Abstract
A century ago, considerable controversy raged as to whether the fetal and maternal circulations were united or separate. In an interesting essay, Baer (1828) discussed this dispute in great detail; and in order to settle the issue once and for all he performed experiments on dogs. These studies showed conclusively that the two vascular beds are separate from one another. The early history of this topic is covered in excellent detail in the historical review of De Witt (1959).
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References
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Benirschke, K., Kaufmann, P. (1995). Transplacental Hemorrhage, Cell Transfer, Trauma. In: Pathology of the Human Placenta. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4196-4_17
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