Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Brain-Specific Proteins: S-100 Protein, 14-3-2 Protein, and Glial Fibrillary Protein

  • Chapter
Advances in Neurochemistry

Abstract

The differentiated forms and functions of a specialized cell are expressed through the properties of its individual proteins, properties which are determined by their primary structure. Nervous system cells, having extremely specialized functions, are among the most highly differentiated of all types of cells. Therefore, it is important to know which proteins are specific to nervous system cells since these particular proteins would be related to specific functions within the nervous system, such as propagation of action potentials, synaptic transmission involving several chemical transmitters— each with its associated processes of synthesis, inactivation, release, and receptor activity, establishment of specific pathways and connections, action of supportive cells such as various types of glia, and many other functions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ansborg, R., and Neuhoff, V., 1971, Micro-disc electrophoresis of brain proteins. III. Heterogeneity of the nervous specific proteins S-100, Int. J. Neurosci. 2: 151–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benda, P., Lightbody, J., Sato, G., Levine, L., and Sweet, W., 1968, Differentiated rat glial cell strain in tissue culture, Science 161: 370–371.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennet, G., 1974, Immunologic and electrophoretic identity between nervous system specific proteins antigen alpha and 14–3–2, Brain Res. 68: 365–369.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bennet, G. S., and Edelman, G., 1968, Isolation of an acidic protein from rat brain, J. Biol. Chem. 243: 6234–6241.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bignami, A., and Dahl, D., 1973, An immunofluorescence study with antibodies to a protein specific to astrocytes, Brain Res. 49: 393–403.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bignami, A., Eng, L. F., Dahl, D., and Uyeda, C. T., 1972, Localization of the glial fibrillary acidic protein in astrocytes by immunofluorescence, Brain Res. 43: 429–435.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bogoch, S., 1969, Proteins, in Handbook of Neuro chemistry, Vol. 1, pp. 75–92, Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bogoch, S., 1970, Glycoproteins of the brain of the training pigeon, in Protein Metabolism of the Nervous System (A. Lajtha, ed), pp. 555–569, Plenum Press, New York.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Calissano, P., and Bangham, A. D., 1971, Effect of two brain specific proteins (S-100 and 14–3–2) on cation diffusion across artificial lipid membranes, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 43: 504–509.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Calissano, P., Moore, B. W., and Friesen, A., 1969, Effect of calcium ion on S-100, protein of the nervous system, Biochemistry 8: 4318–4326.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cicero, T. J., and Moore, B. W., 1970, Turnover of the brain specific protein, S-100, Science 169: 1333–1334.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cicero, T. J., and Provine, R. R., 1972, The levels of the brain specific proteins, S-100 and 14–3–2, in the developing chick spinal cord, Brain Res. 44: 294–298.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cicero, T. J., Cowan, W. M., and Moore, B. W., 1970a, Changes in the concentrations of the two brain specific proteins, S-100 and 14–3–2, during the development of the avian optic tectum, Brain Res. 24: 1–10.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cicero, T. J., Cowan, W. M., Moore, B. W., and Suntzeff, V., 1970b, The cellular localization of the two brain specific proteins, S-100 and 14–3–2, Brain Res. 18: 25–34.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cicero, T. J., Ferendelli, J. A., Suntzeff, V., and Moore, B. W., 1972, Regional changes in CNS levels of the S-100 and 14–3–2 proteins during development and aging of the mouse, J. Neurochem. 19: 2119–2125.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cotman, C, and Matthews, D. A., 1971, Synaptic plasma membranes from rat brain synapto- somes: Isolation and partial characterization, Biochem. Biophys. Acta 249: 380–394.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dahl, D., and Bignami, A., 1973, Glial fibrillary protein from normal human brain, purification and properties, Brain Res. 57: 343–360.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dannies, P. S., and Levine, L., 1969, Demonstration of subunits in beef brain acidic protein (S-100), Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 37: 587–592.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dannies, P. S., and Levine, L., 1971a, Structural properties of bovine brain S-100 protein, J. Biol. Chem. 246: 6276–6283.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dannies, P. S., and Levine, L., 19716, The role of sulfhydryl groups in serological properties of bovine brain S-100 protein, J. Biol. Chem. 246: 6284–6287.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeLores Arnai, R., Aberice, M., and deRobertis, E., 1967, Ultrastructural and enzymic studies of cholinergic and non-cholinergic synaptic membranes isolated from brain cortex, J. Neurochem. 14: 215–225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eichberg, J., Wittaker, V. P., and Dawson, R. M. C, 1964, Distribution of lipids in subcellular particles of guinea pig brain, Biochem. J. 92: 91–100.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eng, L. T., Vanderhaegen, J. J., Bignami, A., and Gerstl, B., 1971, An acidic protein isolated from fibrous astrocytes, Brain Res. 28: 351–354.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gombos, G., Vincendon, G., Tardy, J., and Mandel, P., 1966, HĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© Ă©lectrophorĂ©tique et prĂ©paration rapide de la fraction protĂ©ique S-100, C.R. Soc. Biol. F. D268: 1533–1535.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herschman, H. R., 1971, Synthesis and degradation of a brain-specific protein (S-100 protein) by clonal cultured human glial cells, J. Biol. Chem. 246: 7569–7571.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hyden, H., and McEwen, B., 1966, A glial protein specific for the nervous system, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (U.S.) 55: 354–358.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, D., Levine, L., and Fasman, G., 1968, Some conformational and immunological properties of a bovine brain acidic protein (S-100), Biochemistry 1: 158–764.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lerner, M. P., and Herschman, H. R., 1972, S-100 protein synthesis by isolated polyribosomes from rat brain, Science 178: 995–996.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levine, L., and Moore, B. W., 1965, Structural relatedness of a vertebrate brain acidic protein as measured immunochemically, Neurosci. Res. Prog. Bull. 3: 18–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • McEwen, B., and Hyden, H., 1966, A study of specific brain proteins on the semi-micro scale, J.Neurochem. 13: 823–833.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, B. W., 1965, A soluble protein characteristic of the nervous system, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 19: 739–744.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, B. W., 1969, Acidic proteins, in Handbook of Neurochemistry, Vol. 1, pp. 93–99, Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, B. W., 1972, Chemistry and biology of two proteins, S-100 and 14–3–2, specific to the nervous system, in International Review of Neurobiology, Vol. 15, pp. 215–225, Academic Press, New York.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, B. W., 1973, Brain specific proteins, in Proteins of the Nervous System (D. J. Schneider, ed.), pp. 1–12, Raven Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, B. W., and McGregor, D., 1965, Chromatographic and electrophoretic fractionation of soluble proteins of brain and liver, J. Biol. Chem. 240: 1647–1653.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, B. W., and Perez, V. J., 1966, Complement fixation for antigens on a picogram level, J. Immunol. 96: 1000–1005.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, B. W., and Perez, V. J., 1968, Specific acidic proteins of the nervous system, in Physiological and Biochemical Aspects of Nervous Integration (F. D. Carlson, ed.), pp. 343–360, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, B. W., Perez, V. J., and Gehring, M., 1968, Assay and regional distribution of a soluble protein characteristic of the nervous system, J. Neurochem. 15: 265–272.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, I. G., Wolfe, L. S., Mandel, P., and Gombos, G., 1971, Isolation of plasma membranes from rat brain, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 241: 737–751.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perez, V. J., and Moore, B. W., 1968, Wallerian degeneration in rabbit tibial nerve</b>: Changes in amounts of the S-100 protein, J. Neurochem. 15: 971–977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perez, V. J., Olney, J. W., Cicero, T. J., Moore, B. W., and Bahn, B. A., 1970, Wallerian degeneration in rabbit optic nerve</b>: Cellular localization in the central nervous system of the S-100 and 14–3–2 proteins, J. Neurochem. 17: 511–519.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfeiffer, S. E., Kornblith, P. L., Cares, H. L., Seals, J., and Levine, L., 1972, S-100 protein in human acoustic neurinomas, Brain Res. 41: 187–193.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, D. J., 1973, Studies of nervous system proteins, in Proteins of the Nervous System, pp. 67–94, Raven Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schubert, D., Heinemann, S., Carlisle, W., Tarikas, H., Kimes, B., Patrick, J., Steinback, J. H., Culp, W., and Brandt, B. L., 1974, Clonal cell lines from the rat central nervous system, Nature 249: 224–227.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uozumi, T., and Ryan, R. J., 1973, Isolation, amino acid composition and radioimmunoassay of human brain S-100 protein, Mayo Clin. Proc. 48: 50–56.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uyeda, C. T., Eng, L. F., and Bignami, A., 1972, An immunological study of the glial fibrillary acidic protein, Brain Res. 37: 81–89.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uyemura, K., Vincendon, G., Gombos, G., and Mandel, P., 1971, Purification and some properties of S-100 protein fractions from sheep and pig brains, J. Neurochem. 18: 429–438.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vincendon, G., Waksman, A., Uyemura, K., Tardy, J., and Gombos, G., 1967, Ultracentrifugal behavior of beef brain S-100 protein fraction, Arch. Biochem. 120: 233–235.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Warecka, K., 1970, Isolation of a brain specific glycoprotein, J. Neurochem. 17: 829–830.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Warecka, K., Moller, H. J., Vogel, H.-M., and Tripatzis, I., 1972, Human brain-specific alpha 2-glycoprotein</b>: Purification by affinity chromatography and detection of a new component ; Localization in nervous cells, J. Neurochem. 19: 719–725.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wasserman, E., and Levine, L., 1961, Quantitative micro-complement fixation and its use in the study of antigenic structure by specific antigen-antibody inhibition, J. Immunol. 87: 290–295.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zomzely-Neurath, C, York, C., and Moore, B. W., 1972, Synthesis of a brain-specific protein (S-100 protein) in a homologous cell-free system programmed with cerebral polysomal messenger RNA, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (U.S.) 69: 2326–2330.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zomzely-Neurath, C, York, C, and Moore, B. W., 1973, In vitro synthesis of two brain-specific proteins (S-100 and 14–3–2) by polyribosomes from rat brain, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 155: 58–69.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zuckerman, J. E., Herschman, H. R., and Levine, L., 1970, Appearance of a brain specific antigen (the S-100 protein) during human foetal development, J. Neurochem. 17: 247–251.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA

    Blake W. Moore

Authors
  1. Blake W. Moore
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Mental Health Research Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

    B. W. Agranoff

  2. Institute of Psychiatric Research and Department of Psychiatry and Biochemistry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA

    M. H. Aprison

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1975 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Moore, B.W. (1975). Brain-Specific Proteins: S-100 Protein, 14-3-2 Protein, and Glial Fibrillary Protein. In: Agranoff, B.W., Aprison, M.H. (eds) Advances in Neurochemistry. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4395-1_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4395-1_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-4397-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-4395-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation