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Fracture of Structures Caused by Explosive Loading: Scale Effects

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High-Pressure Shock Compression of Solids VII

Part of the book series: High-Pressure Shock Compression of Condensed Matter ((SHOCKWAVE))

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Abstract

The large number of existing materials and materials under development, and the variety of conditions under which they are applied, has resulted in many fracture concepts, semi-empirical theories of fracture, and fracture criteria. Each of these is reasonable for the range of parameters over which it has been investigated experimentally. These individual theories, in conjunction with previous experience in calculating the strength of structures have, for some time, proven satisfactory. However, problems have arisen because of further progress of technology in the field of unique large-sized structures intended for use under conditions of intense dynamic loads. The problem is exacerbated, in some cases, by the impossibility of performing full-scale tests to determine the actual strength reserve (safety factor) of a particular structure. Examples of unpredicted failure of some structures designed according to existing strength norms highlight the problem. Solution of these problems requires not only development of new fracture criteria, but also search for a uniform, physically justified, approach to the problem as a whole without taking into account minor details of the fracture phenomenon. As the basis of such an approach, the following fundamental achievement of the linear fracture mechanics (LFM) can be used: Fracture is a result of work done on the structure. The work required to cause a fracture is provided by the elastic energy (EE) of deformation stored in the structure. Recognition of this fact, based on Griffith’s idea regarding the condition for transition of a crack to an unstable state [1], has resulted in critical revision of fracture criteria and development of new methods for strength testing. Traditional measures of strength, namely the yield strength, σy, critical values of stress, σu (the beginning of the neck formation), strain, εu, or combinations of these quantities, appear to be insufficient. The role of characteristics of a material, such as the temporary resistance, σu, was limited by the narrow objective of comparison of materials in standard tests. The theoretical strength, from the point of view of energy criteria, appears to be 2–4 orders of magnitude less (!) than the strength of real materials [2].

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  1. A. G. Ivanov
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Russian Academy of Sciences, 32a Leninsky Prosp., 117993, Moscow, Russia

    V. E. Fortov

  2. Russian Federal Nuclear Center All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Physics, 607190, Sarov, Nizhnii Novgorod Region, Russia

    R. F. Trunin

  3. Institute for High Energy Densities, Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya 13/19, 127412, Moscow, Russia

    A. I. Funtikov

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Ivanov, A.G. (2004). Fracture of Structures Caused by Explosive Loading: Scale Effects. In: Fortov, V.E., Al’tshuler, L.V., Trunin, R.F., Funtikov, A.I. (eds) High-Pressure Shock Compression of Solids VII. High-Pressure Shock Compression of Condensed Matter. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4048-6_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4048-6_15

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