Abstract
In a remarkable paper that correlates prenatal events and discordance of twins with postnatal outcome, Price (1950) emphasized the importance of “prenatal biases.” He was much concerned with the influence of placentation on twin development. It was Galton (1875), however, cousin of Darwin and after whom the Galton Institute of Genetics in London is named, who was probably the first to suggest that twins, if properly studied, would yield information that might allow us to discriminate between heredity and environment. It was his famous “nature versus nurture” concept. The extensive studies conducted by Friedrich Schatz at the same time suggested that prenatal influences among twins found reflection in the ultimate outcome of the twins. He was instrumental in clarifying that placental study is essential for this understanding. His extensive work is annotated in a bibliographical oddity (Schatz, 1900), which summarizes all of his papers and citations.
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Benirschke, K., Kaufmann, P. (1990). Multiple Pregnancy. In: Pathology of the Human Placenta. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4193-3_25
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