Abstract
Most organisms on earth produce a variety of behavioral or physiological rhythms with periods that are close to 24 hours. Such “circadian” rhythms are genetically determined at least in cyanobacteria, Arabidopsis, Neurospora, Drosophila and rodents, and recent progress of the molecular dissection opens up the clock genes and their timekeeping mechanisms. A recent genetic screening of human disease of Utah’s group verified the clock generation mechanism is common even in human (Toh et al., 2001). Here we describe our data related to the molecular mechanism of the clock gene in mammals.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Albrecht, U., Sun, Z.S., Eichele, G. and Lee, C.C., 1997, A differential response of two putative mammalian circadian regulators, mper1 and mper2, to light. Cell, 91, 1055–1064.
Dunlap, J.C., 1999, Molecular bases for circadian clocks. Cell, 96, 271–290.
Gekakis, N., Staknis, D., Nguyen, H.., Davis, F., Wilsbacher, L., King, D.P., Takahashi, J.S. and Weitz, C.J., 1998, Role of the CLOCK protein in the mammalian circadian mechanism. Science, 280, 1564–1569.
Kume, K., Zylka, M.J., Sriram, S., Shearman, L.P., Weaver, D.H., Jin, X., Maywood, E., Hastings, M.H. and Reppert, S.M., 1999, mCRYl and mCRY2 are essential components of the negative limb of the circadian clock feedback loop. Cell, 98, 193–205.
Price, J.L., Blau, J., Rothenfluh, A., Abodeely, M., Kloss, B. and Young, M.W., 1998, Double-time is a new Drosophila clock gene that regulates PERIOD protein accumulation. Cell, 94, 83–95.
Shearman, L.P., Zylka, M.J., Weaver, D., Kolakowski, L. and Reppert, S.M., 1997, Two period homologs: circadian expression and photic regulation in the suprachiasmatic nuclei. Neuron, 19, 1261–1269.
Sun, Z.S., Albrecht, U., Zhuchenko, O., Bailey, J., Eichele, G. and Lee, C.C., 1997, RIGUI, a putative mammalian ortholog of the Drosophila period gene. Cell, 90, 1003–1011.
Taguchi, K., Okura, R., Yagita, K., Ishida, Y., Onishi, H., Shigeyoshi, Y., Yamaguchi, S., Nishimura, M., Masubuchi, S. and Okamura, H. 2001, Different circadian expression profiles of clock genes in the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus. Biomed. Res., in press.
Takumi, T., Matsubara, C, Shigeyoshi, Y., Taguchi, K., Yagita, K., Maebayashi, Y., Sakakida, Y., Okumura, K., Takashima, N. and Okamura, H., 1998a, A new mammalian period gene predominantly expressed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Genes Cells, 3, 167–176.
Takumi, T., Taguchi, K., Miyake, S., Sakakida, Y., Takashima, N., Matsubara, C, Maebayashi, Y., Okumura, K., Takèkida, S., Yamamoto, S., Yagita, K., Yan, L., Young, M.L. and Okamura, H., 1998b, A light independent oscillatory gene mPer3 in mouse SCN and OVLT. EMBO J., 17, 4753–4759.
Tei, H., Okamura, H., Shigeyoshi, Y., Fukuhara, C, Ozawa, R., Hirose, M. and Sakaki, Y., 1997, Circadian oscillation of a mammalian homologue ofthe Drosophila period gene. Nature, 389, 512–516.
Toh, K.L., Jones, C, He, Y., Eide, E., Hinz, W., Virshup, D., Ptacek, L.J. and Fu, Y.-H., 2001, An hPer2 phosphorylationn site mutation in familial advanced sleep phase syndrome. Science 291, 1040–1043.
Vielhaber, E., Eide, E., Rivers, A., Gao, Z.-H. and Virshup, D.M., 2000, Nuclear entry of the circadian regulator mPER1 is controlled by mammalian casein kinase le. Mol. Cell. Biol., 20, 4888–4899.
Yagita, K., Tamanini, F., van der Horst, G. and Okamura, H., 2001, Molecular mechanisms of the biological clock in cultured fibroblasts. Science, 292, 278–281.
Yagita, K., Yamaguchi, S., Tamanini, F., van der Horst, G.T.J., Hoeijmakers, J.H.J., Yasui, A., Loros, J.J., Dunlap, J.C. and Okamura, H., 2000, Dimerization and nuclear entry of mPER proteins in mammalian cells. Genes Develop., 14, 1353–1363.
Zheng, B., Albrecht, U., Kaasik, K., Sage, M., Lu, W., Vaishnav, S., Li, Q., Sun, Z.S., Eichele, G., Bradley, A. and Lee, C.C., 2001, Nonredundant roles of the mPerl and mPer2 genes in the mammalian circadian clock. Cell, 105, 683–694.
Zylka, M.J., Shearman, L.P., Weaver, D.R. and Reppert, S.M., 1998, Three period homolog in mammals: differential light responses in the suprachiasmatic circadian clock and oscillating transcripts outside of brain. Neuron, 20, 1103–1110.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Okamura, H., Yagita, K., Yamaguchi, S. (2002). Molecular Mechanism of the Regulation of the Biological Clock in Mammals. In: Nagatsu, T., Nabeshima, T., McCarty, R., Goldstein, D.S. (eds) Catecholamine Research. Advances in Behavioral Biology, vol 53. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3538-3_91
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3538-3_91
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-3388-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-3538-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive