Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Results of Surgical Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

  • Chapter
Liver-Directed Therapy for Primary and Metastatic Liver Tumors

Part of the book series: Cancer Treatment and Research ((CTAR,volume 109))

Abstract

Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is one of the most commor cancers in the world and the incidence is increasing. There are regional differences in the incidence of the disease, with sub-Saharan Africa and the Far East with the highest incidence (>30/100,000) and Northern Europe and the United States with the lowest incidence (<2/100,000) (1). In general, patients with chronic liver injury are at much higher risk for developing HCC. Ten to twenty percent of cirrhotics will develop HCC and in patients with HCC, 60–92% have cirrhosis (2,3). In Western studies the prevalence of cirrhosis in patients undergoing resection is lower, ranging from 4–24% (4–6).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Benvegnu L and Alberti A. Risk factors and prevention of hepatocellular carcinomain HCV infection. Dig Dis Sci 1996 Suppl;41:49S–55S.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Lin DY, Liaw YF, Chu CM, Chang-Chien CS, Wu CS, Chen PC, and Sheen IS. Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Noncirrhotic Patients. Cancer 1984; 54: 1466–1468.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. MacIntosh EL and Minuk GY. Hepatic resection in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. SG & O 1992; 174: 245–54.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Nagorney DM, van Heerden JA, Ilstrup DM, and Adson MA. Primary hepatic malignancy: Surgical management and determinants of survival. Surgery 1989;106: 740–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Sesto ME, Vogt DP, and Hermann RE. Hepatic resection in 128 patients: A 24–year experience. Surgery 1987;102:846–851.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Thompson HH, Tompkins RK, Longmire WP Jr. Major hepatic resection. A 25–year experience. Ann Surg 1983;197:375–88.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Okuda K, Ohtsuki T, Obata H, Tomimatsu M, Okazaki N, Hasegawa H, Nakajima Y, and Ohnishi K. Natural history of hepatocellular carcinoma and prognosis in relation to treatment. Cancer 1985; 56: 918–28.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Pawarode A, Voravud N, Sriuranpong V, Kullavanijaya P, and Patt YZ. Natural history of untreated primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Clin Oncol 1998; 21:386–391.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Lee CS, Sung JL, Hwang LY, Sheu JC, Chen DS, Lin TY, and Beasley RP. Surgical treatment of 109 patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Surgery 1986; 99: 483–490.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Izumi R, Shimizu K, and Miyazaki. Postoperative adjuvant locoregional chemotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepato-Gastroenterology 1996;43:1415–1420.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Nagasue N, Kohno H, Chang YC, Taniura H, Yamanoi A, Uchida M, Kimoto T, Takemoto Y, Nakamura T, and Yukaya H. Liver Resection for hepatocellualar carcinoma: Results of 229 consecutive patients during 11 years. Anm Surg 1993; 217:375–384.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Takenaka K, Kawahara N, Yamamoto K, Kajiyama K, Maeda T, Itasaka H, Shirabe K, Nishizaki T, Yanaga K, and Sugimachi K. Results of 280 liver resections for hepatocellualr carcinoma. Arch Surg 1996; 131: 71–76.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Tsukuma H, Hiyama T, Tanaka S, Nakao M, Yabuuchi T, Kitamura T, Nakanishi K, Fujimoto I, Inoue A, Yamazaki H and Kawashima T. Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with chronic liver disease. NEJM 1993;328:1797–1801.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Regan LS. Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in high-risk individuals. Arch Intern Med 1989; 149: 1741–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Zoli M, Magalotti D, Bianchi G, Gueli C, Marchesini G, and Pisi E. Efficacy of a surveillance program for early detection ofhepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 1996; 78: 977–85.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Tsai SL and Liaw YF. Etiology and pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Dig Surg 1995, 12:7–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Imai Y, Kawata S, Tamura S, Yabuuchi I, Noda S, Inada M, Maeda Y, Shirai Y, Fukuzaki T, Kaji I, Ishikawa H, Matsuda Y, Nishikawa M, Seki K, and Matsuzawa Y for the Osaka Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prevention Study Group. Relation of Interferon Therapy and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C. Annals Int Med 1998; 129: 94–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Malt RA, Galdabini JJ, and Jeppsson BW. Abnormal sex-steriod milieu in young adults with hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Surg 1983;7:247–252.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Nagasue N, Yukaya H, Hamada T, Hirose S, Kanashima R, and Inokuchi K. The natural history of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 1984; 54: 1461–65.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Huquet C, Stipa A, and Gavelli. Primary hepatocellular cancer: Western experienc. In Blumgart LH, ed. Surgery of the Liver and Biliary Tract. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 19:p 1365–1469.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Schafer DF and Sorrell MF. Hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet 1999; 353: 1253–57.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Colombo M, De Franchis R, Del Ninno E, Sangiovanni A, De Fazio C, Tommasini M, Donato MF, Piva A, Di Carlo V, and Dioguardi N. Hepatocellular carcinoma in Italian patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 675–80.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Dodd GD, Miller WJ, Baron RL, Skolnick ML, Campbell WL. Detection of malignant tumors in end-stage cirrhotic livers: efficacy of sonography as a screening techinque. AJR 1992; 159: 727–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Maringhini A, Cottone M, Sciarrino E, Marceno MP, La Seta F, Fusco G, Rinaldi F, and Pagliaro L. Ultrasonography and alpha-fetoprotein in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis. Dig Dis Sci 1988; 33: 47–51.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Sarasin FP, Giostra E, and Hadengue A. Cost-effectiveness of screening for detection of small hepatocellular carcinoma in western patients with Child-Pugh class A cirrhosis. Am J Med 1996; 171: 422–434.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Sato Y, Nakata K, Kato Y, Shima M, Ishii N, Koji T, Taketa K, Endo Y, and Nagataki S. Early recognition of hepatocellular carcinoma based on altered profiles of alpha-fetoprotein. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 1802–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Shinagawa T, Ohto M, Kimura K, Tsunetomi S, Morita M, Saisho H, Tsuchiya Y, Saotome N, Karasawa E, Miki M, Ueno T, and Okuda K. Diagnosis and clinical features of small hepatocellular carcinoma with emphasis on the utility of real-time ultrasonograph. Gastroenterology 1984; 86: 495–502.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Bloomer JR. Serum alpha-fetoprotein in nonneoplastic liver diseases. Dig Dis Sci 1980; 25:241–2.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Soga K, Watanabe T, Aikawa K, Toshima M, Shibasaki K and Aoyagi Y. Ser desgamma-carboxy-prothrombin level by a modified enzyme immunoassay method in hepatocellular carcinoma: clinical significance in small hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepato-Gastroenterology 1998; 45:1737–41.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Izzo F, Curley S, Maio P, Leonardi E, Imparato L, Giglio S, Cremona F and Castello G. Correlation of soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels with severity of chronic hepatitis C virus liver injury and development of hepatocellular cancer. Surgery 1996;120:100–5)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Takayasu K, Moriyama N, Muramatsu Y, Makuuchi M, Hasegawa H, Okazaki N and Hirohashi S. The diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinomas: efficacy of various imaging procedures in 100 patients. AJR 1990; 155: 49–54.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Franco D, Capussotti L, Smadja C, Bouzari H, Meakins J, Kemeny F, Grange D, and Dellepiane M. Resection of hepatocellular carcinomas: Results in 72 european patients with cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1990;98:733–738.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Kanematsu T, Takenaka K, Matsumata T, Furuta T, Sugimachi K, and Inokuchi K. Limited hepatic resection effective for selected cirrhotic patients with primary liver cancer. Ann Surg 1984;199:51–56.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Makuuchi M, Hasegawa H, and Yamazaki S. Ultrasonically guided subsegmentectomy. Surg Gynec and Obstet 1985;161: 346–350.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Nagasue N, Yukaya H, Ogawa Y, Sasaki Y, Chang YC, and Niimi K. Clinical experience with 118 hepatic resections for hepatocellular carcinoma. Surgery 1986;99: 695–701.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Shimada M, Matsumata T, Akazawa K, Kamakura T, Itasaka H, Sugimachi K, and Nose Y. Estimation of risk of major complications after hepatic resection. Am J Surg 1994;167: 399–403.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Kawasaki, Dig Surg

    Google Scholar 

  38. Makuuchi M, Kosuge T, Takayama T, Yamazaki S, Kakazu T, Miyagawa S, and Kawasaki S. Surgery for Small Liver Cancers. Sem Surg Onc 1993;9:298–304.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Paquet KJ, Koussouris P, Mercado MA, Kalk JFr, Muting D, and Rambach W. Limited hepatic resection for selected cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular or cholangiocellular carcinoma: a prospective study. Br J Surg 1991; 78: 459–62.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Manual for Staging of Cancer. American Joint Committee on Cancer. Pp. 87–89. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Kanda M, Taniguchi K, Awazu K, Ishigami Y, Masuzawa M, and Abe H. Continuous monitoring of cardiogreen removal by a diseased liver using an optical sensor. Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers 1988;904:39–46.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Mori K, Ozawa K, Yamamoto Y, Maki A, Shimahara Y, Kobayashi, Yamaoka Y and Kumada K. Response of hepatic mitochondrial redox state to oral glucose load. Ann Surg 1990;211:43 8.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Kwon AH, Ha-Kawa SK, Uetsuji S, Kamiyama Y, and Tanaka Y. Use of technetium 99m diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid-galactosyl-human serum albumin liver scintography in the evaluation of preoperative and postoperative hepatic functional reserve for hepatectomy. Surgery 1995;117:429–34.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Bismuth H, Houssin D, Ornowski J, and Meriggi F. Liver Resections in Cirrhotic Patients: A Western Experience. World J Surg 1986; 10: 311–317.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Wu CC, Hwang CR, Liu TJ, and P’eng FK. Effects and limitations of prolonged intermittent ischaemia for hepatic resection and the cirrhotic liver. Br J Surg 1996; 83:121–124.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Sitzman JV and Greene PS. Perioperative predictors ofmorbidity following hepatic resection for neoplasm. Ann Surg 1994;219:13–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Gozzetti G, Mazziotti A, Bolondi L, Cavallari A, Grigioni W, Casanova P, Bellusci R, Villanacci V, and Labo G. Intraoperative ultrasonography in surgery for liver tumors. Surgery 1986;99: 523–529.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Huguet C, Nordlinger B, Bloch P, and Conard J. Tolerance of the human liver to prolonged normothermic ischemia. A biological study of 20 patients submitted to extensive hepatectomy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1978;147: 689–93.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Nagasue N, Yukaya H, Suehiro S, and Ogawa Y. Tolerance of the cirrhotic liver to normothermic ischemia. Am J Surg 1984;147:772–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Kim YI, Kobayashi M, Aramaki M, Nakashima K, Mitarai Y, and Yoshida T. “Early-Stage” cirrhotic liver can withstand 75 minutes of inflow occlusion during resection. Hepato-Gastroenterol 1994;41:355–358.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Bismuth H, Castaing D, and Garden OJ. Major hepatic resection under total vascular exclusion. Ann Surg 1989;210:13–19.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Habib N, Zografos G, Dalla Serra G, Greco L and Bean A. Liver resection with total vascular exclusion for malignant tumours. Br J Surg 1994;81:1181–1184.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Yamaoka Y, Ozawa K, Kumada K, Shimahara Y, Tanaka K, Mori K, Takayasu T, Okamoto R, Kobayashi N, Konishi Y, and Egawa H. Total vascular exclusion for hepatic resection in cirrhotic patients. Arch Surg 1992;127:276–280.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Makuuchi M, Mori T, Gunven P, Yamazaki S, and Hasegawa H. Safety of hemihepatic vascular occlusion during resection of the liver. SG & O 1987;164:155–58

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Nagasue N, Galizia G, Kohno H, Chang YC, Hayashi T, Yamanoi A, Nakamura T, and Yukaya H. Adverse effects of preoperative hepatic artery chemoembolization for resectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A retrospective comparison of 138 liver resections. Surgery 1989; 106: 81–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Harada T, Matsuo K, Tamesue S, Inoue T, and Nakamure H. Is preoperative hepatic arterial chemoembolization safe and effective for hepatocellular carcinoma? Ann Surg 1996;224:4–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Hwang TL, Chen MF, Lee TY, Chen TJ, Lin DY, Liaw YF. Resection of hepatocellular carcinoma after transcatheter arterial embolization. Arch Surg 1987;122:756–759.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Yu YQ, Xu DB, Zhou XD, Lu JZ, Tang ZY, and Mack P. Experience with liver resection after hepatic arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 1993; 71: 62–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Kawasaki S, Makuuchi M, Miyagawa S, and Kakzu T. Radical operation after portal embolization for tumor of hilar bile duct. J Am Coll Surg 1994; 178: 480–486.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Azoulay d, Raccuia JS, Castaing D, and Bismuth H. Right portal vein embolization in preparation for major hepatic resection. J Am Coll Surg 1995; 181:267–9.

    Google Scholar 

  61. de Baere T, Roche A, Vavasseur D, Therasse E, Indushekar S, Elias D, and Bognel C. Portal vein embolization: utility for inducing left hepatic lobe hypertrophy before surgery. Radiology 1993; 188: 73–77.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Nagino M, Nimura Y, Kamiya J, Kondo S, Uesaka K, Kin Y, Hayakawa N, and Yamamoto H. Changes in hepatic lobe volume in biliary tract cancer patients after right portal vein embolization. Hepatology 1995; 21: 434–439.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Kawasaki S, Makuuchi M, Kakazu T, Miyagawa S, Takayama T, Kosuge T, Sugihara K, and Moriya Y. Resection for multiple metastatic liver tumors after portal embolization. Surgery 1994; 115: 674–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Lee KC, Kinoshita H, Hirohashi K, Kubo S, and Iwasa R. Extension of Surgical indications for hepatocellular carcinoma by portal vein embolizaion. World J Surg 1993; 17: 109–115.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Zhou XD, Tang ZY, and Yu YQ. Ablative approach for primary liver cancer. Surg Onc Clinics of North America 1996;5:379–390.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Sitzman JV and Abrams R. Improved survival for hepatocellular cancer with combination surgery and multimodality treatment. Ann Surg 1993; 217: 149–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Zhou XD, Tang ZY, Yu YQ, and Ma ZC. Clinical evaluation of cryosurgery in the treatment of primary liver cancer. Cancer 1988;61:1889–1892.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Rossi S, Di Stasi M, Buscarini E, Cavanna L, Quaretti P, Squassante E, Garbagnati F, and Buscarini L. Percutaneous radiofrequency interstitial thermal ablation in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma. The Cancer J 1995;1:73–81.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Castells A, Bruix J, Ayuso C, Roca M, Boix, Vilana R, and Rodes J. Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with Tamoxifen: a double blind placebo-controlled trial in 120 patients. Gastroenterology 1995; 109: 917–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Engstrom PF, Levin B, Moertel CG, and Schutt A. A phase II trial of Tamoxifen in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 1990;65:2641–43.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Chao Y, Chan WK, Huang YS, Teng HC, Wang SS, Lui WY, Whang-Peng J, and Lee SD. Phase II study of Flutamide in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 1996;77:635–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Lai ECS, Lo CM, Fan ST, Liu CL, and Wong J. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Arch Surg 1998;133:183–188.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Bhattacharya S, Novell JR, Winslet MC and Hobbs KEF. Iodized oil in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Surg 1994;81:1563–1571.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Takenaka K, Yoshida K, Nishizaki T, Korenaga D, Hiroshige K, Ikeda T and Sugimachi K. Postoperative prophylactic lipiodolization reduces the intrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Surg 1995;169;400–405.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Kawata A, Une Y, Hosokawa M, Wakizaka Y, Namieno T, Uchino J, and Kobayashi H. Adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Am J Clin Oncol 1995;18:257–262.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Kouroumalis E, Skordilis P, Thermos K, Vasilaki A, Moschandrea J, and Manousos ON. Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with octreotide: a randomised controlled study. Gut 1998; 42: 442–47.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Caplin. Gut 1996;38(Suppl 1):A16.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Muto Y, Moriwaki H, Ninomiya M, Adachi S, Saito A, Takasaki KT, Tanaka T, Tsurumi K, Okuno M, Tomita E, Nakamura T, and Kojima T for the Hepatoma Prevention Study Group. Prevention of second primary tumors by an acyclic retinoid, polyprenoic acid, in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 1561–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Allegheny Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Sandra M. Jones M.D. & Mark S. Roh M.D.

Authors
  1. Sandra M. Jones M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mark S. Roh M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL, USA

    Mark S. Talamonti M.D.  & Sam G. Pappas M.D.  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Jones, S.M., Roh, M.S. (2001). Results of Surgical Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. In: Talamonti, M.S., Pappas, S.G. (eds) Liver-Directed Therapy for Primary and Metastatic Liver Tumors. Cancer Treatment and Research, vol 109. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3371-6_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3371-6_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-3373-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-3371-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation