Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
SpringerLink
Log in

Alcohol Abuse and Dependence

  • Chapter
Family Medicine

Abstract

Few if any other illnesses have had more impact on modern man and the American family than alcoholism. It is reported to be among the top three killers in the United States.1,2 Imprecise diagnosis contributes to underestimates of prevalence by traditional mortality reports, but low estimates are partly due to the elusive and deceptive nature of the disease itself. Other major “killers” generally strike at a late stage of the individual and the family life cycle. Alcoholism, on the other hand, is thought to be the most important cause of death in men under 50.3 In a less stable state during these younger years, the family is usually unprepared for the mental and physical strain of terminal illness. The family physician’s position of concern and close interaction with the whole family has special relevance.4 That position, in a setting of continuity of care, becomes a pivotal element in the recovery or demise of the alcoholic family.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. National Center for Health Statistics: Vital statistics of the United States, 1975: Vol. II, Mortality, Part A. (PHS)79–1114. Hyattsville MD, US Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Service, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  2. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: Alcohol use and alcohol related problems: prevalence and patterns. In: Noble EP (ed.) Third Special Report to the U.S. Congress on Alcohol and Health. Rockville, MD, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1978, pp. 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Peterson B, Kristenson H, Sternby NH, et al: Alcohol consumption and premature death in middle-aged men. Br Med J 1: 1403–1406, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Kissin B: Medical management of the alcoholic patient. In: Kissin B, Begleiter H (eds.) The Biology of Alcoholism: Vol. 5, Treatment and Rehabilitation of the Chronic Alcoholic. New York, Plenum, 1977, pp. 53103.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  5. American Medical Association: Manual on Alcoholism, 3rd ed. Chicago, AMA, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Mendelson JH, Mello NK: The diagnosis of alcoholism. In: Mendelson JH, Mello NK (eds.) The Diagnosis and Treatment of Alcoholism. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1979, p. 3.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Alcoholics Anonymous: This Is A.A.: An Introduction to the A.A. Recovery Program. New York, Alcoholics Anonymous, 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bissell L: Diagnosis and recognition. In: Gitlow SE, Peyser HS (eds.) Alcoholism: A Practical Treatment Guide. New York, Grune & Stratton, 1980, pp. 2345.

    Google Scholar 

  10. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: Alcohol-related accidents, crime and violence. In: No-

    Google Scholar 

  11. ble EP (ed.) Third Special Report to the US Congress on Alcohol and Health. Rockville, MD, US Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1978, pp. 61–66.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Tongue A: Five thousand years of drinking. In: Ewing JA, Rouse BA (eds.) Drinking: Alcohol in American Society: Issues and Current Research. Chicago, Nelson-Hall, 1979, pp. 31–38.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Loeb E: Primitive intoxicants. Stud Alcohol 4: 387398, 1943.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Seneca: Epistle LXXXIII: on drunkenness: classics of the alcohol literature. Q J Stud Alcohol 3: 302–307, 1942.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Rush B: An inquiry into the effects of alcohol: classics of the alcohol literature. QJ Stud Alcohol 4: 321–341, 1943.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Kurtz E: Beginnings. In: Not God: A History of Alcoholics Anonymous. Center City, MN, Hazelden Educational Services, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Whitfield CL: Medical education and alcoholism. Md State Med J 29: 77–83, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Schuckit MA, Goodwin DA, Winokor G: A study of alcoholism in half siblings. Am J Psychiatry 128: 1132–1136, 1972.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Vaillant GE: Natural history of male psychological health. VIII. Antecedents of alcoholism and “orality. ” Am J Psychiatry 137: 181–186, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Galanter M, Karasu TB, Plutchik R, Conte HR, Cohn L: Thought disorder in alcoholics. In: Galanter M (ed.) Currents in Alcoholism: Vol. VII, Recent Advances in Research and Treatment. New York, Grune & Stratton, 1980, pp. 245–252.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Barnes GE: The alcoholic personality. J Stud Alcohol 40: 571–634, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Ewing JA: Biopsychosocial approaches to drinkers and alcoholism. In: Fann W, Karacan I, et al. (eds.) Phenomenology and Treatment of Alcoholism. New York, SP Medical and Scientific Books, 1980, pp. 1–18.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  23. Wolin SJ, Bennett LA, Noonan DL: Family rituals and the recurrence of alcoholism over generations. Am J Psychiatry 136: 589–593, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Bacon MK: Alcohol use in tribal societies. In: Kissin B, Begleiter H (eds.) The Biology of Alcoholism: Vol. 4, Social Aspects of Alcoholism. New York, Plenum Press, 1976, pp. 1–36.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Calahan D, Cisin IH, Crossley HM: Personal correlates of drinking. In: American Drinking Practices. New Haven, CT, College University Press, 1969, pp. 125–183.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Popham R, Schmidt W, de Lint J: Government control measures to prevent hazardous drinking. In: Ewing JA, Rouse BA (eds.) Drinking: Alcohol in American Society-Issues and Current Research. Chicago, Nelson-Hall, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Parker AP, Wolz MW: Alcohol problems and the availability of alcohol. Alcoholism 3: 309–312, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Ritchie JM: The aliphatic alcohols. In: Goodman LS, Gilman A (eds.) The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. New York, Macmillan, 1970, pp. 135–150.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Eckardt MJ, Harford TC, Kaelber CT, et al: Health hazards associated with alcohol consumption. JAMA 246: 648–666, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Lieber CS, Sietz HK, Garro AJ, et al: Alcohol-related diseases and carcinogenesis. Cancer Res. 39: 2863 2886, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Lowenfels AB: Alcoholism and the risk of cancer. Ann NY Acad Sci 252: 366–373, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Lorber SH, Dinoso VP: Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In: Kissin B, Begleiter H (eds.) The Biology of Alcoholism: Vol. 3, Clinical Pathology. New York, Plenum, 1974, pp. 339–357.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  33. Green PHR, Tall AR: Drugs, alcohol, and malabsorption. Am J Med 67: 1066–1076, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Korsten MA, Lieber CS: Medical complications of alcoholism: hepatic system. In: Tarter RE, Sugarman AA (eds.) Alcoholism: Interdisciplinary Approaches to an Enduring Problem. Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley, 1976, pp. 107–169.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Seixas FA: The medical complications of alcoholism. In: Gitlow SE, Peyser HS (eds.) Alcoholism: A Practical Treatment Guide. New York Grune & Stratton 198Q pp. 165–180.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Seixas F, Williams K, Eggleston S (eds.): Medical consequences of alcoholism. Ann NY Acad Sci 252, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Morgan R, Cagan EJ: Acute alcohol intoxication, the disulfiram reaction and methyl alcohol intoxication. In: Kissin B, Begleiter H (eds.) The Biology of Alcoholism: Vol. 3, Clinical Pathology. New York, Plenum, 1974, pp. 163–190.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  38. Miller WR, Munoz RF: Setting limits. In: How to Control Your Drinking. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice Hall, 1976, pp. 9–29.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Goodwin DW, Hill S: Short term memory and the alcoholic blackout. Ann NY Acad Sci 215: 195–199, 1973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Gross MM, Goodenough DR, Hastey JM, Lewis E: Experimental study of sleep in chronic alcoholics before, during, and after four days of heavy drinking with a nondrinking comparison. Ann NY Acad Sci 215: 254265, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Wallgren H, Barry H: Some basic data on the chemistry and pharmacology of ethyl alcohol. In: Actions of Alcohol: Vol. I, Biochemical, Physicological and Psychological Aspects. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1970, pp. 17–76.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Wallgren H, Barry H: Prolonged exposure to alcohol. In: Actions of Alcohol: Vol. II, Chronic and Clinical Aspects. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1970, pp. 479–620.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Mendelson JH, Mello NK: Biologic concomitants of alcoholism. N Engl J Med 301: 912–921, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Mendelson J: Basic mechanisms of tolerance and physical dependence. In: Gross MM (ed.) Alcohol Intoxication and Withdrawal: Experimental Studies. New York, Plenum Press, 1973, pp. 3–55.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Kelly M, Myrsten A, Nevi A, et al: Effects and aftereffects of alcohol on physiological and psychological functions in man a controlled study. Blutalkohol 7: 423–436, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Gitlow SE: An overview. In: Gitlow SE, Peyser HS (eds.) Alcoholism: A Practical Treatment Guide. New York, Grune & Stratton, 1980, pp. 1–22.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Jellinek EM: Formulations of the disease nature of alcoholism. In: The Disease Concept of Alcoholism. New Haven, CT, College & University Press, 1960, pp. 33–155.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  48. Freund G: Diseases of the nervous system associated with alcoholism. In: Tarter RE, Sugarman AA (eds.) Alcoholism: Interdisciplinary Approaches to an Enduring Problem. Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley, 1976, pp. 171–202.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Graham T, Baulk K: Effect of alcohol ingestion on man’s thermoregulatory responses during cold water immersion. Aviat Space Environ Med 51: 155–159, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: Psychological effects of alcohol. In: Noble EP (ed.) Third Special Report to the US Congress on Alcohol and Health. Rockville, MD, US Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1978, pp. 53–55.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Brody JA, Mills GS: On considering alcohol as a r isk factor in specific diseases. Am J Epidemiol 107: 46 2465, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  52. LaForte RE, Cresanta JL, Kuller LH: The relationship of alcohol consumption to atherosclerotic heart disease. Prevent Med 9: 22–40, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Robinette, CD, Hrubec Z, Fraumeni J: Chronic alcoholism and subsequent mortality in World War II veterans. Am J Epidemiol 109: 686–700, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Linnoila M, Mattila MJ, Kitchell BS: Drug interactions with alcohol. Drugs 18: 299–311, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Baudet M, Rigand M, Rocha M, Bardet J, Bourdarias JP: Reversibility of alcoholic cardiomyopathy with abstention from alcohol. Cardiology 64: 317–324, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Klatsky AL, Friedman GD, Siegelaub AB: Alcohol consumption and blood pressure. N Eng1 J Med 296: 1194 1200 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Singer K, Lundberg WB: Ventricular arrhythmias associated with ingestion of alcohol. Ann Intern Med 77: 247–249, 1972.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Castelli WP, Gordon T, Hjortland MC, et al: Alcohol and blood lipids: the cooperative lipoprotein phenotyping study. Lancet 2: 153–155, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Hennekens CH, Willet W, Rosner B, Cole DS, Mayrent SL: Effects of beer, wine, and liquor in coronary deaths. JAMA 242: 1973–1974, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Lindenbaum J: Hematologic effects of alcohol. In: Kissin B, Begleiter H (eds.) The biology of Alcoholism: Vol. 3, Clinical Pathology. New York, Plenum, 1974, pp. 461–480.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  61. Axelrod D: Metabolic and endocrine aberrations in alcoholism. In: Kissin B, Begleiter H (eds.) The Biology of Alcoholism: Vol. 3, Clinical Pathology. New York, Plenum, 1974, pp. 291–302.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  62. Gordan GG, Southern AL, Lieber CS: Hypogonadism and feminization in the male: a triple effect of alcohol. Alcoholism 3: 210–212, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Pirola RC, Lieber CS: Acute and chronic pancreatitis. In: Kissin B, Begleiter H (eds.) The Biology of Alcoholism: Vol. 3, Clinical Pathology. New York, Plenum, 1974, pp. 359–402.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  64. Rubin E: Alcoholic myopathy in heart and skeletal muscle. N Engl J Med 301: 28–33, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Ewing JA: Recognizing, confronting, and helping the alcoholic. Am Family Physician 16: 107–114, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Jones K, Smith D: Recognition of the fetal alcohol syndrome in early infancy. Lancet 2: 999–1001, 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: Fetal alcohol syndrome and other effects on offspring. In: Noble EP (ed.) Third Special Report to the U.S. Congress on Alcohol and Health. Rockville, MD, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1978, pp. 39–45.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration: Surgeon General’s advisory on alcohol and pregnancy. FDA Drug Bull 11: 9–10, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Parker ES, Noble EP: Alcohol consumption and cognitive functioning in social drinkers. J Stud Alcohol 38: 1224–1232, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Tamerin JS, Mendelson JH: The psychodynamics of chronic inebriation: Observations of alcoholics during the process of drinking in an experimental group setting. Am J Psychiatry 125: 886–899, 1969.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Gross MM, Hastey JP: Sleep disturbances in alcoholism. In: Tarter RE, Sugerman AA (eds.) Alcoholism: Interdisciplinary Approaches to an Enduring Problem. Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley, 1976, pp. 257–307.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Wilkins RH: The Hidden Alcoholic in General Practice: A Method of Detection Using a Questionnaire. London, Elek Science, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  73. ZuskaJJ, PurshJA: Long term management. In: Gitlow SE, Peyser HS (eds.) Alcoholism: A Practical Treatment Guide. New York, Grune & Stratton, 1980, pp. 131–164.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Criteria Committee, National Council on Alcoholism: Criteria for the diagnosis of alcoholism. Ann Intern Med 77: 249–258, 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Epstein NB, McAuley RG: A family systems approach to patient’s emotional problems in family practice. In: Medalie JH (ed.) Family Medicine: Principles and Applications. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1978, pp. 223–229.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Knight JA: The family in the crisis of alcoholism. In: Gitlow SE, Peyser HS (eds.) Alcoholism: A Practical Treatment Guide. New York, Grune & Stratton, 1980, pp. 205–228.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Strauser SLA, Weinstein DL, Hernandez R: Effects of alcoholism on the family system. Health Social Work 4: 111–127, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Jacob T: An introduction to the alcoholic’s family. In: Galanter M (ed.) Currents in Alcoholism: Vol. VII, Recent Advances in Treatment and Research. New York, Grune & Stratton, 1980, pp. 505–513.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Cork RM: The Forgotten Children. Toronto Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Research Foundation, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  80. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: Prevention of alcohol-related problems. In: DeLuca JR (ed.) Fourth Report to the U.S. Congress on Alcohol and Health. Rockville, MD, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1981, pp. 103–121.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Mooney AJ: Alcohol use. In: Taylor RB (ed.) Health Promotion: Principles and Clinical Applications. New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Chafetz ME, Demone HW: Drinking and alcoholism in diffèrent cultures. In: Alcoholism and Society. New York, Oxford University Press, 1962, pp. 62–105.

    Google Scholar 

  83. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: Special problem groups. In: Noble EP (ed.) Third Special Report to the U.S. Congress on Alcohol and Health. Rockville, MD, Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1978, pp. 17–24.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Cahalan D, Cisin IH, Crossley HM: Demographic and sociological correlates of levels of drinking. In: American Drinking Practices. New Haven, CT, College and University Press, 1969, pp. 18–64.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Block MA: Motivating the alcoholic patient. In: Gitlow SE, Peyser HS (eds.) Alcoholism: A Practical Treatment Guide, New York, Grune & Stratton, 1980, pp. 47–71.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Orrego II, Blendis LM, Blake JE, et al: Reliability of assessment of alcohol intake based on personal interviews in a liver clinic. Lancet 2: 1354–1356, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Selzer ML, Vinokur A, van Rooijen L: A self-administered short Michigan alcoholism screening test (SMAST). J Stud Alcohol 36: 117–126, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Mayfield D, McLeod G, Hall P: The CAGE questionnaire: validation of a new alcoholism screening instrument. Am Psychiatry 131: 1121–1123, 1974.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Pollock M, Pierce E: Putting Theory into Practice: How We Did It with Intervention. Atlanta, Department of Human Resources, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Asma FE, Hilker RRJ, Shevlin JJ, Golden RG: Twenty-five years of rehabilitation of employees with drinking problems. J Occup Med 22: 241–244, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Von Wiegand RA: Advances in secondary prevention of alcoholism through the cooperative efforts of labor and management in employer organizations. Prevent Med 3: 80–85, 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Goldfarb C: Patients nobody wants: skid row alcoholics. Dis New Syst 31: 274–280, 1970.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Victor M: The role of hypomagnesemia and respiratory alkolosis in the genesis of alcohol-withdrawal symptoms. Ann NY Acad Sci 215: 235–248, 1973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Beard JD, Knott DH: The effect of alcohol on fluid and electrolyte metabolism. In: Kissin B, Begleiter H (eds.) The Biology of Alcoholism: Vol. I, Biochemistry. New York, Plenum, 1971, pp. 353–376.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Whitfield CL: Nondrug detoxification. In: Fann WE, Karacan I, Dokkorny AD, Williams RL (eds.) Phenomenology and Treatment of Alcoholism. New York, SP Medical and Scientific Books, 1980, pp. 305–320.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  96. Shulman GD, O’Connor RD: The rehabilitation of the alcoholic. In: Gitlow SE, Peyser HS (eds.) Alcoholism: A Practical Treatment Guide. New York, Grune & Stratton, 1980, pp. 103–129.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Groupe V (ed.) Alcoholism Rehabilitation: Methods and Experiences of Private Rehabilitation Centers. New Brunswick, NJ, Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Alcoholics Anonymous: Alcoholics Anonymous. New York, Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Alanon Family Groups: Alanon Faces Alcoholism. New York, Alanon Family Group Headquarters, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Dukes GE, Kuhn JG, Evens RP: Alcohol in pharmaceutical products. Am Family Physician 3: 397–103, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Busse S, Mulloy CT, Weise CE, et al: Disulfiram in the Treatment of Alcoholism: An Annotated Bibliography. Toronto Addiction Research Foundation of Ontario, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Al J. Mooney III
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Family and Community Medicine, Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University, 300 South Hawthorne Road, 27103, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA

    Robert B. Taylor M.D. (Professor) (Professor)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1983 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Mooney, A.J. (1983). Alcohol Abuse and Dependence. In: Taylor, R.B. (eds) Family Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4002-8_107

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4002-8_107

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-4004-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-4002-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation