Abstract
Venous thromboembolism causes substantial suffering and death. The most serious and potentially preventable complication, pulmonary embolus, kills an estimated 50,000 Americans each year.1 Venous stasis secondary to chronic valvular incompetence, often a consequence of venous thrombosis, causes varying degrees of pain, edema, and ulceration. The changing demographic patterns, particularly the aging of society, are increasing the risk of venous thromboembolism and the importance of prevention. The knowledge and tools for effective prevention and treatment are available but currently underused.2 Safer treatments and targeted education programs for physicians may offer the chance to reduce the incidence of venous thromboembolism.3,4
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Moser KM. Venous thromboembolism. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 141: 235–49.
Anderson FA, Wheeler HB, Goldberg RJ, et al. Physician practices in the prevention of venous thromboembolism. Ann Intern Med 1991;115: 591–5.
Hull RD, Pineo GF. Low-molecular-weight heparins for the treatment of venous thromboembolism. Ann Med 1993; 25:457–62.
Anderson FA, Wheeler HB, Goldberg RJ, et al. Prospective study of the impact of continuing medical education and quality assurance programs on use of prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism. Arch Intern Med 1994;154:669–77.
Schafer AI. Hypercoagulable states: molecular genetics to clinical practice. Lancet 1994;344:1739–42.
Philbrick JT, Becker DM. Calf deep venous thrombosis: a wolf in sheep’s clothing? Arch Intern Med 1988;148:2131–8.
Lindblad B, Sernby NH, Bergqvist D. Incidence of venous thromboembolism verified by necropsy over 30 years. BMJ 1991;302:709–11.
Anderson FA, Wheeler HB, Goldberg RJ, et al. A population-based perspective of the hospital incidence and case-fatality rates of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Arch Intern Med 1991;1512:933–8.
Consensus Conference. Prevention of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. JAMA 1986;256:744–9.
Clagett GP, Anderson FA, Heit J, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism. Chest 1995;108:321S-34S.
Collins R. Scrimgeour A, Yusuf S, et al. Reduction in fatal pulmonary embolism and venous thrombosis by peri-operative administration of subcutaneous heparin. N Engl J Med 1988;318:1162–72.
Collins R., Scrimgeour A, Yusuf S, et al. Reduction in fatal pulmonary embolism and venous thrombosis by peri-operative administration of subcutaneous heparin. N Engl J Med 1988;318:1162–72.
Hobson RW, Mintz BI, Jamil J, et al. Diagnosis of acute deep venous thrombosis. Surg Clin North Am 1990;70:143–57.
Hull R, Hirsh J, Sackett DL, et al. Clinical validity of a negative venogram in patients with clinically suspected venous thrombosis. Circulation 1981;64:622–5.
O’Donnell TF, Abbott WM, Athanasoulis DA, et al. Diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis in the outpatient by venography. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1980;69:150–8.
Huisman MV, Biller HR, Ten Cate JW, et al. Impedance plethysmography for suspected deep vein thrombosis in outpatients. N Engl J Med 1986;314:823–8.
Heijboer H, Buller HR, Lensing AWA, et al. A comparison of real-time compression ultrasonography with impedance plethysmography for the diagnosis of deep-vein thrombosis in symptomatic outpatients. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1365–9.
Langsfeld M, Hershey FB, Thorpe L, et al. Duplex B-mode imaging for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis. Arch Surg 1987;122:587–91.
Verstraete M. The diagnosis and treatment of deep-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1418–19.
Hull RD, Raskob GE, Rosenbloom D, et al. Heparin for 5 days as compared with 10 days in the initial treatment of proximal venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med 1990;322:1260–4.
Schafer AI. Low-molecular-weight heparin—an opportunity for home treatment of venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med 1996;334:724–5.
Lensing AW, Prins MH, Davidson BL, et al. Treatment of deep venous thrombosis with low-molecular-weight heparins. Arch Intern Med 1995;155:601–7.
Levin M, Gent M, Hirsh J, et al. A comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin administered primarily at home with un-fractionated heparin administered in the hospital for proximal deep-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med 1996;334:677–81.
Koopman MMW, Prandoni P, Piovella F, et al. Treatment of venous thrombosis with intravenous unfractionated heparin administered in the hospital as compared with subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin administered at home. N Engl J Med 1996;334:682–7.
Gallus A, Jackaman J, Tillett J, et al. Safety and efficacy of warfarin started early after submassive venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Lancet 1986;2:1293–6.
Hirsh J. Oral anticoagulant drugs. N Engl J Med 1991;324: 1865–74.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rodriguez, G.S. (1998). Venous Thromboembolism. In: Taylor, R.B., David, A.K., Johnson, T.A., Phillips, D.M., Scherger, J.E. (eds) Family Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2947-4_81
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2947-4_81
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-2949-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-2947-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive