors,” translated by M. Boveri, Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore (1929).

    Google Scholar 

  63. Boyd, J. T., W. M. Court Brown, J. Vennart, and G. E. Woodcock, Chromosome studies on women formerly employed as luminous-dial painters, Brit. Med. J. 1: 377 (1966).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Brewen, J. G., X-ray induced chromosome aberrations in the corneal epithelium of the Chinese hamster, Science 138: 820 (1962).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Brewen, J. G., The induction of chromatid lesions by cytosine arabinoside in postDNA-synthetic human leukocytes, Cytogenetics 4: 28 (1965).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Brewen, J. G., and N. T. Christie, Studies on the induction of chromosomal aberrations in human leukocytes by cytosine arabinoside, Exp. Cell Res. 46: 276 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Brinkley, B. R., and M. W. Shaw, Ultrastructural aspects of chromosome damage, in “Genetic Concepts and Neoplasia,” Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore (1970), pp. 313–345.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Broder, S. W., P. R. Glade, and K. Hirschhorn, Establishment of long-term lines from small aliquots of normal human lymphocytes, Blood 35: 539 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Broder, S. W., P. R. Glade, H. L. Hodes, and K. Hirschhorn, Establishment of lymphoid cell lines from peripheral blood of normal individuals with phytohemagglutinin, Fed. Proc. 29: 369 abs (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  70. Browning, L. S., The mutational spectrum produced in Drosophila by N-methylN’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, Mutat. Res. 8: 157 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Buckton, K. E., W. M. Cort Brown, and P. G. Smith, Lymphocyte survival in men treated with X-rays for ankylosing spondylitis, Nature 214: 470 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Buckton, K. E., G. W. Dolphin, and A. S. McLean, Studies of chromosome aberrations in cultures of peripheral blood from men employed at UKAEA establishments, in “Human Radiation Cytogenetics” (H. J. Evans, W. M. Court Brown, and A. S. McLean, eds.), North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam (1967), p. 174.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Buckton, K. E., P. A. Jacobs, W. M. Court Brown, and R. Doll, A study of the chromosome damage persisting after X-ray therapy for ankylosing spondylitis, Lancet 2: 676 (1962).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Buckton, K. E., A. O. Langlands, P. G. Smith, and J. McLelland, Chromosome aberrations following partial-and whole-body X-irradiation in man Dose-response relationships, in “Human Radiation Cytogenetics” (H. J. Evans, W. M. Court Brown, and A. S. McLean, eds.), North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam (1967), p. 122.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Buckton, K. E., A. O. Langlands, and G. E. Woodcock, Cytogenetic changes following thorotrast administration, Int. J. Radial. Biol. 12: 565 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Buckton, K. E., and M. C. Pike, Chromosome investigations on lymphocytes from irradiated patients: effect of time in culture, Nature 202: 714 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Buckton, K. E., and M. C. Pike, Time in culture-an important variable in studying in vivo radiation-induced chromosome damage in man, Int. J. Rad. Biol. 8: 439 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Buckton, K. E., P. G. Smith, and W. M. Court Brown, The estimation of lymphocyte lifespan from studies on males treated with X-rays for ankylosing spondylitis, in “Human Radiation Cytogenetics” (H. J. Evans, W. M. Court Brown, and A. S. McLean, eds.), North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam (1967), p. 106.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Burdette, W. J., and J. S. Yoon, Mutations, chromosomal aberrations, and tumors in insects treated with oncogenic virus, Science 155: 340 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Burnett, F. M., Measles as an index of immunological tolerance, Lancet 2: 610 (1968).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Cantell, K., E. Saksela, and P. Aula, Virological studies on chromosome damage of HeLa cells induced by myxoviruses, Ann. Med. Exp. Biol. Fennicae 44: 255 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Cantolino, S. J., R. D. Schmickel, M. Ball, and C. F. Cisar, Persistent chromosomal aberrations following radioiodine therapy for thyrotoxicosis, New Engl. J. Med. 275: 739 (1966).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Carakushansky, G., R. L. Neu, and L. I. Gardner, Lysergide and cannabis as possible teratogens in man, Lancet 1: 150 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Carr, D. H., Chromosome anomalies as a cause of spontaneous abortion, Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 97: 283 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Cassingena, R., and P. Tournier, Mise en evidence d’un “répresseur” spécifique dans des cellules d’espèces différentes transformées par le virus SV40, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 267: 2251 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Cassingena, R., P. Tournier, S. Estrade, and M. Bourali, Blocage de l’action du “répresseur” du virus SV40 par un facteur constitutif des cellules permissives pour ce virus, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 269: 261 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Cassingena, R. P. Tournier, E. May, S. Estrade, and M. Bourali, Synthèse du “répresseur” du virus SV40 dans l’infection productive et abortive, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 268: 2834 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  88. Castleman, K. R., and A. J. Welch, Match recognition in chromosome band structure, Biomed. Sci. Instrum. 4: 256 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Catcheside, D. G., D. E. Lea, and J. M. Thoday, Types of chromosome structural changes induced by the irradiation of Tradescantia microspores, J. Genet. 47: 113 (1946).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Choi, K. W., and A. D. Bloom, Cloning human lymphocytes in vitro, Nature 227: 171 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Choi, K. W., and A. D. Bloom, Biochemically marked lymphocytoid lines: establishment of Lesch-Nyhan cells, Science 170: 89 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Chu, E. H. Y., and N. H. Giles, Human chromosome complements in normal somatic cells in culture, Amer. J. Human Genet. 11: 63 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Chu, E. H. Y., N. H. Giles, and K. Passano, Types and frequencies of human chromosome aberrations induced by X-rays, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 47: 830 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Cleaver, J. E., Defective repair replication of DNA in xeroderma pigmentosum, Nature 218: 652 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Cohen, M. M., and A. D. Bloom, Monitoring for chromosomal abnormality in man, in “Monitoring, Birth Defects, and Environment: The Problem of Surveillance” (I. Porter and E. B. Hook, eds.), Academic Press, New York (1971), p. 249.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Cohen, M. M., and R. Hirschhorn, Lysosomal and non-lysosomal factors in chemically induced chromosome breakage, Exp. Cell Res. 64: 209 (1971).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Cohen, M. M., R. Hirschhorn, and A. I. Freeman, Mechanisms of chemically induced chromosome abnormalities, in “Genetic Concepts and Neoplasia,” A collection of papers presented at the 23rd Annual Symposium on Fundamental Cancer Research, M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore (1970), p. 228.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Cohen, M., K. Hirschhorn, and W. Frosch, In vivo and in vitro chromosome damage induced by LSD-25, New Engl. J. Med. 227: 1043 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Cohen, M. M., K. Hirschhorn, and W. A. Frosch, Cytogenetic effect of tranquilizing drugs in vivo and in vitro, JAMA 207: 2425 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Cohen, M. M., K. Hirschhorn, S. Verbo, W. A. Frosch, and M. M. Groeschel, The effect of LSD-25 on the chromosomes of children exposed in utero, Pediatric Res. 2: 486 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Cohen, M. M., M. J. Marinello, N. Back, Chromosomal damage in human leukocytes induced by lysergic acid diethylamide, Science 155: 1417 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Cohen, M. M., and A. B. Mukherjee, Meiotic chromosome damage induced by LSD-25, Nature 219: 1072 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Conen, P. E., A. G. Bell, and N. Aspin, Chromosomal aberration in infant following use of diagnostic X-rays, Pediatrics 31: 72 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  104. Court Brown, W. M., “Human Population Cytogenetics,” North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam (1967), p. 3.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Court Brown, W. M., K. E. Buckton, P. A. Jacobs, and I. M. Tough, “Chromosome Studies on Adults,” Eugenic Laboratory Memoirs Series XLII, Cambridge Univ. Press, London (1966), p. 91.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Court Brown, W. M., K. E. Buckton, A. O. Langlands, and G. E. Woodcock, The identification of lymphocyte clones, with chromosome structural aberrations, in irradiated men and women, Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 13: 155 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  107. Court Brown, W. M., K. E. Buckton, and A. S. McLean, Quantitative studies of chromosome aberrations in man following acute and chronic exposure to X-rays and gamma rays, Lancet 1: 1239 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  108. Court Brown, W. M., and R. Doll, Mortality from cancer and other causes after radiotherapy for ankylosing spondylitis, Brit. Med. J. 2: 1327 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  109. Court Brown, W. M., P. A. Jacobs, and I. M. Tough, Some types of information obtainable from chromosome studies on defined population groups, in “Human Radiation Cytogenetics” (H. J. Evans, W. M. Court Brown, and A. S. McLean, eds.), North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam (1967), p. 115.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Crow, J. F., Human population monitoring, in “Chemical Mutagens-Principles and Methods for Their Detection” (A. Hollaender, ed.), Plenum Press, New York (1971), p. 591.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Dameshek, W., Alpha-methyldopa red cell antibody: cross-reaction or forbidden clones? New Engl. J. Med. 276: 1382 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  112. De Duve, C., and H. Beaufay, Tissue fractionation studies 10. Influence of ischaemia on the state of some bound enzymes in the rat liver, Biochem. J. 73: 610 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  113. Defendi, V., and F. Jensen, Oncogenicity by DNA tumor viruses: enhancement after ultraviolet and cobalt-60 radiation, Science 157: 703 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Dekaban, A., Persisting clone of cells with abnormal chromosome in a woman previously irradiated, J. Nuc. Med. 6: 740 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Dishotsky, N. I., W. D. Loughman, R. E. Mogar, and W. R. Lipscomb, LSD and genetic damage, Science 172: 431 (1971).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Doida, Y., T. Sugahara, and M. Horikawa, Studies on some radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in man, Rad. Res. 26: 69 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Dorrance, D., O. Janiger, and R. L. Teplitz, In vivo effects of illicit hallucinogens on human lymphocyte chromosomes, JAMA 212: 1488 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Dulbecco, R., Transformation of cells in vitro by viruses, Science 142: 932 (1963).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Dulbecco, R., Viruses in carcinogenesis, Ann. Intern. Med. 70: 1019 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Edwards, J. H., and R. B. Young, Chromosome analysis from small volumes of blood, Lancet 2: 48 (1961).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  121. Egozcue, J., S. Irwin, and C. A. Maruffo, Chromosomal damage in LSD users, DAMA 204: 214 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Eller, J. L., and J. M. Morton, Bizarre deformities in offspring of user of lysergic acid diethylamide, New Engl. J. Med. 283: 395 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Epstein, M. A., B. G. Achong, and Y. M. Barr, Virus particles in cultured lymphoblasts from Burkitt’s lymphoma, Lancet 1: 702 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Eridani, S., R. Valentin, A. Giangan, and G. Ponti, Cell culture reactivity of human lymphocytes to pokeweed mitogen in comparison to PHA. Int. A. Aller. 35: 270 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Evans, H. J., Chromosome aberrations induced by ionizing radiations, Inter. Rev. Cytol. 13: 221 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Evans, H. J., Simple microtechnique for obtaining human chromosome preparations with some comments on DNA replication in sex chromosomes of the goat, cow, and pig, Exp. Cell Res. 38: 511 (1965).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Evans, H. J., Dose-response relations from in vitro studies, in “Human Radiation Cytogenetics” (H. J. Evans, W. M. Court Brown, and A. S. McLean, eds.), North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam (1967), p. 20.

    Google Scholar 

  128. Evans, H. J., and D. Scott, Influence of DNA synthesis on the production of chromatid aberrations by X-rays and maleic hydrazide in Vicia faba, Genetics 49: 17 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Evans, H. J., and D. Scott, The induction of chromosomal aberrations by nitrogen mustard and its dependence on DNA synthesis, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) Ser. B 173: 491 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  130. Fialkow, P. J. Immunologic oncogenesis, Blood 30: 388 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  131. Fischer, P., E. Golob, E. Kunze-Muehl, and T. Muellner, Chromosome aberrations in persons with thorium dioxide burdens, in “Human Radiation Cytogenetics” (H. J. Evans, W. M. Court Brown, and A. S. McLean, eds.), North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam (1967), p. 194.

    Google Scholar 

  132. Fischer, P., E. Golob, E. Kunze-Müehl, A. Ben Haim, R. A. Dudley, T. Milliner, R. M. Parr, and H. Vetter, Chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood cells in man following chronic irradiation from internal deposits of thorotrast, Rad. Res. 29: 505 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Fischer, P. Golob, and T. Kunze-Mullner, Chromosome aberrations in thorium dioxide patients, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 145: 759 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  134. Fitzgerald, P. H., The immunological role and long life-span of small lymphocytes, J. Theoret. Biol. 6: 13 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Fitzgerald, P. H., The life-span and role of the small lymphocyte, in “Human Radiation Cytogenetics” (H. J. Evans, W. M. Court Brown, and A. S. McLean, eds.), North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam (1967), p. 14.

    Google Scholar 

  136. Fitzgerald, P. H., and J. R. E. Dobson, Radiomimetic properties of LSD, New Engl. J. Med. 278: 1404 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Fogh, J., and H. Fogh, Chromosome changes in PPLO-infected FL human amnion cells, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 119: 233 (1965).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Foley, G. E., H. Lazarus, S. Farber, B. Uzman, B. Boone, and R. McCarthy, Continuous culture of human lymphoblasts from peripheral blood of a child with acute leukemia, Cancer 18: 522 (1965).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Fraccaro, M., A. Mannini, L. Tiepolo, and C. Lara, High frequency of spontaneous recurrent chromosome breakage in an untreated human tumor, Mut. Res. 2: 559 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Francis, T., S. Jablon, and F. E. Moore, Report of ad hoc committee for appraisal of ABCC program, ABCC Technical Report Series, No. 33–59 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  141. Freed, J. J., and S. A. Schatz, Chromosome aberration in cultured cells deprived of essential amino acids, Exp. Cell Res. 55: 393 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Fried, M., Cell-transforming ability of a temperature sensitive mutant of polyoma virus, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 53: 486 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Gallus, G., and P. W. Neurath, Improved computer chromosome analysis incorporating preprocessing and boundary analysis, Phys. Med. Biol. 15: 435 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Geber, W. F., Congenital malformations induced by mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide and bromolysergic acid diethylamide in the hamster, Science 158: 265 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Genest, C., Ring chromosome and partial translocation in the same cell, Lancet 1: 1426 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  146. Gerber, P., J. Whang-Peng, and J. H. Monroe, Transformation and chromosome changes induced by Epstein-Barr virus in normal human leukocyte cultures, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 63: 740 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  147. German, J., and R. Archibald, Chromosome breakage in a rare and probably genetically determined syndrome of man, Science 148: 506 (1965).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. German, J. and L. Pugliatti Crippa, Chromosome breakage in diploid cell lines from Bloom’s syndrome and Fanconi’s anemia, Ann. Genet. 9: 143 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  149. Gershon, D., P. Hausen, L. Sachs, and E. Winocour, On the mechanism of polyoma virus-induced synthesis of cellular DNA, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 54: 1584 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Gichner, T., A. Michaelis, and R. Rieger, Radiomimetic effects of 1-methyl-3-nitro1-nitrosoguanidine in Vicia faba, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 11: 120 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Gilmour, D. G., A. D. Bloom, K. P. Lele, E. S. Robbins, and C. Maximilian, Chromosomal aberrations in users of psychoactive drugs, Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 24: 268 (1971).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Glade, P. R., J. A. Kasel, H. L. Moses, J. Whang-Peng, P. F. Hoffman, J. K. Kammermeyer, and L. N. Chessin, Infectious mononucleosis: continuous suspension culture of peripheral blood leukocytes, Nature 217: 564 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Goh, K., Smaller G chromosome in irradiated man, Lancet 1: 659 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  154. Goh, K., Total-body irradiation and human chromosomes: cytogenetic studies of the peripheral blood and bone marrow leukocytes seven years after total-body irradiation, Rad. Res. 35: 155 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Goh, K. O., and H. Sumner, Breaks in normal human chromosomes: are they induced by a transferrable substance in the plasma of persons exposed to total-body irradiation? Rad. Res. 35: 171 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Gooch, P. C., and C. L. Fischer, High frequency of a specific chromosome abnormality in leukocytes of a normal female, Cytogenetics 8: 1 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Grace, D., E. A. Carlson, and P. Goodman, Drosophila melanogaster treated with LSD: absence of mutation and chromosome breakage, Science 161: 694 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Green, M., Biosynthetic modifications induced by DNA animal viruses, Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 20: 189 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Green, M., Oncogenic viruses, Ann. Rev. Biochem. 39: 701 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Green, M., K. Fujinaga, and M. Pina, Use of DNA-DNA and DNA-RNA hybridization on nitrocellulose membranes in virus research, in “Fundamental Techniques in Virology” (K. Habel and N. Salzman, eds.), Academic Press, New York (1969), p. 467.

    Google Scholar 

  161. Gropp, A., A. Jussen, and K. Ofteringer, Multiple congenital anomalies associated with a partially ring-shaped chromosome probably derived from chromosome no. 18 in man, Nature 202: 829 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. Grouchy, J. de, Chromosome 17–18 en anneau et malformations congénitales chez une fille, Ann. Genet. 7: 17 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  163. Grouchy, J. de, A. Herrault, and J. Cohen-Solal, Une observation de chromosome 18 en anneau, Ann. Genet. 11: 33 (1968).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  164. Habel, K., Resistance of polyoma virus immune animals to transplanted polyoma tumors, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 106: 722 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Hampar, B., and S. A. Ellison, Chromosomal aberrations induced by an animal virus, Nature 192: 145 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Harnden, D. G., A human skin culture technique used for cytological examinations, Brit. J. Exp. Pathol. 41: 31 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Harnden, D. G., Cytogenetic studies on patients with virus infections and subjects vaccinated against yellow fever, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 16: 204 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Hauschka, T. S., and A. Levan, Cytologic and functional characterization of single cell clones isolated from the Krebs-2 and Ehrlich Ascites tumors, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. U.S. 21: 77 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Hayflick, L., The limited in vitro lifetime of human diploid cell strains, Exp. Cell Res. 37: 614 (1965).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Hecht, F., R. K. Beals, M. H. Lees, H. Jolly, P. Roberts, Lysergic-acid-diethylamide and cannabis as possible teratogens in man, Lancet 2: 1087 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Hecht, F., R. D. Kiler, D. A. Rigas, G. S. Dahnke, M. P. Case, V. Tisdale, and R. W. Miller, Leukemia and lymphocytes in ataxia telangiectasia, Lancet 2: 1193 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  172. Heddle, J. A., H. J. Evans, and D. Scott, Sampling time and the complexity of the human leukocyte culture system, in “Human Radiation cytogenetics” (H. J. Evans

    Google Scholar 

  173. W. M. Court Brown, and A. S. McLean, eds.), North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam (1967), p. 6.

    Google Scholar 

  174. Heneen, W. K., and W. W. Nichols, Persistence of nucleoli in short and longterm cultures and in direct bone marrow preparations in mammalian materials, J. Cell Biot. 31: 543 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Hirschhorn, K., and N. Bloch-Shtacher, Transformation of genetically abnormal cells, in “Genetic Concepts and Neoplasia,” Proc. 23rd Ann. Symposium Fundamental Concepts of Cancer, Houston (1969), p. 191.

    Google Scholar 

  176. Hirschhorn, K., and M. Cohen, Induced chromosomal aberrations with special reference to man, in “Comparative Mammalian Cytogenetics” (K. Benirschke, ed.), Springer; New York (1969), p. 4a.

    Google Scholar 

  177. Hollowell, J. G., and L. G. Littlefield, Chromosome aberrations induced by plasma from irradiated patients, J. S. C. Med. Assoc. 63: 437 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  178. Honda, T., A. D. Bloom, and S. Neriishi, Chromosome aberrations among A-bomb survivors: relation to radiation dose and culture time, Proc. XII Intl. Cong. Genet. Tokyo, 1968 (1968), p. 207.

    Google Scholar 

  179. Honda, T., N. Kamada, and A. D. Bloom, Chromosome aberrations and culture time, Cytogenetics 8: 117 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. a. Howard, P. A. D. Bloom, and R. S. Krooth, Chromosomal aberrations induced by N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in mammalian cells, In Vitro, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  181. Hsu, L. Y., L. Strauss, and K. Hirschhorn, Chromosome abnormality in offspring of LSD user, JAMA 211: 987 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. Hsu, T. C., and G. K. Manna, High frequency of chromatid breaks in two in vitro cell populations, Amer. Nat. 93: 207 (1959).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  183. Hsu, T. C., and C. E. Somers, Effect of 5-bromodeoxyuridine on mammalian chromosomes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 47: 396 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. Hultén, M., J. Lindsten, L. Lidberg, and H. Ekelund, Studies on mitotic and meiotic

    Google Scholar 

  185. chromosomes in subjects exposed to LSD, Ann. Genet. 11: 201 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  186. a. “Human Population Cytogenetics,” Pfizer Medical Monographs 5 (P. A. Jacobs

    Google Scholar 

  187. W. H. Price, and F. Law, eds.), Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  188. Humphrey, R. M., and B. R. Brinkley, Ultrastructural studies of radiation-induced chromosome damage, J. Cell Biol. 42: 745 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  189. Hungerford, D. A., Leukocytes cultured from small inocula of whole blood and the preparation of metaphase chromosomes by treatment with hypotonic KC1, Stain Technol. 40: 333 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. Hungerford, D. A., K. M. Taylor, C. Shagass, G. U. LaBadie, G. B. Balaban, and G. R. Paton, Cytogenetic effects of LSD-25 therapy in man, JAMA 206: 2287 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  191. Imamura, T., and G. E. Moore, Ability of human hematopoietic cell lines to form colonies in soft agar, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 128: 1179 (1968).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  192. Irwin, S., and J. Egozcue, Chromosomal abnormalities in leukocytes from LSD-25 users, Science 157: 313 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. Ishihara, T., and T. Kumatori, Chromosome aberrations in human leukocytes irradiated in vivo and in vitro, Acta Haem. Jap. 28: 291 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. Ishihara, T., and T. Kumatori, Chromosome studies on Japanese exposed to radiation resulting from nuclear bomb explosions, in “Human Radiation Cytogenetics” (H. J. Evans, W. M. Court Brown, and A. S. McLean, eds.), North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam (1967), p. 144.

    Google Scholar 

  195. Jablon, S., and H. Kato, Childhood cancer in relation to prenatal exposure to A-bomb radiation, Lancet 2: 1000 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. Jablon, S., and H. Kato, Sex ratio in offspring of survivors exposed prenatally to the atomic bombs, ABCC Technical Report Series, No. 24–70 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  197. Jablon, S., K. Tachikawa, J. L. Belsky, and A. Steer, Cancer in Japanese exposed as children to atomic bombs, Lancet 1: 927 (1971).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  198. Jacobs, P. A., M. Brunton, and W. M. Court Brown, Change of human chromosome count distributions with age: evidence for a sex difference, Nature 197: 1080 (1963).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  199. Jacobs, P. A., M. Brunton, and W. M. Court Brown, Cytogenetic studies in leucocytes on the general population: subjects of ages 65 years and more, Ann. Hum. Genet. 27: 353 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  200. Jacobs, P. A., and W. M. Court Brown, Distribution of human chromosome counts in relation to age, Nature 191: 1178 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  201. Jagiello, G., and P. E. Polani, Mouse germ cells and LSD-25, Cytogenetics 8: 136 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  202. Jarvik, L. F., and T. Kato, Is lysergic acid a teratogen, Lancet 1: 250 (1968).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  203. Jarvik, L. F., and T. Kato, Chromosome examinations in aged twins, Amer. J. Human Genet. 22: 562 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  204. Jarvik, L. F., T. Kato, B. Saunders, and E. Moralishvili, LSD and human chromosomes, in “Psychopharmacology - A Review of Progress 1957–1967” (D. H. Efron, ed.), U.S. Pub. Health Serv. Pub. No. 1836, US. Dept. Health Educ. Welfare (1968), p. 1247.

    Google Scholar 

  205. Jensen, F. C., A. J. Girardi, R. V. Gilden, and H. Koprowski, Infection of human and simian tissue cultures with Rous sarcoma virus, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 52: 53 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  206. Judd, L. L., W. W. Brandkamp, and W. H. McGlothlin, Comparison of the chromosomal patterns obtained from groups of continued users, former users, and nonusers of LSD-25, Amer. J. Psychiat. 126: 626 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  207. Kao, F. T., and T. T. Puck, Genetics of somatic mammalian cells. IX. Quantitation of mutagenesis by physical and chemical agents, J. Cell Physiol. 74: 245 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  208. Kato, R., Chromosome breakage induced by a carcinogenic hydrocarbon in Chinese hamster cells and human leukocytes in vitro, Hereditas 59: 120 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  209. Kato, T., L. F. Jarvik, L. Roizin, and E. Moralishvili, Chromosome studies in pregnant Rhesus macaque given LSD-25, Dis. Nerv. Sys. 31: 245 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  210. Kato, T., and L. F. Jarvik. LSD-25 and genetic damage, Dis. Nerv. Syst. 30: 42 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  211. Kato, H., and R. J. Keehn, Mortality in live-born children who were in utero at time of the atomic bomb, Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission Tech. Rept. Series No. 13–66: 1 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  212. Kaul, B. L., The effect of some treatment conditions on the radiomimetic activity of 1-methyl-3-nitrosoguanidine in plants, Mutat. Res. 7: 43 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  213. Kelly, F., and M. Legator, Effect of N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine on the cell cycle and chromosomes of human embryonic lung cells. Mutat. Res. 10: 237 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  214. Kihlman, B. A., Biochemical aspects of chromosome breakage, Adv. Genet. 10: 1 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  215. Kihlman; B. A., The production of chromatid aberrations by 5-fluorodeoxyuridine alone and in combination with X-rays and 8-ethoxycaffeine, Carylogia 15: 261 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  216. Kihlman, B. A., W. W. Nichols, and A. Levan, The effect of deoxyadenosine and cytosine arabinoside on the chromosomes of human leukocytes in vitro, Hereditas 50: 139 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  217. Kihlman, B. A., T. Eriksson, and G. Odmark, Effects of hydroxyurea on chromosomes, cell division, and nucleic acid synthesis in Vicia faba, Hereditas 55: 386 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  218. Kihlman, B. A., “Actions of Chemicals on Dividing Cells,” Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  219. Kleinsmith, L. J., V. G. Allfrey, and A. E. Mirsky, Phosphorylation of nuclear protein early in the course of gene activation in lymphocytes, Science 154: 780 (1966).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  220. Kohn, G. S., W. J. Mellman, P. S. Moorhead, J. Loftus, and G. Henle, Involvement of C-group chromosomes in five Burkitt lymphoma cell lines, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 38: 209 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  221. Krippner, S., Drug deceptions, Science 168: 654 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  222. LaCour, L. F., Acetic-orcein, Stain Technol. 16: 169 (1941).

    Google Scholar 

  223. Langlands, A. O., P. G. Smith, K. E. Buckton, G. E. Woodcock, and J. McLelland, Chromosome damage induced by radiation, Nature 218: 1133 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  224. Lea, D. E., “Actions of Radiations on Living Cells,” Cambridge University Press, London (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  225. Lea, D. E., and D. G. Catcheside, The relation between recessive lethals, dominant lethals, and chromosome aberrations in Drosophila, J. Genet. 47: 10 (1945).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  226. Lequesne, P. Personal communication.

    Google Scholar 

  227. Liley, A. W., The technique and complications of amniocentesis, New Zeal. Med. J. 59: 581 (1960).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  228. Lindahl-Kiessling, K., and A. Mattson, Mechanism of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) action, Exp. Cell Res. 65: 307 (1971).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  229. Lisco, H., and R. A. Conard, Chromosome studies on Marshall Islanders exposed to fallout radiation, Science 157: 445 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  230. Loughman, W. D., T. W. Sargent, D. M. Israelstam, Leukocytes of humans exposed to lysergic acid diethylamide: lack of chromosomal damage, Science 158: 508 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  231. Lubs, H. A., and F. H. Ruddle, Applications of quantitative karyotypy to chromosome variation in 4400 consecutive newborns, in “Human Population Cytogenetics,” Pfizer Medical Monographs 5, (P. A. Jacobs, W. H. Price, and P. Law, eds.), Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore (1969), p. 119.

    Google Scholar 

  232. Lubs, H. A., and F. H. Ruddle, Chromosomal abnormalities in the human population: estimation of rates based on New Haven newborn study, Science 169: 495 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  233. Lubs, H. A., and J. Samuelson, Chromosome abnormalities in lymphocytes from normal human subjects, Cytogenetics 6: 402 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  234. Lucas, M., A small autosomal ring chromosome in a female infant with congenital malformations, Ann. Hum. Genet. 27: 189 (1963).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  235. MacMahon, B. X-ray exposure and childhood cancer, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 28: 1173 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  236. MacKinney, A. A., F. Stohlman, and G. Brecher, The kinetics of cell proliferation in cultures of human peripheral blood, Blood 19: 349 (1962).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  237. Makino, S., and T. Aya, Cytogenetic studies in leukocyte cultures from patients with some viral diseases and in those infected with HSV, Cytologia 33: 370 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  238. Mandel, J. D., and J. Greenberg, A new chemical mutagen for bacteria, 1-methyl3-nitro-l-nitrosoguanidine, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 3: 575 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  239. Martin, G. M., B. R. Schwartz, and M. A. Derr, Human lymphocytoid cell lines: potential hazards to laboratory workers, Lancet 2: 772 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  240. Mauler, R. and W. Hennessen, Virus induced alterations of chromosomes, Arch. Ges. Virusforsch. 16: 175 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  241. Meyer, M. B., T. Merz, and E. L. Diamond, Investigation of the effects of prenatal X-ray exposure of human oogonia and oocytes as measured by later reproductive performance, Amer. J. Epidemiol. 89: 619 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  242. Migeon, B. R., and T. Merz, Artefactual chromatid aberrations in untreated and X-ray-treated human lymphocytes, Nature 203: 1395 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  243. Miller, R. W., Persons with exceptionally high risk of leukemia, Cancer Res. 27: 2420 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  244. Miller, R. W., Relation between cancer and congenital defects: an epidemiologic evaluation, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 40: 1079 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  245. Miller, R. W., Delayed radiation effects in atomic-bomb survivors, Science 166: 569 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  246. Milunsky, A., J. W. Littlefield, J. N. Kanfer, E. H. Kolodny, V. E. Shih, and L. Atkins, Prenatal genetic diagnosis, New Engl. J. Med. 283: 1370 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  247. Moore, G. E., R. E. Gerner, and H. A. Franklin, Culture of normal human leukocytes, JAMA 199: 519 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  248. Moore, G. E., E. Ito, K. Ulrich, and A. A. Sandberg, Culture of human leukemic cells, Cancer 19: 713 (1966).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  249. Moore, G. E., and J. Minowada, Human hematopoietic cell lines: a progress report, In vitro 4: 100 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  250. Moore, G. E., I. H. Porter, and C. C. Huang, Lymphocytoid lines from persons with sex chromosome anomalies, Science 163: 1453 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  251. Moorhead, P. S., Virus Effects on Host Chromosomes, in “Genetic Concepts and Neoplasia,” A collection of papers presented at the 23rd Annual Symposium on Fundamental Cancer Research 1969, M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore (1970), p. 281.

    Google Scholar 

  252. Moorhead, P. S., P. C. Nowell, W. J. Mellman, D. M. Battips, and D. A. Hungerford, Chromosome preparations of leukocytes cultured from human peripheral blood, Exp. Cell Res. 20: 613 (1960).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  253. Moorhead, P. S., and E. Saksela, The sequence of chromosome aberrations during SV40 transformation of a human diploid cell strain, Hereditas 52: 271 (1965).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  254. Muller, H. J., Induced mutations in drosophila, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 9: 151 (1941).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  255. Muller, I. A. David, M. Rejskova, and D. Brezikova, Chronic occupational exposure to strontium-90 and radium-226, Lancet 2: 129 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  256. Natarajan, A. T., and G. Ahnstrom, Cytogenetical effects of inorganic pyrophosphate and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine, Hereditas 59: 229 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  257. Neel, J. V., “Changing Perspectives on the Genetic Effects of Radiation,” Charles C. Thomas Pub. Co., Springfield, Ill. (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  258. Neel, J. V., and A. D. Bloom, Detection of environmental mutagens, Med. Clinics of North Amer. 53: 1243 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  259. Neel, J. V., and N. Chagnon, The demography of two tribes of primitive, relatively unacculturated American Indians, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 59: 680 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  260. Neel, J. V., and W. J. Schull, “The Effects of Exposure to the Atomic Bombs on Pregnancy Termination in Hiroshima and Nagasaki,” Natl. Acad. Sci. Natl. Res. Counc. Pub. No. 461 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  261. Neimann, N., J. Ducas, S. Gilgengrantz, and A. Peters, Un cas de chromosome en anneau du grouppe 13–15, Arch. Franc. Pediat. 24: 584 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  262. 247. Nichols, W. W., Relationships of viruses, chromosomes and carcinogenesis Hereditas 50: 53 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  263. 248. Nichols, W. W. In vitro chromosome breakage induced by arabinosyladenine in human leukocytes Cancer Res. 24: 1502 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  264. 249. Nichols, W. W., Studies on the role of viruses in somatic mutation Hereditas 55: 1 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  265. Nichols, W. W., Interactions between viruses and chromosomes, in “Handbook of Molecular Cytology” (A. Lima-De-Faria, ed.), North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, London (1969), p. 732.

    Google Scholar 

  266. 251. Nichols, W. W., Virus-induced chromosome abnormalities Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 24: 479 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  267. Nichols, W. W., P. Aula, A. Levan, W. Heneen, and E. Norrby, Radioautography with tritiated thymidine in measles and Sendai virus-induced chromosome pulverizations, J. Cell Biol. 35: 257 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  268. 253. Nichols, W. W., and W. K. Heneen, Chromosomal effects of arabinosylcytosine in a human diploid cell strain Hereditas 52: 402 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  269. Nichols, W. W., A. Levan, P. Aula, and E. Norrby, Extreme chromosome breakage induced by measles virus in different in vitro systems, Preliminary communication, Hereditas 51: 38 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  270. 255. Nichols, W. W., A. Levan, P. Aula, and E. Norrby, Chromosome damage associated with the measles virus in vitro Hereditas 54: 101 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  271. Nichols, W. W., A. Levan, L. L. Coriell, H. Goldner, and C. G. Ahlstrom, Chromosome abnormalities in vitro in human leukocytes associated with Schmidt-Ruppin Rous sarcoma virus, Science 146: 248 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  272. Nichols, W. W., A. Levan, B. Hall, and G. Ostergren, Measles-associated chromosome breakage, Preliminary communication, Hereditas 48: 367 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  273. Nichols, W. W., A. Levan, W. K. Heneen, and M. Peluse, Synergism of the SchmidtRuppin strain of Rous sarcoma virus and cytidine triphosphate in the induction of chromosome breaks in human cultured leukocytes, Hereditas 54: 213 (1965).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  274. Nichols, W. W., M. Peluse, C. Goodheart, R. McAllister, and C. Bradt, Autoradio-graphic studies on nuclei and chromosomes of cultured leukocytes after infection with tritium-labeled adenovirus type 12, Virology 34: 303 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  275. Nielsen, J., U. Friedvich, and T. Tsuboi, Chromosome abnormalities in patients treated with chlorpromazine, perphenazine, and lysergide, Brit. Med. J. 3: 634 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  276. Norman, A., Multi-hit aberrations, in “Human Radiation Cytogenetics” (H. J. Evans, W. M. Court Brown, and A. S. McLean, eds.), North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam (1967), p. 53.

    Google Scholar 

  277. Norman, A., R. E. Ottoman, M. Sasaki, and R. C. Veomett, The frequency of dicentrics in human leukocytes irradiated in vivo and in vitro, Radiology 83: 108 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  278. 263. Norman, A., and M. S. Sasaki, Chromosome-exchange aberrations in human lymphocytes Int. J. Rad. Biol. 11: 321 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  279. Norman, A., M. S. Sasaki, R. E. Ottoman, and A. G. Fingerhut, Elimination of chromosome aberrations from human lymphocytes, Blood 27: 706 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  280. Norrby, E., A. Levan, and W. W. Nichols, The correlation between the chromosome pulverization effect and other biological activities of measles virus preparations, Exp. Cell Res. 41: 483 (1966).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  281. Nowell, P. C., Unstable chromosome changes in tuberculin-stimulated leukocyte cultures from irradiated patients. Evidence for immunologically committed, long-lived lymphocytes in human blood, Blood 26: 798 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  282. Nowell, P. C., Chromosome aberrations and immunological memory, in “Human Radiation Cytogenetics” (H. J. Evans, W. M. Court Brown, and A. S. McLean, eds.), North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam (1967), p. 99.

    Google Scholar 

  283. Nowell, P. C., and D. A. Hungerford, A minute chromosome in human chronic granulocytic leukemia, Science 132: 1497 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  284. Nowell, P. C., and D. A. Hungerford, Chromosome studies on normal and leukemic human leukocytes, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. U.S. 25: 85 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  285. Nowell, P. C., and D. A. Hungerford, Chromosome studies in human leukemia. II. Chronic granulocytic leukemia, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. U.S. 27: 1013 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  286. Ostergren, G., and T. Wakonig, True or apparent subchromatid breakage and the induction of labile states in cytological loci, Bot. Notiser 4: 358 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  287. Ozono, N., Effects of radiation on the chromosomes of the bone marrow cells, Acta Haem. Jap. 28: 308 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  288. Palmer, G. C., N. Fareed, and A. D. Merritt, Ring chromosome 18 in a patient with multiple anomalies, J. Med. Genet. 4: 117 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  289. Paton, G. R., and A. C. Allison, Chromosome breakage by deoxyribonuclease, Nature 227: 707 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  290. Patton, G. R., J. P. Jacobs, and F. T. Perkins, Chromosome changes in human diploid cell cultures infected with Mycoplasma, Nature 207: 43 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  291. Petit, P., and R. Poncelet, Un nouveau cas de chromosome en anneau (18r), Ann. Genet. 10: 134 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  292. Pollack, E. J., and G. J. Todaro, Radiation enhancement of SV40 transformation in 3T3 and human cells, Nature 219: 520 (1968).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  293. Pope, J. H., Establishment of cell lines from peripheral leucocytes in infectious mononucleosis, Nature 216: 810 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  294. Prakash, L., Personal communication (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  295. Quaglino, D. F. G. J. Hayhoe, and R. J. Flemans, Cytochemical observations on the effect of phytohaemagglutinin in short-term tissue cultures, Nature 196: 338 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  296. Rapp, F., and T. C. Hsu, Viruses and mammalian chromosomes. IV. Replication

    Google Scholar 

  297. of herpes simplex virus in diploid Chinese hamster cells, Virology 25: 401 (1965). 280a. Ratcliffe, S. G., A. L. Stewart, M. M. Melville, P. A. Jacobs, and A. J. Keay

    Google Scholar 

  298. Chromosome studies on 3500 newborn male infants, Lancet 1: 121 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  299. Revell, S. H., Chromosome breakage by X-ray and radiomimetic substances in Vicia (in Symposium on Chromosome Breakage), Heredity 6 (suppl.): 107 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  300. Revell, S. H., A new hypothesis for chromatid changes, stit, in Proc. Radiol. Symp. Liège (Z. M. Bacq and P. Alexander, ed.), Butterworths, London (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  301. Revell, S. H., The accurate estimation of chromatid breakage, and its relevance to a new interpretation of chromatid aberrations induced by ionizing radiations, Proc. Roy. S.c. (London) Ser. B 150: 563 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  302. Richards, W. B., A. T. Rundle, J. Zaremba, and A. Stewart, Ring chromosome 18 in a mentally retarded boy, J. Ment. Defic. Res. 14: 174 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  303. Roux, C., D. Dupuis, and M. Aubry, LSD: no teratogenic action in rats, mice, and hamsters, Science 169: 588 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  304. Rubin, A. D., and H. L. Cooper, Evolving patterns of RNA metabolism during transition from resting state to active growth in lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 54: 469 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  305. Russell, W. L., Effect of the interval between irradiation and conception on mutation frequency in female mice, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 54: 1552 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  306. Russell, W. L., L. B. Russell, and E. M. Kelly, Radiation dose rate and mutation frequency, Science 128: 1546 (1958).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  307. Rutovitz, D., Machines to classify chromosomes, in “Human Radiation Cytogenetics” (H. J. Evans, W. M. Court Brown, and A. S. McLean, eds.), North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam (1967), p. 58.

    Google Scholar 

  308. Rutovitz, D. Automatic chromosome analysis, Brit. Med. Bull. 24: 260 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  309. Rutovitz, D., “Human Population Genetics” (R. A. Jacobs, ed.), Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore (1969), p. 264.

    Google Scholar 

  310. Sakaoka, H., and M. Green, Virus-specific RNA in polysome of SV40 tumor cells, Med. BioL (Tokyo) 81: 139 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  311. Sambrook, J. H. Westphal, P. R. Srinivasan, and R. Dulbecco, The integrated state of viral DNA in SV40-transformed cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 60: 1288 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  312. Sampson, R. J., C. R. Key, C. R. Buncher, and S. Iijma, Prevalence of thyroid carcinoma at autopsy, Hiroshima 1957–68, Nagasaki 1951–67, Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission Tech. Rept. Series No. 25–68: 1 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  313. Sandberg, A. A., M. M. Cohen, A. A. Rimm, and M. L. Levin, Aneuploidy and age in a population survey, Amer. J. Human Genet. 19: 633 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  314. Sandberg, A. A., and D. K. Hossfeld, Chromosomal abnormalities in human neoplasia, Ann. Rev. Med. 21: 379 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  315. Sasaki, M. S., and H. Miyata, Biological dosimetry in atomic bomb survivors, Nature 220: 1189 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  316. Sasaki, M. S., and A. Norman, Proliferation of human lymphocytes in culture, Nature 210: 913 (1966).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  317. Sasaki, M. S., and A. Norman, Selection against chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes, Nature 214: 502 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  318. Sato, H., and T. Kadotani, Fetal skin biopsy, JAMA 212: 323 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  319. Sawitsky, A., D. Bloom, and J. German, Chromosomal breakage and acute leukemia in congenital telangiectatic erythema and stunted growth, Ann. Intern. Med. 65: 487 (1966).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  320. Sax, K., Chromosome aberrations induced by X-rays, Genetics 23: 494 (1938).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  321. Sax, K., The time factor in X-ray production of chromosome aberrations, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. 25: 225 (1939).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  322. Sax, K., An analysis of X-ray induced chromosomal aberrations in Tradescantia, Genetics 25: 41 (1940).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  323. Sax, K., Types and frequencies of chromosomal aberrations induced by X-rays, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 9: 93 (1941).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  324. Sax, K., and H. J. Sax, Radiomimetic beverages, drugs, and mutagens, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 55: 1431 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  325. Schmickel, R. Chromosome aberrations in leukocytes exposed in vitro to diagnostic levels of X-rays, Am. J. Hum. Gen. 19: 1 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  326. Schutt, W. J., Personal communication.

    Google Scholar 

  327. Schull, W. J., and J. V. Neel, Maternal radiation and mongolism, Lancet 1: 537 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  328. Schull, W. J., J. V. Neel, and A. Hashizume, Some further observations on the sex ratio among infants born to survivors of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 18: 328 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  329. Scott, D. The effect of irradiated plasma on normal human chromosomes and its relevance to the long-lived lymphocyte hypothesis, Cell Tissue Kinet. 2: 295 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  330. Scott, D., A. L. Batchelor, H. Sharpe, and H. J. Evans, RBE for fast neutrons and dose rate studiès using fast neutron irradiation, in “Human Radiation Cytogenetics” (H. J. Evans, W. M. Court Brown, and A. S. McLean, eds.), North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam (1967), p. 37.

    Google Scholar 

  331. Sergovich, F., G. H. Valentine, A. T. Chen, R. A. Kinch, and M. S. Smout, Chromosome aberrations in 2159 consecutive newborn babies, New Eng. J. Med. 280: 851 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  332. Sharma, A. K., and A. Sharma, Spontaneous and chemically induced chromosome breaks, Intl. Rev. Cytol. 10: 101 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  333. Shaw, M. W., Human chromosome damage by chemical agents, Ann. Rev. Med. 21: 409 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  334. Shein, H. M., and J. F. Enders, Transformation induced by simian virus 40 in human renal cell cultures. I. Morphology and growth characteristics, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 48: 1164 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  335. Sigler, A. T., A. M. Lilenfeld, B. Cohen, and J. E. Westlake, Radiation exposure in parents of children with mongolism (Down’s syndrome), Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 117: 374 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  336. Skakkebaek, N. E., J. Phillip, and O. J. Rafaelsen, LSD in mice: abnormalities in meiotic chromosomes, Science 160: 1246 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  337. Smith, D. E., and A. J. Rose, The use and abuse of LSD in Haight-Ashbury (Observations by the Haight-Ashbury Medical Clinic), Clin. Pediatrics 7: 317 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  338. Smith-White, S., W. J. Peacock, B. Turner, and G. M. DenDulk, A ring chromosome in man, Nature 197: 102 (1963).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  339. Sparkes, R. S., J. Melnyk, and L. P. Bozzetti, Chromosomal effect in vivo of exposure to lysergic acid diethylamide, Science 160: 1343 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  340. Stevens, D. P. L. F. Barker, H. E. Hopps, and H. M. Meyer, Jr., Herpeslike virus (E. B. virus) in continuous lymphoblastoid cell lines from patients with viral hepatitis, J. Immun. 105: 1040 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  341. Stewart, A., and G. W. Kneale, Radiation dose effects in relation to obstetric X-rays and childhood cancers, Lancet 1: 1185 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  342. Stewart, J., S. Go, E. Ellis, and A. Robinson, IgA and partial deletion of chromosome 18, Lancet 2: 779 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  343. Stewart, J. S., and A. R. Sanderson, Chromosomal aberration after diagnostic X-irradiation, Lancet 1: 978 (1961).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  344. Stitch, H. F., and D. S. Yohn, Viruses and chromosomes, Prog. Med. Virol. 12: 78 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  345. Sugiyama, T. Y. Kurita, and Y. Nishizuka, Chromosome abnormality in rat leukemia induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, Science 158: 1058 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  346. Swanson, C. P., “Cytology and Cytogenetics,” Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J. (1957), p. 297.

    Google Scholar 

  347. Swift, M. R., and K. Hirschhorn, Fanconi anemia: inherited susceptibility to chromosome breakage in various tissues, Ann. Intern. Med. 65: 496 (1966).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  348. Szybalska, R. H., and W. Szybalski, Genetics of human cell lines. IV. DNA-mediated heritable transformation of a biochemical trait. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 48: 2026 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  349. Takagi, N., T. Aya, H. Kato, and A. A. Sandberg, Relation of virus induced cell fusion and chromosome pulverization to mitotic events, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. U.S. 43: 335 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  350. Tanaka, Y., L. B. Epstein, G. Brecher, and F. Stohlman, Jr., Transformation of lymphocytes in cultures of human peripheral blood, Blood 22: 614 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  351. Taylor, J. H., W. F. Haut, and J. Tung, Effects of fluorodeoxyuridine on DNA replication, chromosome breakage, and reunion, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 48: 190 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  352. Thoday, J. M., Sister-union isolocus breaks in irradiated Vicia faba: the target theory and physiological variation, Heredity (suppl.) 6: 299 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  353. Tjio, J. H., Personal communication of an unpublished pilot study (1967–68).

    Google Scholar 

  354. Tjio, J. H., and A. Levan, The chromosome number of man, Hereditas 42: 6 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  355. Tjio, J. H., W. N. Pahnke, and A. A. Kurland, LSD and chromosomes. A controlled experiment, JAMA 210: 849 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  356. Tjio, J. H., and J. Whang, Chromosome preparations of bone marrow cells without prior in vitro culture or in vivo colchicine administration, Stain Technol. 37: 17 (1962).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  357. Todaro, G. J., and S. A. Aaronson, Properties of clonal lines of murine sarcoma virus transformed BALB-3T3 cells, Virology 38: 174 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  358. Todaro, G. J., and H. Green, High frequency of SV40 transformation of mouse cell line 3T3, Virology 28: 756 (1966).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  359. Todaro, G. J., and H. Green, Cell growth and the initiation of transformation by SV40, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 55: 302 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  360. Todaro, G. J., and H. Green, Simian virus 40 transformation and the period of cellular deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, J. Virology 1: 115 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  361. Todaro, G. J., J. H. Green, and M. R. Swift, Susceptibility of human diploid fibroblast strains to transformation by SV40 virus, Science 153: 1252 (1966).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  362. Todaro, G. J., and G. M. Martin, Increased susceptibility of Down’s syndrome fibroblasts to transformation by SV40, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med. 124: 1232 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  363. Tolby, B. E., and F. Hecht, Human chromosome breakage. Microscopy versus photomicroscopy, Ann. Genet. 11: 169 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  364. Tomasz, A., Cellular factors in genetic transformation, Scientific Amer. 220: 38 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  365. Tough, I. M., K. E. Buckton, A. G. Baikie, and W. M. Court Brown, X-ray-induced chromosome damage in man, Lancet 2: 849 (1960).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  366. Turner, B. A. N. Jennings, G. DenDulk, and T. Stapleton, A self-perpetuating ring chromosome, Med. J. Aust. 49: 56 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  367. Tuscany, R., and J. Muller, Chromosomal study of bone marrow and peripheral blood in persons carrying body burdens of “’Ra and ”Sr, in “Human Radiation Cytogenetics” (H. J. Evans, W. M. Court Brown, and A. S. McLean, eds.), North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam (1967), p. 203.

    Google Scholar 

  368. Uchida, I. A., and E. J. Curtis, A possible association between maternal radiation and mongolism, Lancet 2: 848 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  369. Uchida, I. A., R. Holunga, and C. Lawler, Maternal radiation and chromosomal aberrations, Lancet 2: 1045 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  370. United Nations Report of the Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. General Assembly Official Records, 24th Session, suppl. no. 13 (A/7613), New York: United Nations (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  371. Vaughn, J. Bone disease induced by radiation, Int. Rev. Exp. Pathol. 1: 243 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  372. Visfeldt, J., Chromosome aberrations in occupationally exposed personnel, in a radiotherapy department, in “Human Radiation Cytogenetics” (H. J. Evans, W. M. Court Brown, and A. S. McLean, eds.), North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam (1967), p. 167.

    Google Scholar 

  373. Wada, S., M. Miyanishi, Y. Nishimoto, S. Kambe, and R. W. Miller, Mustard gas as a cause of respiratory neoplasia in man, Lancet 1: 1161 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  374. Wajima, T., A. D. Bloom, and H. B. Hamilton, Lactic dehydrogenase isozymes in three-day cultures of human leukocytes, Med. Biol. Jap. 73: 206 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  375. Wald, N., “Human Population Cytogenetics,” (P. A. Jacobs, ed.), Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore (1969), p. 264.

    Google Scholar 

  376. Wald, N., A. Koizumi, and S. Pan, A pilot study of the relationships between chromosome aberrations and occupational external and internal radiation exposure, in “Human Radiation Cytogenetics” (H. J. Evans, W. M. Court Brown, and A. S. McLean, eds.), North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam (1967), p. 183.

    Google Scholar 

  377. Wanebo, C. K., K. G. Johnson, K. Sato, and T. W. Thorslund, Lung cancer and atomic bomb exposure, ABCC Technical Report 12–67 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  378. Wanebo, C. K., K. G. Johnson, K. Sato, and T. W. Thorslund, Breast cancer in the ABCC-JNIH adult health study, ABCC Technical Report 13–67: 1 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  379. Wanebo, C. K., K. G. Johnson, K. Sato, and T. W. Thorslund, Breast cancer after exposure to the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, New Engl. J. Med. 279: 667 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  380. Wanebo, C. K., K. G. Johnson, K. Sato, and T. W. Thorslund, Lung cancer following atomic radiation, Amer. Rev. Resp. Dis. 98: 779 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  381. Warkany, J. and E. Takas, Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD): no teratogenicity in rats, Science 159: 731 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  382. Waxman, S. H., D. T. Arakaki, and J. B. Smith, Cytogenetics of fetal abortions, Pediatrics 39: 425 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  383. Whang, J. E. Frei, J. H. Tjio, P. P. Carbone, and G. Brecher, The distribution of the Philadelphia chromosome in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia, Blood 22: 664 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  384. Wolf, C. P., J. A. Peterson, G. A. Logrippo, and L. Weiss, Ring 1 chromosome and dwarfism, a possible syndrome, J. Pediat. 71: 719 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  385. Wolff, S., The kinetics for two-break chromosome exchanges, J. Theoret. Biol. 3: 304 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  386. Wolff, S., Radiation studies on the nature of chromosome breakage, Amer. Naturalist 94: 85 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  387. Wolff, S., and D. Scott, Repair of radiation induced damage to chromosomes: independence of known DNA dark repair mechanisms, Exp. Cell Res. 55: 9 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  388. Wolman, S. R., K. Hirschhorn, and G. J. Todaro, Early chromosomal changes in SV40-infected human fibroblast cultures, Cytogenetics 3: 45 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  389. Wood, J. W., K. G. Johnson, and Y. Omori, In utero exposure to the Hiroshima atomic bomb—an evaluation of head size and mental retardation: twenty years later, Pediatrics 39: 385 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  390. Wood, J. W., K. G. Johnson, Y. Omori, S. Kawamoto, and R. J. Keehn, Mental retardation in children exposed in utero to the atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Amer. J. Pub. Health 57: 1381 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  391. Wood, J. W., H. Tamagaki, S. Neriishi, T. Sato, W. F. Sheldon, P. G. Archer, H. B. Hamilton, and K. G. Johnson, Thyroid carcinoma in atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Amer. J. Epidemiol. 89: 4 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  392. Zellweger, H., J. S. McDonald, and G. Abbo, Is lysergic acid diethylamide a teratogen?, Lancet 2: 1066 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  393. Zur Hausen, H., Chromosomal changes of a similar nature in seven established cell lines derived from the peripheral blood of patients with leukemia, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 38: 683 (1967).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  394. Zur Hausen, H., Induction of specific chromosomal aberrations by adenovirus type 12 in human embryonic kidney cells, J. Virology 1: 1174 (1967).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  395. Zur Hausen, H., Association of adenovirus type 12 deoxyribonucleic acid with host cell chromosomes, J. Virology 2: 218 (1968).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  396. Zur Hausen, H. G. Klein, W. Henle, G. Henle, P. Clifford, and L. Santesson, EBV DNA in biopsies of Burkitt tumors and anaplastic carcinomas of the naso-pharynx, Nature 228: 1056 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1972 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bloom, A.D. (1972). Induced Chromosomal Aberrations in Man. In: Harris, H., Hirschhorn, K. (eds) Advances in Human Genetics. Advances in Human Genetics, vol 3. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4429-3_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4429-3_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-4431-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-4429-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics