Abstract
Nearly all maternofetal and fetomaternal exchange takes place in the placental villi. There is only a limited contribution by the extraplacental membranes. In addition, most metabolic and endocrine activities of the placenta have been localized in the villi (for review see Gröschel-Stewart, 1981; Miller & Thiede, 1984; Knobil & Neill, 1993).
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Castellucci, M., Kaufmann, P. (1995). Basic Structure of the Villous Trees. In: Pathology of the Human Placenta. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4196-4_7
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