Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Interventional and Endovascular Therapy of the Nervous System pp 291–311Cite as

Arteriovenous Malformations of the Brain

  • Chapter

  • 112 Accesses

Abstract

Arteriovenous Malformations of the brain are uncommon disorders with a prevalence of < 1%.1,2 The incidence of asymptomatic AVMs in autopsy series is very small, and therefore it can be assumed that most or virtually all AVMs become symptomatic during a lifetime. An increased prevalence of AVMs is seen in certain conditions such as hereditary he-morrhagic teleangiectasia.3 The morbidity and mor-tality associated with AVMs are primarily related to the propensity of these lesions to bleed sponta-neously into the brain parenchyma or into the sub-arachnoid space. Other epiphenomena related to AVMs such as deep or cortical venous hypertension, arterial steal, or hydrocephalus are usually of lesser importance. Approximately half of AVMs present with intracranial hemorrhage,4 with an initial mor-tality rate of approximately 10% and morbidity of 25% to 58%.5,6 However, the prospects for mean-ingful recovery following intracranial hemorrhage from an AVM seem better than those following in-tracranial hemorrhage from other causes such as aneurysmal rupture or hypertension.7

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Mccormlcx WF (1984) Pathology of Vascular Malformations of the Brain. In: Wilson CB, Stein BM, eds. Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 44–63.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Berman MF, Sciacca PR, Pile-Spellman J, Stapf C, Sander Connolly E, Mohr JP, Young WL (2000) The epidemiology of brain arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery 47: 389–397.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Kikuchi K, Kowada M, Sasaiima H (1994) Vascular mal-formations of the brain in hereditary hemorrhagic teleangiectasia (Rendu-Osler-Weber disease). Surg Neurol 41: 374380.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Mast H, Young WL, Koennecke HC, Sciacca RR, Osipov A, Pile-Spellman J, Hacein-Bey L, Duong H, Stein BM, Mohr JP (1997) Risk of spontaneous haemorrhage after diagnosis of cerebral arteriovenous malformation. Lancet 350: 1065–1068.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Ondra SL, Troupp H, George ED, Schwab K (1990) The natural history of symptomatic arteriovenous malformations of the brain: a 24-year follow-up assessment. J Neurosurg 73: 387–391.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Graf CJ, Perret GE, Torner JC (1983) Bleeding from cerebral arteriovenous malformations as part of their natural history. J Neurosurg 58: 331–337.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Hartmann A, Mast H, Mohr JP, Koennecke HC, Osipov A, Pile-Spellman J, Duong DH, Young WL (1998) Mor-bidity of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformation. Stroke 29: 931–934.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Crawford PM, West CR, Chadwick DW, Shaw MDM (1986) Arteriovenous malformations of the brain. Natural history in unoperated patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 49: 1–10.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Fults D, Kelly DL JR (1984) Natural history of arteriovenous malformations of the brain: a clinical study. Neurosurgery 15: 658–662.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kondziolka D, Mclaughlin MR, Kestle JR (1995) Sim-ple risk predictions for arteriovenous malformation hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 37: 851–855.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Pollock BE, Flickinger JE, Lundsford LD, Bissonette DJ, Kondziolka D (1996) Factors that predict the bleeding risk of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Stroke 27: 1–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Kader A, Young WL, Pile-Spellman J, Mast H, Sciacca RR, Mohr JP, Stein BM (1994) The influence of hemodynamic and anatomic factors on hemorrhage from cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery 34: 801–807.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Marks MP, Lane B, Steinberg GK, Chang PJ (1990) Hem-orrhage in intracerebral arteriovenous malformations: Angiographie determinants. Radiology 176: 807–813.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Turjiman F, Massoud TF, Vinuela F, Sayre JW, Guglielmi G, Duckwiler G (1995) Correlation of the angioarchitectural features of cerebral arteriovenous malformations with clinical presentation of hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 37: 856–862.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Spetzler RF, Hargraves RW, Mccormick PW, Zabramski JM, Flom RA, Zimmerman RS (1992) Relationship of perfusion pressure and size to risk of hemorrhage from arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg 76: 918–923.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Vinuela F, Nombela L, Roach MR, Foxaj, Pelz DM(1985) Stenotic and occlusive disease of the venous drainage system of deep brain AVMs. J Neurosurg 63: 180–184.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Mansmann U, Meisel J, Brock M, Rodesch G, Alvarez H, Lasiaunias P (2000) Factors associated with intracranial hemorrhage in cases of cerebral arteriovenous malformation. Neurosurgery 46: 272–281.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Itoyama Y,Uemura S, Ushio Y,Kuratsu J, Nonaka N, Wada H, Sano Y, Fukumura A, Yoshida K, Yano T (1989) Natural course of unoperated intracranial arteriovenous malformations: study of 50 cases. J Neurosurg 71:805–809.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Turjiman F, Massoud TF, Vinuela F, Sayre JW, Guglielmi G, Duckwiler G (1994) Aneurysms related to cerebral arteriovenous malformations: superselective angiographie assessment in 58 patients. AJNR 15: 1601–1605.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Perata HJ, Tomsick TA, Tew JM JR (1994) Feeding artery pedicle aneurysms: association with parenchymal hemorrhage and arteriovenous malformation in the brain. J Neurosurg 80: 631–634.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Norris JS, Valiante TA, Wallace MC, Willinsky RA, Montanera WJ, Terbrugge KG, Tymianski M (1999) A simple relationship between radiological arteriovenous malformation hemodynamics and clinical presentation: a prospective, blinded analysis of 31 cases. J Neurosurg 90: 673–679.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Feindel W, Yamamoto YL, Hodge CP (1971) Red cerebral veins and the cerebral steal syndrome. Evidence from fluorescein angiography and microregional blood flow by radioisotopes during excision of an angioma. J Neurosurg 35: 167–179.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Meyer B, Schaller C, Frenkel C, Schramm J (1998) Phys-iological steal around AVMs of the brain is not equivalent to cortical ischemia. Neurolog Res 20 (suppl 1): S13 - S17.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Mast H, Mohr JP, Osipov A, Pile-Spellman J, Marshall RS, Lazar RM, Stein BM, Young WL (1995) Steal is an unestablished mechanism for the clinical presentation of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Stroke 26: 12151220.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Fink GR (1992) Effects of cerebral angiomas on perifocal and remote tissue: a multivariate positron emission tomography study. Stroke 23: 1099–1105.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Young WL, Pile-Spellman J, Prohovnik I, Kader A, Stein BM (1994) Evidence for adaptive autoregulatory displacement in hypotensive cortical territories adjacent to arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery 34: 601–610.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Fogarty-Mack P, Pile-Spellman J, Hacein-Bey L, Osipov A, Demeritt J, Jackson EC, Young WL (1996) The effect of arteriovenous malformations on the distribution of intracerebral arterial pressures. AJNR 17: 1443–1449.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Joshi S, Young WL, Pile-Spellman J, Fogarty-Mack P, Sciacca RR, Hacein-BEY L, Duong H, Vulliemoz Y, Ostapkovtch N, Jackson T (1997) Intra-arterial nitrovasodilators do not increase cerebral blood flow in angiographically normal territories of arteriovenous malformation patients. Stroke 28: 1115–1122.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Young WL, Kader A, Ornstein E, Baker KZ, Ostapkovich N, Pile-Spellman J, Fogarty-Mack P, Stein BM (1996) Cerebral hyperemia after arteriovenous malformation re- section is related to breakthrough complications but not to feeding artery pressure. The Columbia University Arteriovenous Malformation Study Project. Neurosurgery 38: 1085–1093.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Awad IA, Magdinec M, Schubert A (1994) Intracranial hypertension after resection of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Predisposing factors and management strategy. Stroke 25: 611–620.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Spetzler RF, Wilson CB, Weinstein P, Mehdorn M, Townsend J, Telles D (1978) Normal perfusion pressure breakthrough theory. Clin Neurosurg 25: 651–672.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Kato Y, Sano H, Nonomura K, Kanno T, Katada K, Takeshita G, Toyama H (1997) Normal perfusion pressure breakthrough syndrome in giant arteriovenous malformations. Neurolog Res 19: 117–123.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Young WL, Kader A, Prohovnik I, Ornstein E, Fleischer LH, Ostapkovich N, Jackson LD, Stein BM (1993) Pres-sure autoregulation is intact after arteriovenous malformation resection. Neurosurgery 32: 491–496.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Spetzler RF, Hamilton MG (1993) Pressure autoregulation is intact after arteriovenous malformation resection. Neurosurgery 33: 772–774.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Hoffman WE, Charbel FT, Edelman G, Abood C (1996) Brain tissue response to CO2 in patients with arteriovenous malformation. J Cerebral Blood Flow Metabol 16: 1383–1386.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Spetzler RF, Martin NA (1986) A proposed grading system for arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg 65: 476483.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Hamilton MG, Spetzler RF (1994) The prospective application of a grading system for arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery 34: 2–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Spetzler RF, Zabramski JM (1998) Surgical management of large AVMs. Acta Neurochirurgica-Supplementum 42: 93–97.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Kondziolka D, Humphreys RP, Hoffman HJ, Hendrick EB, Drake JM (1992) Arteriovenous malformations of the brain in children: a forty year experience. Can J Neurol Sci 19: 40–45.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Horsley V, Clarke RH (1908) The structure and functions of the cerebellum examined by a new method. Brain 31: 45–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Leksell L (1951) The stereotaxic method and radiosurgery of the brain. Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica 102: 316–319.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Leksel L (1968) Cerebral radiosurgery I. Gammathalamotomy in two cases of intractable pain. Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica 134: 585–595.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Lunsford LD, Kondziolka D, Flickinger JC, Bissonette DJ, Jungreis CA, Maitz AH, Horton JA, Coffey RJ (1991) Stereotactic radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations of the brain. J Neurosurg 75: 512–524.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Karlsson B, Lindquist C, Steiner L (1997) Prediction of obliteration after gamma knife surgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery 40: 425–430.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Harsh G, Loeffler JS, Thornton A, Smith A, Bussiere M, Chapman PH (1999) Stereotactic proton radiosurgery. mations arterio-veineuses intracranienne. Neurochirurgie Neurosurg Clin North Am 10:243–256. 38: 27–134.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Chang SD, Shuster DL, Steinberg GK, Levy RP, Frankel R. Engenhart R, Wowra B, Debus J (1994) The role of high-K Stereotactic radiosurgery of arteriovenous mal dose single-fraction irradiation in small and larger intra-formations: pathologic changes in resected tissue. Clin cranial arteriovenous malformations. International J Radia-Neuropathol 16: 111–116.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Voges J, Treuer H, Lehrke R, Kocher M, Staar S, Muller M. Mehta MP (1995) The physical, biologic, and clinical ba analysis of L1NAC radiosurgery sis of radiosurgery. Curr Probl Cancer 19: 265–329.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Flickinger JC, Kondziolka D, Lunsford LD, Pollock BE, Initial results. phy in gamma knife radiosurgery of intracranial arteri, Mayo Clin Proc 74: 5–13.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Kjellberg RN, Hanamura T, Davis KR, Lyons SL, Adams Y. Guo WY, Lindqvist M, Lindquist C, Ericson K, Nordell RD (1983) Bragg-Peak proton-beam therapy for arteri B ovenous malformations of the brain. N Engl J Med 309: 269–274.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. SSteinberg GK, Fabrikant JI, Marks MP, Levy RP, Frankel D. Fournier D, Terbrugge KG, Willinsky R, Lasjaunias P, KA, Phillips MH, Shuer LM, Silverberg GD (1991) Endovascular treatment of intrac-arteriovenous malformations. Stereotactic Functional Neu cases. J Neurosurg 75: 228–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Colombo F, Pozza F, Chierego G, Francescon P, (1994) Casen of cerebral arteries. Report of use in a case of arteriove-Linear accelerator radiosurgery nous malformation. Acta Neurochirurgica Supplementum 62: 5–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Pollock BE, Flickinger JC, Lunsford LD, Bissonette DJ, Kondziolka D (1996) Management of large cerebral arteriovenous malforma- Hemorrhage risk after stereotactic tions. J Neurosurg 23: 400–417.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Karlsson B, Lindquist C, Steiner L (1996) The effect of Linear using biplane digital subtraction angiography for cerebral accelerator radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurg 21: 85–91.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Porter PJ, Shin AY, Detsky AS, Lefaive L, Wallace MC Mericle RA, Hopkins LN (1998) Linear using biplane digital subtraction angiography for cerebral accelerator radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations Stand Neurosurg 24: 131–214, 1998

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Rudin S, Wakhloo AK, Lieber BB, Granger W, Divani AA, (1995) Management. Neurosurg Clin North Am 10: 203–242.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Friedman WA, Bova FJ, Mendenhall WM (1995) Linear using biplane digital subtraction angiography for cerebral accelerator radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations: arteriovenous malformation blood flow path and velocity the relationship of size to outcome. AJNR 20: 1110–1114.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Loeffler JS, Alexander EI, Siddon RL (1989) A novel approach to flow tion Oncol Biol Physics 17: 673–677.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Betti O, Munari C, Rosier R (1992) Traitment radio-(Ethiodol droplet) angiography. J Neurosurg 89: 395–404.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Engenhart R, Wowra B, Debus J (1994) The role of high dose single-fraction irradiation in small and larger intra-cranial arteriovenous malformations. International J Radia-tion Oncol Biol Physics 30: 521–529.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Mehta MP (1995) The physical, biologic, and clinical ba-sis of radiosurgery. Curr Probl Cancer 19:265–329

    Google Scholar 

  61. Pollock BE, Gorman DA, Schomberg Pl., Kline RW (1999) The Mayo Clinic gamma knife experience: indications and initial results. Mayo Clin Proc 74: 5–13.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Pollock BE, Lunsford LD, Kondziolka D (1994) Patient outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery for operable ar-teriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery 35: 1–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Pollock BE (1999) Stereotactic radiosurgery for arteri-ovenous malformations. Neurosurg Clin North Am 10: 281–290.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Guo WY, Lindqvist M, Lindquist C, Ericson K, Nordel B, Karlsson B, Kihlstrom L (1992) Stereotaxic angiogra-phy in gamma knife radiosurgery of intracranial arteri-ovenous malformations. AJNR 13: 1107–1114.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Fournier D, Terbrugge KG, Willinsky R, Lasjaunias P Montanera W (1991) Endovascular treatment of intrac-erebral arteriovenous malformations: experience in cases. J Neurosurg 75: 228–233.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Luessenhop AJ, Spence WT (1960) Artificial embolization of cerebral arteries. Report of use in a case of arteriove-nous malformation. DAMA 172: 1153–1155.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Luessenhop AJ, Kachmann R, Shevlin W, Ferrero AA (1965) Clinical evaluation of artificial embolization in the management of large cerebral arteriovenous malforma-tions. J Neurosurg 23: 400–417

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Luessenhop AJ, Velasquez AC (1964) Observations on the tolerance of the intracranial arteries to catheterization. J Neurosurg 21: 85–91.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Valavanis A, Yasargil MG. (1998) The endovascular treat-ment of brain arteriovenous malformations. Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg 24: 131–214, 1998

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Zoarski GH, Lilly MP, Sperling JS, Mathis JM (1999) Sur-gically confirmed incorporation of a chronically retained neurointerventional microcatheter in the carotid artery. AJNR 20: 177–178.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Rudin S, Wakhloo AK, Lieber BB, Granger W, Divani AA, Bednarek DR, Hopkins LN (1999) Microdroplet tracking using biplane digital subtraction angiography for cerebral arteriovenous malformation blood flow path and velocity determinations. AJNR 20: 1110–1114.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Wakhloo AK, Lieber BB, Rudin S, Fronckowiak MD, Mericle RA, Hopkins LN (1998) A novel approach to flow quantification in brain arteriovenous malformations prior to enbucrilate embolization: use of insoluble contrast (Ethiodol droplet) angiography. J Neurosurg 89: 395–404.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Wikholm G, Lundqvist C, Svendsen P (1995) Transarter-chirugical avec accelerateur lineaire des petites malfor ial embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations: improvement of results with experience. AJNR 16: 18111817.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Klara PM, George ED, Mcdonnell DE (1985) Morphological studies of human arteriovenous malformations. Effects of isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate embolization. JNeurosurg 63: 421–425.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Rao VR, Mandalam KR, Gupta AK (1989) Dissolution of isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate on long-term follow-up. AJNR 10: 135–141.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Gruber A, Mazal PR, Bavinzski G, Killer M, Budka H, Richling B (1996) Repermeation of partially embolized cerebral arteriovenous malformations: a clinical, radio-logic, and histologic study. AJNR 17: 1323–1331.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Vinters HV, Lundie MJ, Kaufmann JCE (1986) Long-term pathological follow-up of cerebral arteriovenous malformations treated by embolization with bucrylate. N Engl J Med 314: 477–483.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Schweitzer JS, Chang BS, Madsen P, Vinuela F, Martin NA, Marroquin CE, Vinters HV (1993) The pathology of arteriovenous malformations of the brain treated by embolotherapy. II. Results of embolization with multiple agents. Neuroradiology 35: 468–474.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. White RI, Strandberg JV, Gross GS, Barth KH (1977) Therapeutic embolization with long-term occluding agents and their effects on embolized tissues. Radiology 125: 677–687.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Afar JJ, Davis A, Berenstein A, Choi IS, Kupersmith MJ (1993) The effect of embolization with N-butyl cyanoacrylate prior to surgical resection of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg 78: 60–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Demeritt JS, Pile-Spellman J, Mast H, Moohan N, Lu DC, Young WL, Hacein-Bey L, Mohr JP, Stein BM (1995) Outcome analysis of preoperative embolization with N-butyl cyanoacrylate in cerebral arteriovenous malformations. AJNR 16: 1801–1807.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Purdy PD, Batjer HH, Risser RC, Samson D (1992) Arteriovenous malformations of the brain: choosing embolic materials to enhance safety and ease of excision. J Neurosurg 77: 217–222.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Wallace RC, Flom RA, Khayata MH, Dean BL, Mckenzie J, Rand JC, Obuchowski NA, Zepp RC, Zabramski JM, Spetzler RF (1995) The safety and effectiveness of brain arteriovenous malformation embolization using acrylic and particles: the experiences of a single institution. Neurosurgery 37:606–615.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Repa I, Moradian GP, Denher LP (1989) Mortalities associated with the use of a commercial suspension of polyvinyl alcohol. Radiology 170: 395–399.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Mathis JA, Barr JD, Horton JA, Jungreis CA, Lunsford LD, Kondziolka DS, Vincent D, Pentheny S (1995) The efficacy of particulate embolization combined with stereo-tactic radiosurgery for treatment of large arteriovenous malformations of the brain. AJNR 16: 299–306.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Sorimachi T, Koike T, Takeuchi S, Minakawa T, Abe H, Nishimaki K, ITO Y, Tanaka R (2000) Embolization of cere-bral arteriovenous malformations achieved with polyvinyl alcohol particles: angiographic reappearance and complications. AJNR 20: 1323–1328.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Ha-Kawa SK, Kariya H, Murata T, Tanaka Y (1998) Successful transcatheter embolotherapy with a new platinum microcoil: the Berenstein Liquid Coil. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 21: 297–299.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Yakes WF, Rossi P, Odink H (1996) How I do it. Arteriovenous malformation management. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 19: 65–71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Vinuela F (1995) The safety and effectiveness of brain arteriovenous malformation embolization using acrylic and particles (Comment). Neurosurgery 37: 615–616.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Deveikis JP, Manz HJ, Luessenhop AJ, Caputy AJ, Kobrine AI, Schellinger D, Patronas N (1994) A clinical and neuropathologie study of silk suture as an embolic agent for brain arteriovenous malformations. AJNR 15: 263–271.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Song JK, Eskridge JM, Chung EC, Blake LC, Elliott JP Finch L, Niakan C, Maravilla KR, Winn HR (2000) Pre-operative embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations with silk sutures: analysis and clinical correlation of complications revealed on computerized tomography scanning. J Neurosurg 92: 955–960.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Schmutz F, Mcauliffe W, Anderson DM, Elliott JP, Eskridge JM, Winn HR (1997) Embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations with silk: histopathologic changes and hemorrhagic complications. AJNR 18: 1233–1237.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Murayama Y, Vinuela F, Ulhoa A, Akiba Y, Duckwiler GR, Gobin YP, Vinters HV, Greff RJ (1998) Nonadhesive liquid embolic agent for cerebral arteriovenous malformations: preliminary histopathological studies in swine rete mirabile. Neurosurgery 43: 1164–1175.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Duckwiler GR, Dion JE, Vinuela F, Reichmann A (1992) Delayed venous occlusion following embolotherapy of vascular malformations in the brain. AJNR 13: 1571–1579.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Miyasaka Y, Kurata A, Tanaka R, Irikura K, Yamada M, Fuji K (1998) The significance of retrograde thrombosis following removal of arteriovenous malformations in elderly patients. Surg Neurol 49: 399–405.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Han MH, Chang KH, Han DH, Yeon KM, Han MC (1994) Preembolization functional evaluation in supratentorial cerebral arteriovenous malformations with superselective intraarterial injection of thiopental sodium solution. Acta Radiologica 35: 212–216.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Rauch RA, Vinuela F, Dion J, Duckwiler G, Amos EC, Jordan SE, Martin N, Jensen ME, Bentson J (1992) PIeem-bolization functional evaluation in brain arteriovenous malformations: the ability of superselective amytal test to predict neurologic dysfunction before embolization. AJNR 13: 309–314.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Chaloupka JC, Vinuela F, Sakai N, Vinters HV, Robert J, Duckwiler GR (1994) Potential toxic effects of superselective injection of amobarbital sodium on microvasculature: a study in an animal model. AJNR 15: 1529–1536.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Rauch RA, Vinuela F, Dion J, Duckwiler G, Amos EC, Jordan SE, Martin N, Jensen ME, Bentson J, Thibault L (1992) Preembolization functional evaluation in brain arteriovenous malformations: the superselective amytal test. AJNR 13: 303–308.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Aletich VA, Debrun GM, Koenigsberg R, Ausman Jl, Charbel F, Duiovny M (1997) Arteriovenous malformation nidus catheterization with hydrophilic wire and flow-directed catheter. AJNR 18: 929–935.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Mathis JM, Evans AJ, Denardo AJ, Kennett K, Crandall JR, Jensen ME, Dion JE (1997) Hydrophilic coatings diminish adhesion of glue to catheter: an in vitro simulation of NBCA embolization. AJNR 18: 1087–1091.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Pile-Spellman J, Young WL, Joshi S, Duong H, Vang MC, Hartmann A, Kahn RA, Rubin DA, Prestigiacomo CJ, Ostapkovich ND (1999) Adenosine-induced cardiac pause for endovascular embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations: technical case report. Neurosurgery 44: 881–886.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Debrun GM, Aletich V, Ausman JI, Charbel F, Dujovny M (1997) Embolization of the nidus of brain arteriovenous malformations with n-butyl cyanoacrylate. Neurosurgery 40: 112–120.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Dion JE, Mathis JM (1994) Cranial arteriovenous malformations. The role of embolization and stereotactic surgery. Neurosurg Clin North Am 5: 459–474.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, 27157, Winston-Salem, NC, USA

    Pearse Morris MD

Authors
  1. Pearse Morris MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Morris, P. (2002). Arteriovenous Malformations of the Brain. In: Interventional and Endovascular Therapy of the Nervous System. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3673-1_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3673-1_15

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-2903-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-3673-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation