Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Risk Management in Blood Transfusion: The Virtue of Reality pp 69–80Cite as

Risk of Transfusion-Transmitted Infection: A Comparative Analysis of Then and Now

  • Chapter

  • 104 Accesses

Part of the book series: Developments in Hematology and Immunology ((DIHI,volume 34))

Abstract

The past 15 years have witnessed remarkable advances in the prevention of transfusion-transmitted infections including the sequential introduction of donor screening assays for HIV and HCV, the advent of solvent detergent and other technologies for the sterilisation of plasma, intensified and more uniform donor questionnaires, increased FDA oversight and the demanding dictates of “Good Manufacturing Practices and most recently, the introduction of genomic amplification techniques (GAT) to narrow the infectious window for the most serious blood-transmitted viruses. To place these advances into perspective, prior to HIV testing in the spring of 1985, 8038 cases of transfusion-transmitted AIDS were reported in adults and 374 in children. In the 14 years since the first anti-HIV assays became available, there have been only 37 cases of transfusion-associated AIDS reported in adults and 2 in children; most of these cases occurred during the first generation of HIV assays and transmission is now an exceedingly rare event estimated to occur at a frequency of one case per 676,000 transfusions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Selected References

Transfusion-Associated Hepatitis

  1. Alter HJ. Posttransfusion hepatitis in the United States, p.551. In: Nishioka K, Suzuki H, Mishiro S, Oda T (eds). Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease. SpringerVerlag, Tokyo, 1994.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  2. Alter HJ, Seeff LB. Transfusion-Associated Hepatitis. In: Zuckerman A & Thomas H (eds). Viral Hepatitis (2nd edition). W.B. Saunders Co., LTD, London, 1998, pp. 1–25.

    Google Scholar 

Hepatitis G Vims/GB Virus-Type C. Discovery and Molecular Biology

  1. Simons JN, Leary TP, Lawson GJ, et al. Isolation of novel virus-like sequences associated with human hepatitis. Nat Med 1995;1:564–69.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Linnen J, Wages J, Zhang-Keck ZY, et al. Molecular cloning and disease association of hepatitis G virus: a transfusion-transmissible agent. Science 1996,271: 505–08.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Simons JN, Desai SM, Schuitz DE, et al. Translation initiation in GB viruses A and C: evidence for internal ribosome entry and implications for genome organization. Virol 1996–70:6126–35.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Okamoto H, Nakao H, Inoue T, et al. The entire nucleotide sequences of two GB virus C/hepatitis G virus isolates of distinct genotypes from Japan. J Gen Virol 1997; 78:737–45.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hepatitis G Vims/GB Virus-Type C. Antibody and Persistence

  1. Tacke M, Schmolke S, Schlueter V, et al. Humoral immune response to the E2 protein of hepatitis G virus is associated with long-term recovery from infection and reveals a high frequency of hepatitis G virus exposure among healthy blood donors. Hepatology 1997;26:1626–33.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Tanaka E, Kiyosawa K, Shimoda K, et al. Evolution of hepatitis G virus infection and antibody response to envelope protein in patients with transfusion-associated non-A, non-B hepatitis. J Virol Hep 1998;5:153–59.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Thomas DL, Nakatsuji Y, Shih JW, Alter HJ, et al. Persistence and clinical significance of hepatitis G virus infections in injecting drug users. J Infect Dis 1997; 176 586–92.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hepatitis G Vims/GB Virus-Type C. Transfusion-Associated and Community-Acquired Hepatitis

  1. Alter HJ, Nakatsuji Y, Melpolder J, et al. The incidence of transfusion associated hepatitis G virus infection and its relation to liver disease. N Engl J Med 1997,349: 318–20.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Alter MJ, Gallagher M, Morris TT, et al. Acute non-A-E hepatitis in the United States and the role of hepatitis G virus infection. N Engl J Med 1997;336:741–46.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Wang JT, Tsai FC, Lee CZ, et al. A prospective study of transfusion-transmitted GB virus C infections: similar frequency but different clinical presentation compared with hepatitis C vims. Blood 1996;8:1881–86.

    Google Scholar 

Hepatitis G Vims/GB Virus-Type C. Transmission

  1. Kao JH, Liu CJ, Chen PJ, et al. Interspousal transmission of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus: a comparison with hepatitis C virus. J Med Virol 1997;53:348–53.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Viazov S, Riffelmann M, Sarr S, et al. Transmission of GBV-C/HGV from drug-addicted mothers to their babies. J Hepatol 1997;27:85–90.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Zanetti AR, Tanzi E, Romano L, et al. Multicenter trial on mother-to-infant transmission of GBV-C virus. The Lombardy Study Group on Vertical/Perinatal Hepatitis Viruses Transmission. J Med Virol 1998:54:107–12.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hepatitis G Vims/GB Virus-Type C. Fulminant hepatitis

  1. Hadziyannis SJ, fulminant hepatitis and the new G/GBV-C flavivirus. Journal of Viral Hepatitis 1997;4:15–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Wright TL, Hsu H, Donegan E et al: Hepatitis C virus not found in fulminant non-A, non-B hepatitis. Ann Intern Med 1991;115:111–12.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hepatitis G Vims/GB Virus-Type C. Hepatitis-Associated Aplastic Anaemia

  1. Brown KE, Wong S, Young NS. Prevalence of GBV-C/HGV, a novel ‘hepatitis’ virus, in patients with aplastic anaemia. Br J Haematol 1997;97:492–96.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hepatitis G Vims/GB Virus-Type C. Cryptogenic (non-A-E) hepatitis and HCC

  1. Zhang XH, Shinzawa H, Shoa L, et al. Detection of hepatitis G virus RNA in patients with hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and non-A-E hepatitis by RT-PCR using multiple primer sets. J Med Virol 1997;52:385–90.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Laskus T, Wang LF, Radkowski M, et al. Hepatitis G virus infection in American patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis: no evidence for liver replication. J Infect Dis 1997;176:1491–95.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Lightfoot K, Skelton M, Kew MC, et al. Does hepatitis GB virus-C infection cause hepatocellular carcinoma in black Africans? Hepatology 1997;26:740–42.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Guilera M, S’aiz JC, L’opez-Labrador FX, et al. Hepatitis G virus infection in chronic liver disease. Gut 1998;42:107–11

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Tagger A, Donato F, Ribero ML, et al. A case-control study on GB virus C/hepatitis G virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma. Brescia HCC Study. Hepatology 1997;26:1653–57.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Hollingsworth RC, Minton EJ, Fraser-Moodie C, et al. Hepatitis G infection: role in cryptogenic chronic liver disease and primary liver cell cancer in the UK. J Viral Hep 1998;5:165–69.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Sugai Y, Nakayama H, Fukuda M, et al. Infection with GB virus C in patients with chronic liver disease. J Med Virol 1997;51:175–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Colombatto P, Ranone A, Civitico G, et al. A new hepatitis C virus-like flavi virus in patients with cryptogenic liver disease associated with elevated GGT and alkaline phosphatase serum levels. J Viral Hep 1997;4(supp l):55–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Feucht HH, Zollner B, Polywka S, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis G viremia among healthy subjects, individuals with liver disease and persons at risk for parenteral transmission. J Clin Microbiol 1997;35:767–68.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hepatitis G Vims/GB Virus-Type C. HGV-HCV Coinfection

  1. Pawlotsky JM, Roudot-Thoraval F, Muerhoff AS, et al. GB virus C (GBV-C) infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Influence on liver disease and on hepatitis virus behaviour: effect of interferon alpha therapy. J Med Virol 1998;54: 26–37.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Tanaka E, Alter HJ, Nakatsuji Y, et al. Effects of hepatitis G virus infection on chronic hepatitis C. Ann Intern Med 1996;125:740–43.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hepatitis G Vims/GB Virus-Type C. Post-Transplantation

  1. Karayiannis P, Blind AM, Pickering J, Hepatitis G virus does not cause significant liver disease after liver transplantation. J Viral Hep 1998;5:35–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Berenguer M, Terrault NA, Piatak M, et al. Hepatitis G virus infection is patients with hepatitis C virus infection undergoing liver transplantation. Gastroenterology 1996;111:1569–75.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Hoofnagle JH, Lombardero M, Wei Y, et al. Hepatitis G virus infection before and after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl Surg 1997;3:578–85.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hepatitis G Vims/GB Virus-Type C. Chimpanzee Studies

  1. Bukh J, Kim JP, Govindarajan S, et al. Experimental infection of chimpanzees with hepatitis G virus and genetic analysis of the virus. J Infect Dis 1998;177:855–62.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Krawczynski K. Novel hepatitis agents: the significance of clinical and experimental studies. An overview. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1997;12:S193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Hepatitis G Vims/GB Virus-Type C. Replication in Liver

  1. Saito S, Tanaka K, Kondo M, et al. Plus and Minus-stranded hepatitis G virus RNA in liver tissue and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Biochem Biophys Research Communication. 1997;237:288–91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Kanda T, Yokosuka 0, Tagawa M, et al. Quantitative analysis of GBV-C RNA in liver and serum by strand-specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. J Hepatol 1998;29:707–14.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Laskus T, Radkowski M, Wang LF, et al. Lack of evidence for hepatitis G virus replication in the livers of patients coinfected with hepatitis C and G viruses. J Virol 1997;71:7804–06.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Pessoa MG, Terrault NA, Detmer J, et al. Quantitation of G and C virus in the liver: evidence that hepatitis G virus is not hepatotropic. Hepatology 1998;27:877–80.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Mushahwar IK, Erker JC, Muerhoff AS, et al. Tissue tropism of GBV-C and HCV in immunocompromised patients and protective immunity of antibodies to GB virus C second envelope (GBV-C E2) glycoprotein. Hepatologia Clinica 1998;6(Suppl 1):23.

    Google Scholar 

TT Virus

  1. Nishizawa T, Okamoto H, Konishi K, et al. A novel DNA virus (TTV) associated with elevated transaminase levels in posttransfusion hepatitis of unknown aetiology. Biochem Biophys Research Communications 1997;241:92–97.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Okamoto H, Nishizawa T, Kato N, et al. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel DNA virus (TTV) associated with posttransfusion hepatitis of unknown aetiology. Hepatology Research 1998;10:1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Simmonds P, Davidson F, Lycett C, et al. Detection of a novel DNA virus (TTV) in blood donors and blood products. Lancet 1998;352:191–95.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Naoumov NV, Petrova EP, Thomas MG, Williams R. Presence of a newly described human DNA virus (TTV) in patients with liver disease. Lancet 1998;352:195–97.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Okamoto H, Ak-ahane Y, Ukita M, et al. Fecal excretion of a nonenveloped DNA virus (TTV) associated with posttransfusion non-A-G hepatitis. J Med Virol 1998;56: 128–32.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Matsumoto A, Yeo AET, Sliih JW-K, Tanaka E, Kiyosawa K, Alter HJ. Transfusion-Associated TT Virus infection and its relationship to Liver Disease. Hepatology (in Press, 1999).

    Google Scholar 

Transfusion Risk And Risk Reduction Strategies

  1. Schreiber GB, Busch MP, Kleinman SH, Korelitz J. The risk of transfusion-transmitted viral infections. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1685–89.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Busch MP, Straemer SL, Kleinman SH. Evolving Applications of Nucleic Acid Amplification Assays for Prevention of Virus transmission by Blood Components and derivatives, hi: Garraty G (ed). Application of Molecular Biology to Blood Transfusion Medicine. Bethesda, MD, American Association of Blood Banks, 1997:123–76.

    Google Scholar 

  3. sStramer SL, Porter RA, Brodsky JP, et al. Sensitivity of HIV and HCV RNA Detection by pooled genome amplification testing (GAT). Vox Sang 1998;74(suppl l):abstract 1102.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Lin L, Cook D, Weisehahn G, et al. Photochemical inactivation of viruses and bacteria in platelet concentrates by use of a novel psoralen and ultraviolet A light. Transfusion 1997;37:423–35.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Transfusion Medicine, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    H. J. Alter

Authors
  1. H. J. Alter
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Blood Bank Noord Nederland, Groningen, The Netherlands

    C. Th. Smit Sibinga

  2. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    H. J. Alter

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Alter, H.J. (1999). Risk of Transfusion-Transmitted Infection: A Comparative Analysis of Then and Now. In: Sibinga, C.T.S., Alter, H.J. (eds) Risk Management in Blood Transfusion: The Virtue of Reality. Developments in Hematology and Immunology, vol 34. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3009-8_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3009-8_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-4822-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-3009-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation