Abstract
Partly as the result of historical circumstance, most people in the United States are not paying sales taxes on their purchases over the Internet. As a result, state and local officials are quite agitated that the rise of the Internet will severely erode the state and local tax base. Their fear, as spelled out by Newman (1995), is that “state and local government finances are becoming road kill on the information superhighway.” Although sales taxes on physical goods have received most of the attention, other tax issues such as the taxation of Internet access and international taxation of Internet commerce are also important.
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References
Advisory Commission on Electronic Commerce. 2000. Report to Congress. <http://www.ecommercecommission.org/acec_report.pdf>.
Advisory Council on Intergovernmental Relations. 1986. State and Local Taxation of Out-of-State Mail Order Sales. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
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Bell, Steven, Stan Dolberg, Shah Cheema, and Jeremy Sharrard. 1998. Resizing Online Business Trade. The Forrester Report 2, no. 5 (November).
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Cline, William, and Thomas Neubig. 1999. The Sky is Not Falling: Why State and Local Revenues Were Not Significantly Impacted by the Internet in 1998. Ernst and Young, Economics Consulting and Quantitative Analysis (June).
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Fox, William, and Matthew Murray. 1997. The Sales Tax and Electronic Com merce: So What’s New? National Tax Journal 50, no. 3: 573–592.
Goolsbee, Austan. 2000a. Competition in the Computer Industry: Retail Versus Online. Mimeo. University of Chicago, GSB.
Goolsbee, Austan. 2000b. In a World Without Borders: The Impact of Taxes on Internet Commerce. Quarterly Journal of Economics 115, no. 2 (May): 561–576.
Goolsbee, Austan. 2000c. Tax Sensitivity, Internet Commerce, and the Generation Gap. Pages 45–65 in Tax Policy and the Economy, volume 14, edited by James Poterba. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press
Goolsbee, Austan. 2000d. The Value of Broadband and the Deadweight Loss of Taxing New Technologies. Mimeo. University of Chicago, GSB.
Goolsbee, Austan, and Jonathan Zittrain. 1999. Evaluating the Costs and Benefits of Taxing Internet Commerce. National Tax Journal 52, no. 3 (September): 413–428.
Goolsbee, Austan, and Peter Klenow. 1999. Evidence on Learning and Network Externalities in the Diffusion of Home Computers. NBER WP#7329.
Graham, Senator Robert. 1999. Should the Internet Be Taxed? Communities Hurt if the Web Isn’t Taxed. Roll Call 22 February.
Hausman, Jerry. 1997. Valuing the Effect of Regulation on New Services in Telecommunications. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Microeconomics, 1–38.
Hausman, Jerry. 1998. Taxation by Telecommunications Regulation. Chapter 12 in Tax Policy and the Economy, edited by James Poterba. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Hellerstein, Walter. 1997a. Telecommunications and Electronic Commerce: Overview and Appraisal. State Tax Notes 12, no. 7: 519–26.
Hellerstein, Walter. 1997b. Transactions Taxes and Electronic Commerce: Designing State Taxes That Work in an Interstate Environment. National Tax Journal 50, no. 3: 593–606.
Hellerstein, Walter. 1997c. State Taxation of Electronic Commerce: Preliminary Thoughts on Model Uniform Legislation. Presented at the symposium on Multi-Jurisdictional Taxation of Electronic Commerce at Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass. State Tax Notes 12, no. 17, (5 April): 1315–24.
Kasrel, Bruce, Christopher Mines, and Karen Kopikis. 1999 From Dial-Up to Broadband. The Forrester Report (April).
McLure, Charles. 1997a. Electronic Commerce, State Sales Taxation, and Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations. National Tax Journal 50, no. 4: 731–750.
McLure, Charles. 1997b. Taxation Of Electronic Commerce: Economic Objectives, Technological Constraints, and Tax Law. Tax Law Review 52, no. 3 (Spring).
McLure, Charles. 1999a. Achieving Neutrality between Electronic and Nonelectronic Commerce. State Tax Notes 17, no. 3 (July): 193–97.
McLure, Charles. 1999b. Electronic Commerce and the State Retail Sales Tax: A Challenge to American Federalism. International Tax and Public Finance 6, no.2 (May): 193–224.
McQuivey, James, with Gillian DeMoulin. 2000. States Lose Half a Billion in Taxes to Web Retail. Technographics Brief. Forrester, Cambridge, Mass. (24 February).
Newman, Nathan. 1995. Prop 13 Meets the Internet: How State and Local Government Finances are Becoming Road Kill on the Information Superhighway. Mimeo. Center for Community Economic Research, University of California, Berkeley.
Nordan, Matthew M., Cliff Condon, Abigail Leland, and Wouter Aghina. 2000. Retail’s Pan-European Future. The Forrester Report (April).
Nordhaus, William. 2000. E-Commerce and Taxation. Mimeo. Yale University (9 June).
Pastore, Michael. 1999. Sales Tax Would Hurt E-Commerce. (19 September).
Prem, Richard, et al. 1999. Establishing a Framework to Evaluate E-Commerce Tax Policy Options. Report of Deloitte and Touche and University of California at Berkeley (December).
Romer, Paul. 1994. New Goods, Old Theory, and the Welfare Costs of Trade Restrictions. Journal of Development Economics 43: 5–38.
Tedeschi, Bob. 2000. Some Retailers Go against the Grain in Integrating Their Online Operations. New York Times (5 June).
Trandel, Gregory. 1992. Evading the Use Tax on Cross-Border Sales: Pricing and Welfare Effects. Journal of Public Economics 35: 333–354.
U.S. Bureau of the Census. Monthly Retail Sales. Various Issues. Bureau of the Cen sus. Washington, D.C.
U.S. General Accounting Office. 2000. Sales Taxes: Electronic Commerce Growth Presents Challenges: Revenue Losses are Uncertain. Report to Congressional Requesters (June). GAO/GGD/OCE-00–165.
Varian, Hal. 1999. Estimating the Demand for Bandwidth. Mimeo, University of California (August).
Varian, Hal. 2000. Taxation of Electronic Commerce. Mimeo. University of Cali fornia (March).
Williams, Seema, David Cooperstein, David Weisman, and Thalika Oum. 1999. Post-Web Retail. The Forrester Report (September).
Zodrow, George. 2000. Network Externalities and Preferential Taxation of E-Com- merce. Mimeo. Rice University.
Advisory Commission on Electronic Commerce. 2000. Report to Congress. <http://www.ecommercecommission.org/acec_report.pdf>.
Advisory Council on Intergovernmental Relations. 1986. State and Local Taxation of Out-of-State Mail Order Sales. Washington, D.C: Government Printing Office.
Becker, Gary. 2000. The Hidden Impact of Not Taxing E-Commerce. Business Week (28 February).
Bell, Steven, Stan Dolberg, Shah Cheema, and Jeremy Sharrard. 1998. Resizing On line Business Trade. The Forrester Report 2, no. 5 (November).
Bernhoff, Josh, Shelley Morrisette, and Kenneth Clemmer. 1998. Technographics Service Explained. The Forrester Report (January).
Boston Consulting Group. 1998. The State of Internet Retailing. Mimeo. (November).
Boston Globe. 1998. Governors Fear Tax Loss From Internet. December 31.
Bruce, Donald, and William Fox. 2000. E-Commerce in the Context of Declining State Sales Tax Bases. Mimeo. University of Tennessee Center for Business and Economic Research (April).
Brynjolfsson, Erik, and Michael Smith. 2000. The Great Equalizer? Consumer Choice at Internet Shopbots. Mimeo. MIT Sloan School (July).
Cline, William, and Thomas Neubig. 1999. The Sky is Not Falling: Why State and Local Revenues Were Not Significantly Impacted by the Internet in 1998. Ernst and Young, Economics Consulting and Quantitative Analysis (June).
Eads, James, Harley Duncan, Walter Hellerstein, Andrea Ireland, Paul Mines, and Bruce Reid. 1997. National Tax Association Communications and Electronic Commerce Tax Project Report No. 1 of the Drafting Committee. State Tax Notes 13: 1255. Doc 97–30985.
Fox, William, and Matthew Murray. 1997. The Sales Tax and Electronic Commerce: So What’s New? National Tax Journal 50, no. 3: 573–592.
Goolsbee, Austan. 2000a. Competition in the Computer Industry: Retail Versus Online. Mimeo. University of Chicago, GSB.
Goolsbee, Austan. 2000b. In a World Without Borders: The Impact of Taxes on Internet Commerce. Quarterly Journal of Economics 115, no. 2 (May): 561–576.
Goolsbee, Austan. 2000c. Tax Sensitivity, Internet Commerce, and the Generation Gap. Pages 45–65 in Tax Policy and the Economy, volume 14, edited by James Poterba. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Goolsbee, Austan. 2000d. The Value of Broadband and the Deadweight Loss of Taxing New Technologies. Mimeo. University of Chicago, GSB.
Goolsbee, Austan, and Jonathan Zittrain. 1999. Evaluating the Costs and Benefits of Taxing Internet Commerce. National Tax Journal 52, no. 3 (September): 413–428.
Goolsbee, Austan, and Peter Klenow. 1999. Evidence on Learning and Network Externalities in the Diffusion of Home Computers. NBER WP#7329.
Graham, Senator Robert. 1999. Should the Internet Be Taxed? Communities Hurt if the Web Isn’t Taxed. Roll Call 22 February.
Hausman, Jerry. 1997. Valuing the Effect of Regulation on New Services in Telecommunications. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Microeconomics, 1–38.
Hausman, Jerry. 1998. Taxation by Telecommunications Regulation. Chapter 12 in Tax Policy and the Economy, edited by James Poterba. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Hellerstein, Walter. 1997a. Telecommunications and Electronic Commerce: Overview and Appraisal. State Tax Notes 12, no. 7: 519–26.
Hellerstein, Walter. 1997b. Transactions Taxes and Electronic Commerce: Designing State Taxes That Work in an Interstate Environment. National Tax Journal 50, no. 3: 593–606.
Hellerstein, Walter. 1997c. State Taxation of Electronic Commerce: Preliminary Thoughts on Model Uniform Legislation. Presented at the symposium on Multi-Jurisdictional Taxation of Electronic Commerce at Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass. State Tax Notes 12, no. 17, (5 April): 1315–24.
Kasrel, Bruce, Christopher Mines, and Karen Kopikis. 1999 From Dial-Up to Broadband. The Forrester Report (April).
McLure, Charles. 1997a. Electronic Commerce, State Sales Taxation, and Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations. National Tax Journal 50, no. 4: 731–750.
McLure, Charles. 1997b. Taxation Of Electronic Commerce: Economic Objectives, Technological Constraints, and Tax Law. Tax Law Review 52, no. 3 (Spring).
McLure, Charles. 1999a. Achieving Neutrality between Electronic and Nonelectronic Commerce. State Tax Notes 17, no. 3 (July): 193–97.
McLure, Charles. 1999b. Electronic Commerce and the State Retail Sales Tax: A Challenge to American Federalism. International Tax and Public Finance 6, no.2 (May): 193–224.
McQuivey, James, with Gillian DeMoulin. 2000. States Lose Half a Billion in Taxes to Web Retail. Technographics Brief. Forrester, Cambridge, Mass. (24 February).
Newman, Nathan. 1995. Prop 13 Meets the Internet: How State and Local Government Finances are Becoming Road Kill on the Information Superhighway. Mimeo. Center for Community Economic Research, University of California, Berkeley.
Nordan, Matthew M., Cliff Condon, Abigail Leland, and Wouter Aghina. 2000. Retail’s Pan-European Future. The Forrester Report (April).
Nordhaus, William. 2000. E-Commerce and Taxation. Mimeo. Yale University (9 June).
Pastore, Michael. 1999. Sales Tax Would Hurt E-Commerce. (19 September).
Prem, Richard, et al. 1999. Establishing a Framework to Evaluate E-Commerce Tax Policy Options. Report of Deloitte and Touche and University of California at Berkeley (December).
Romer, Paul. 1994. New Goods, Old Theory, and the Welfare Costs of Trade Restrictions. Journal of Development Economics 43: 5–38.
Tedeschi, Bob. 2000. Some Retailers Go against the Grain in Integrating Their Online Operations. New York Times (5 June).
Trandel, Gregory. 1992. Evading the Use Tax on Cross-Border Sales: Pricing and Welfare Effects. Journal of Public Economics 35: 333–354.
U.S. Bureau of the Census. Monthly Retail Sales. Various Issues. Bureau of the Census. Washington, D.C.
U.S. General Accounting Office. 2000. Sales Taxes: Electronic Commerce Growth Presents Challenges: Revenue Losses are Uncertain. Report to Congressional Requesters (June). GAO/GGD/OCE-00–165.
Varian, Hal. 1999. Estimating the Demand for Bandwidth. Mimeo, University of California (August).
Varian, Hal. 2000. Taxation of Electronic Commerce. Mimeo. University of California (March).
Williams, Seema, David Cooperstein, David Weisman, and Thalika Oum. 1999. Post-Web Retail. The Forrester Report (September).
Zodrow, George. 2000. Network Externalities and Preferential Taxation of E-Com-merce. Mimeo. Rice University.
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Goolsbee, A. (2002). Implications of Electronic Commerce for Fiscal Policy. In: Lehr, W.H., Pupillo, L.M. (eds) Cyber Policy and Economics in an Internet Age. Topics in Regulatory Economics and Policy Series, vol 43. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3575-8_11
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