Abstract
AGB stars provide a fascinating observational laboratory for investigating a range of chemical processes important in many applications of molecular astrophysics. Figure 5.1 outlines the basic chemical structure of an AGB cir-cumstellar envelope (CSE) and identifies the processes that dominate in each region. These include chemistry in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), which occurs at high density and temperature close to the stellar photosphere; the effects of shock waves driven by stellar pulsations, which expose molecules formed in LTE to new physical conditions and which can form “nonequilibrium” molecules; the nucleation of solid particles; the interaction of stellar photons with the dust particles and the subsequent interaction between the gas and the dust as the solid matter is ejected to large distances by radiation pressure; the growth of dust grains; and finally, the interaction of stellar material with the interstellar radiation field.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Amari, S., Hoppe, P., Zinner, E., and Lewis, R. S. Nature, 365, 806, 1993.
Andersen, A. C., Jorgensen, U. G., Nicolaisen, F. M., Sorensen, P. G., and Glejbol, K. A&A, 330, 1080, 1998.
Apponi, A. J., McCarthy, M. C., Gottlieb, C. A., and Thaddeus, P. ApJ, 516, L103, 1999.
Arndt, T. U., Fleischer, A. J., and Sedlmayr, E. A&A, 327, 614, 1997.
Avery, L. W., Amano, T., Bell, M. B., et al. ApJS, 83, 363, 1992.
Bachiller, R., Fuente, A., Bujarrabal, V., et al. A&A, 319, 235, 1997.
Bergman, P., Carlstrom, U., and Olofsson, H. A&A, 268, 685, 1993.
Bernath, P. F., Hinkle, K. H., and Ready, J. J. Science, 244, 562, 1989.
Bernatowicz, T. J., Amari, S., Zinner, E. K., and Lewis, R. S. ApJ, 373, L73, 1991.
Bernatowicz, T. J., Cowsik, R., Gibbons, P. C., et al. ApJ, 472, 760, 1996.
Bertschinger, E. and Chevalier, R. A. ApJ, 299, 167, 1985.
Bieging, J. H. and Nguyen Quang Rieu. ApJ, 343, L25, 1989.
Bieging, J. H., Shaked, S., and Gensheimer, P. D. ApJ, 543, 897, 2000.
Bieging, J. H. and Tafalla, M. A J, 105, 576, 1993.
Bowen, G. H. ApJ, 329, 299, 1988.
Boyle, R. J., Ready, J. J., Jennings, D. E., Hirsch, R. L., and Wiedemann, G. R. ApJ, 420, 863, 1994.
Brown, J. M. and Millar, T. J. MNRAS, 339, 1041, 2003.
Cadwell, B. J., Wang, H., Feigelson, E. D., and Frenklach, M. ApJ, 429, 285, 1994.
Cami, J., Yamamura, L, de Jong, T., et al. A&A, 360, 562, 2000.
Cau, P. Dust formation in carbon-rich AGB stars: the case of IRC+10216. PhD thesis, UMIST, 2001.
Cernicharo, J., Gottlieb, C. A., Guélin, M., et al. ApJ, 368, L43, 1991.
Cernicharo, J., Gottlieb, C. A., Guélin, M., Thaddeus, P., and Vrtilek, J. M. ApJ, 341, L25, 1989.
Cernicharo, J., Rahane, C., Guélin, M., and Hein, H. A&A, 181, L9, 1987.
Charnley, S. B. and Latter, W. B. MNRAS, 287, 538, 1997.
Cherchneff, I. In van Dishoeck, E., editor, IAU Symp. 178: Molecules in Astrophysics: Probes & Processes, volume 178, page 469. Kluwer Academic Publishing: Dordrecht, 1997.
Cherchneff, I., Barker, J. R., and Tielens, A. G. G. M. ApJ, 401, 269, 1992.
Choi, B., Wasserburg, G. J., and Huss, G. R. ApJ, 522, L133, 1999.
Dayal, A. and Bieging, J. H. ApJ, 407, L37, 1993.
Duari, D., Cherchneff, I., and Willacy, K. A&A, 341, L47, 1999.
Duari, D. and Hatchell, J. A&A, 358, L25, 2000.
Fleischer, A. J., Gauger, A., and Sedlmayr, E. A&A, 266, 321, 1992.
Fox, M. W. and Wood, P. R. ApJ, 297, 455, 1985.
Frenklach, M. and Feigelson, E. D. ApJ, 341, 372, 1989.
Gail, H.-P. and Sedlmayr, E. Farad. Disc, 109, 303, 1998.
Gail, H.-P. and Sedlmayr, E. A&A, 347, 594, 1999.
Geballe, T. R. Phil Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A, 358, 2503, 2000.
Gensheimer, P. D., Likkel, L., and Snyder, L. E. ApJ, 439, 445, 1995.
Glassgold, A. E. ApJ, 438, L111, 1995.
Glassgold, A. E. and Huggins, P. J. MNRAS, 203, 517, 1983.
Glassgold, A. E. and Huggins, P. J. ApJ, 306, 605, 1986.
Glassgold, A. E., Lucas, R., and Omont, A. A&A, 157, 35, 1986.
Glassgold, A. E. and Mamon, G. A. In Bohme, D. K., editor, Chemistry and Spectroscopy of Interstellar Molecules, page 261. University of Tokyo Press: Tokyo, 1992.
Gredel, R., Lepp, S., Dalgarno, A., and Herbst, E. ApJ, 347, 289, 1989.
Groesbeck, T. D., Phillips, T. G., and Blake, G. A. ApJS, 94, 147, 1994.
Guélin, M. and Cernicharo, J. A&A, 244, L21, 1991.
Guélin, M., Cernicharo, J., Travers, M. J., et al. A&A, 317, L1, 1997.
Guélin, M., Muller, S., Cernicharo, J., et al. A&A, 363, L9, 2000.
Guélin, M., Neininger, N., and Cernicharo, J. A&A, 335, L1, 1998.
Helling, C. and Winters, J. M. A&A, 366, 229, 2001.
Highberger, J. L., Apponi, A. J., Bieging, J. H., Ziurys, L. M., and Mangum, J. G. ApJ, 544, 881, 2000.
Hinkle, K. W., Keady, J. J., and Bernath, P. F. Science, 241, 1319, 1988.
Höfner, S. A&A, 346, L9, 1999.
Höfner, S., Jorgensen, U. G., Loidl, R., and Aringer, B. A&A, 340, 497, 1998.
Hoppe, P., Annen, P., Strebel, R., et al. ApJ, 487, L101, 1997.
Hoppe, P., Strebel, R., Eberhardt, P., Amari, S., and Lewis, R. S. In Lunar and Planetary Institute Conference, volume 25, page 563, 1994.
Howe, D. A., Hartquist, T. W., and Williams, D. A. MNRAS, 271, 811, 1994.
Howe, D. A. and Millar, T. J. MNRAS, 244, 444, 1990.
Howe, D. A. and Millar, T. J. MNRAS, 282, L21, 1996.
Howe, D. A. and Williams, D. A. In Hartquist, T. and Williams, D., editors, The Molecular Astrophysics of Stars and Galaxies, page 347. Clarendon Press: Oxford, 1998.
Huggins, P. J., Bachiller, R., Cox, P., and Forveille, T. ApJ, 401, L43, 1992.
Huggins, P. J. and Glassgold, A. E. AJ, 87, 1828, 1982.
Huss, G. R., Fahey, A. J., Gallino, R., and Wasserburg, G. J. ApJ, 430, L81, 1994.
Hutcheon, I. D., Huss, G. R., Fahey, A. J., and Wasserburg, G. J. ApJ, 425, L97, 1994.
Jura, M. ApJ, 275, 683, 1983.
Jura, M. and Kahane, C. ApJ, 521, 302, 1999.
Jura, M. and Morris, M. ApJ, 292, 487, 1985.
Kawaguchi, K., Kasai, Y., Ishikawa, S., and Kaifu, N. PASJ, 47, 853, 1995.
Ready, J. J. and Ridgway, S. T. ApJ, 406, 199, 1993.
Keene, J., Young, K., Phillips, T. G., Buettgenbach, T. H., and Carlstrom, J. E. ApJ, 415, L131, 1993.
Kendall, T. R., Mauron, N., McCombie, J., and Sarre, P. A&A, 387, 624, 2002.
Lucas, R. and Guélin, M. In Watt, G. and Webster, A., editors, Submillimeter Astronomy, page 97. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1990.
Lucas, R. and Guélin, M. In Le Bertre, T., Lèbre, A., and Waelkens, C., editors, IAU Symp. 191: Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars, page 305. ASP: San Francisco, 1999.
Lucas, R., Guélin, M., Kahane, C., Audinos, P., and Cernicharo, J. Ap&SS, 224, 293, 1995.
Mackay, D. D. S. and Charnley, S. B. MNRAS, 302, 793, 1999.
Mamon, G. A., Glassgold, A. E., and Huggins, P. J. ApJ, 328, 797, 1988.
Mamon, G. A., Glassgold, A. E., and Omont, A. ApJ, 323, 306, 1987.
Markwick, A. J. Chemistry in Dynamically Evolving Astrophysical Regions. PhD thesis, UMIST, 2000.
Markwick, A. J. and Millar, T. J. A&A, 359, 1162, 2000.
Mauron, N. and Huggins, P. J. A&A, 349, 203, 1999.
Mauron, N. and Huggins, P. J. A&A, 359, 707, 2000.
Millar, T. J., Flores, J. R., and Markwick, A. J. MNRAS, 327, 1173, 2001.
Millar, T. J. and Herbst, E. A&A, 288, 561, 1994.
Millar, T. J., Herbst, E., and Bettens, R. P. A. MNRAS, 316, 195, 2000.
Monnier, J. D., Danchi, W. C., Hale, D. S., Tuthill, P. G., and Townes, C. H. ApJ, 543, 868, 2000.
Ohishi, M., Kaifu, N., Kawaguchi, K., et al. ApJ, 345, L83, 1989.
Olofsson, H. In van Dishoeck, E., editor, IAU Symp. 178: Molecules in Astrophysics: Probes & Processes, page 457. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, 1997.
Olofsson, H., Bergman, P., Lucas, R., et al. A&A, 353, 583, 2000.
Osterbart, R., Balega, Y. Y., Blöcker, T., Men’shchikov, A. B., and Weigelt, G. A&A, 357, 169, 2000.
Ryde, N., Eriksson, K., and Gustafsson, B. A&A, 341, 579, 1999.
Sahai, R. and Bieging, J. H. A J, 105, 595, 1993.
Schröder, K.-P., Winters, J. M., and Sedlmayr, E. A&A, 349, 898, 1999.
Sharp, C. M. and Huebner, W. F. ApJS, 72, 417, 1990.
Turner, B. E. ApJ, 388, L35, 1992.
Weigelt, G., Balega, Y., Bloecker, T., et al. A&A, 333, L51, 1998.
Willacy, K. and Cherchneff, I. A&A, 330, 676, 1998.
Willacy, K. and Millar, T. J. A&A, 324, 237, 1997.
Willson, L. A. and Bowen, G. H. Nature, 312, 429, 1984.
Woods, P. M., Millar, T. J., Herbst, E., and Zijlstra, A. A. A&A, 402, 189, 2003.
Yamamoto, S., Saito, S., Kawaguchi, K., Kaifu, N., and Suzuki, H. ApJ, 317, L119, 1987.
Yamamura, L, de Jong, T., Onaka, T., Cami, J., and Waters, L. B. F. M. A&A, 341, L9, 1999.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Millar, T.J. (2004). Molecule and Dust Grain Formation. In: Habing, H.J., Olofsson, H. (eds) Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars. Astronomy and Astrophysics Library. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3876-6_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3876-6_5
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-1843-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-3876-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive