Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Characterization of Developmental Stages

  • Chapter
Pathology of the Human Placenta

Abstract

This chapter is a synopsis and presents brief descriptions of the average data of placenta and membranes throughout the single stages of placental development. Embryological data concerning the embryo and fetus are given only insofar as they are of importance for the definition of the stage. The data concerning villous development are summarized in Table 13.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aherne, W., and Dunnill, M.S.: Morphometry of the human placenta. Br. Med. Bull. 22: 5–8, 1966.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, G.W.: Studies on the nucleated red cell count in the chorionic capillaries and the cord blood of various ages of pregnancy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 42: 1–14, 1941.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyd, J.D., and Hamilton, W.J.: The Human Placenta. Heifer and Sons, Cambridge, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clavero-Nunez, J.A., and Botella-Llusia, J.: Measurement of the villus surface in normal and pathologic placentas. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 86: 234–240, 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clavero-Nunez, J.A., and Botella-Llusia, J.: Ergebnisse von Messungen der Gesamtoberfläche normaler und krankhafter Placenten. Arch. Gynecol. 198: 56–60, 1963.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eckardt, K.-U., Ratcliffe, P.J., Tan, C.C., Bauer, C., and Kurtz, A.: Age-dependent expression of the erythropoietin gene in rat liver and kidneys. J. Clin. Invest. 89: 753–760, 1992.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, H.: The incidence and significance of nucleated erythrocytes in the foetal vessels of the mature human placenta. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Commonw. 74: 40–43, 1967.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geissler, D., and Japha, A.: Beitrag zu den Anämien junger Kinder. Jahrb. Kinderheilkd. 56: 627–647, 1901.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gloede, B.: Morphometrische Untersuchungen zur Reifung menschlicher Placentazotten. Medical thesis, University of Hamburg, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, D.W., and Mimouni, F.: Nucleated erythrocytes in healthy infants and in infants of diabetic mothers. J. Pediatr. 116: 129–131, 1990.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hörmann, G.: Lebenskurven normaler und entwicklungsfähiger Chorionzotten; Ergebnisse systematischer Zottenmessungen. Arch. Gynecol. 181: 29–43, 1951.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johannigmann, J., Zahn, V., and Thieme, V.: Einführung in die Ultraschalluntersuchung mit dem Vidoson. Elektromedica 2: 1–11, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufmann, P.: Untersuchungen über die Langhanszellen in der menschlichen Placenta. Z. Zellforsch. 128: 283–302, 1972.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufmann, P.: Entwicklung der Plazenta. In, Die Plazenta des Menschen. V. Becker, T.H. Schiebler, and F. Kubli, eds., pp. 13–50. Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufmann, P., and Castellucci, M.: Development and anatomy of the placenta. In, Haines’ and Taylor’s Textbook of Obstetrical and Gynaecological Pathology, 4th ed. H. Fox and M. Wells, eds. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1994 (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufmann, P., and Stegner, H.E.: Über die funktionelle Differenzierung des Zottensyncytiums in der menschlichen Placenta. Z. Zellforsch. 135: 361–382, 1972.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knopp, J.: Das Wachstum der Chorionzotten. Monatsschr. Z. Anat. Entwicklungsgesch. 122: 42–59, 1960.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lippman, H.S.: A morphologic and quantitative study of the blood corpuscles in the new-born period. Am. J. Dis. Child. 27: 473–536, 1924.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maier, R.F., Böhme, K., Dudenhausen, J.W., and Obladen, M.: Cord blood erythopoietin in relation to different markers of fetal hypoxia. Obstet. Gynecol. 81: 575–580, 1993.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicolini, U., Nicolaidis, P., Fisk, N.M., Vaughn, J.I., Fusi, L., Gleeson, R., and Rodeck, C.H.: Limited role of fetal blood sampling in prediction of outcome in intrauterine growth retardation. Lancet 336: 768–772, 1990.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Rahilly, R.: Developmental stages in human embryos. Part A. Publication 631. Carnegie Institute, Washington, D.C., 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phelan, J.P., Ahn, N.O., Korst, L., and Martin, G.I.: Nucleated red blood cells: a marker for fetal asphyxia [abstracts 49]. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 170: 286, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryerson, C.S., and Sanes, S.: The age of pregnancy. histologic diagnosis from percentage of erythroblasts in chorionic capillaries. Arch. Pathol. 17: 548–651, 1934.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiemer, H.G.: Mass und Zahl der Plazenta. In, Die Plazenta des Menschen. V. Becker, T.H. Schiebler, and F. Kubli, eds., pp. 112–122. Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shields, L.E., Widness, J.A., and Brace, R.A.: Restoration of fetal red blood cells and plasma proteins after a moderately severe hemorrhage in the ovine fetus. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 169: 1472–1478, 1993.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shurin, S.B.: The blood and the hematopoietic system. In, A.A. Fanaroff and R.J. Martin, eds. Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. Mosby, St. Louis, 1987, pp. 826–827.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winckel, F.K.L.W.: Lehrbuch der Geburtshilfe, 2nd ed. Veit, Leipzig, 1893.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University Medical Center, University of California, San Diego, 92103-8321, San Diego, California, USA

    Kurt Benirschke MD (Professor of Pathology and Reproductive Medicine)

  2. Institut für Anatomie der Medizinischen Fakultät, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 52057, Aachen, Germany

    Professor Dr. med. Peter Kaufmann

Authors
  1. Kurt Benirschke MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Professor Dr. med. Peter Kaufmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Benirschke, K., Kaufmann, P. (1995). Characterization of Developmental Stages. In: Pathology of the Human Placenta. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4196-4_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4196-4_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-4198-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-4196-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation