Abstract
Early in the 1970s, two pediatric surgeons assisted in the development of the first endoscopic instruments suitable for use in children.1–3 In his 1973 landmark paper, Dr. Stephen L. Gans reported on the use of a miniaturized telescope with a Hopkins rod lens optical system to perform peritoneoscopy in 16 children, including five cases of sexual identity problems, four cases of possible biliary atresia, four cases of hepatomegaly, one intraabdominal foreign body, one newborn with ascites, and one child with deep jaundice.1 In 1976 Dr. Bradley M. Rodgers reported on his use of thoracoscopic biopsy for nine children.4
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Tagge, E.P. (2001). Minimal Access Cancer Management in Children. In: Greene, F.L., Heniford, B.T. (eds) Minimally Invasive Cancer Management. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3444-7_26
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3444-7_26
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