Introduction

Abstract

Many of the statistical methods routinely used in contemporary research are based on a compromise with the ideal (Bakeman et al., 1996). The ideal is represented by permutation tests, such as Fisher’s exact test or the binomial test, which yield exact, as opposed to approximate, probability values. The compromise is represented by most statistical tests in common use, such as the t, F, and x ² tests, where P-values are only asymptotically correct. In this book, an assortment of permutation tests is described for a wide variety of research applications. In addition, a Euclidean metric is the distance function of choice, in place of the conventional squared nonmetric distance function.