Skip to main content

Nongenomic Rapid Effects of Vitamin D

  • Chapter
Vitamin D

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

  • 336 Accesses

Abstract

1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [lα,25(OH)2D3] is the most potent vitamin D metabolite. The mechanism(s) by which the hormone alters cell growth and differentiation is largely unknown. Specific nuclear vitamin D receptors (nVDRs) for this secosteroid have been found in numerous organs and cell lines (1). The binding of 1α,25(OH)2D3 to the nVDR and subsequent binding of the hormone-receptor complex to selected DNA sequences were thought to be the mechanisms explaining all the hormone’s actions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Minghetti PP, Norman AW. 1α,25-(OH)2D3 Vitamin D3 receptors: Gene regulation and genetic circuitry. FASEB J 1988; 2: 3043–3053.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Evans RM. The steroid and thyroid hormone receptor superfamily Science 1988; 240: 889–895.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Haussier MR, Mangeldorf DJ, Komm BS, Terpening CM, Yamaoka K, Allegretto EA, Baker AR, Shine J, McDonnel DP, Hughes M, Weigel NL, O’Malley BW, Pike JW. Molecular biology of the vitamin D hormone. Rec Prog Horm Res 1988; 44: 263–305.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Barsony J, Pike JW, DeLuca HF, Marx SJ Immunocytology with microwave fixed fibroblasts show lα,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-dependent rapid and estrogen-dependent slow reorganization of vitamin D receptors. J Cell Biol 1990; 111:28, 355–28, 395.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Barsony J, McKoy W. Molybdate increases intracellular 3’, 5’-guanosine cyclic monophosphate and stabilizes vitamin D receptor association with tubulin-containing filaments. J Biol Chem 1992; 267: 24, 457–465.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Hsieh JC, Jurutka PW, Nakajima S, Galligan MA, Haussler CA, Shimizu Y, Shimizu N, Whitfield GK, Haussier MR. Phosphorylation of the human vitamin D receptor by protein kinase C: biochemical and functional evaluation of the serine 51 recognition site. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:15, 118–15, 126.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Jurutka PW, Hsieh JC, MacDonald PW, Terpening CM, Haussier CA, Haussler MR, Whitfield GK. Phosphorylation of serine 208 in the human vitamin D receptor: the predominant amino acid phosphorylated by casein kinase II in vitro, and identification as a significant phosphorylation site. J Biol Chem 1993; 268: 6791–6799.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Jurutka PW, Hsieh JC, Haussier MR. Phosphorylation of the human 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor by cAMP dependent protein kinase in vitro and in transfected COS-7 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993; 191: 1089–1096.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Haussier MR, Jurutka PW, Hsieh JC, Thompson PD, Seiznick SH, Haussier CA, Whitfield GK. Receptor mediated genomic actions of 1,25-(OH)2D3: modulation by phosphorylation. In: Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop on Vitamin D, Orlando, FL, May 28—June 2, 1994, pp. 209–216.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Baran DT, Sorensen AM. Rapid actions of la,25-dihydroxyvitamin D: physiologic role. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994; 207: 175–179.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Lieberherr M. Effects of vitamin D3 metabolites on cytosolic free calcium in confluent mouse osteoblasts. J. Biol Chem 1987; 262:13, 168–13, 173.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Civitelli R, Kim YS, Gunsten SL, Fugimori A, Huskey M, Avioli LV, Hruska KA. Nongenomic activation of the calcium message system by vitamin D metabolites in osteoblast-like cells. Endocrinology 1990; 127: 2253–2262.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Nemere I, Yoshimoto Y, Norman AW. Calcium transport in perfused duodena from normal chicks: enhancement within fourteen minutes of exposure to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Endocrinology 1984; 115: 1476–1483.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Suzuki M, Kurihara S, Kawaguchi Y, Sakai O. Vitamin D3 metabolites increase [Ca2+]i in rabbit renal proximal straight tubule cells. Am J Physiol 1991; 260: F757 - F763.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Boudreau A, Atmani F, Grosse B, Lieberherr M. Rapid effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and extracellular Cat+ on phospholipid metabolism in dispersed porcine parathyroid cells. Endocrinology 1990; 127: 2738–2743.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Desai SS, Appel MC, Baran DT. Differential effects of 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 on cytosolic calcium in two human cell lines (HL-60 and U-937). J Bone Miner Res 1986; 1: 497–501.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Selles J, Boland R. Evidence on the participation of the 3’, 5’-cyclic AMP pathway in the nongenomic action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in cardiac muscle. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1991; 82: 229–235.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Schwartz Z, Schlader DL, Swain LD, Boyan BD. Direct effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on growth zone and resting zone chondrocyte membrane alkaline phosphatase and phospholipase A2 specific activities. Endocrinology 1988; 123: 2878–2884.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Barsony J, Marx SJ. Receptor mediated rapid action of la,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol: increase of intracellular cGMP in human skin fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988; 85: 1223–1226.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Baran DT, Milne ML. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 increases hepatocyte cytosolic calcium levels: a potential regulator of vitamin D-25-hydroxylase. J Clin Invest 1986; 77: 1622–1626.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Smith EL, Holick MF. The skin: the site of vitamin D3 synthesis and a target tissue for its metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Steroids 1987; 49: 103–131.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Segrev IN, Rhoten WB. Video imaging of intracellular calcium in insulinoma cells: effects of 1,25(OH)2D3. In: Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop on Vitamin D, Orlando, FL, May 28-June 2, 1994, pp. 355–356.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Walters MR. Newly identified actions of the vitamin D endocrine system. Endocr Rev 1992; 13: 719–764.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Duval D, Durant S, Homo-DeLarch F. Nongenomic effects of steroids: interactions of steroid molecules with membrane structures and functions. Biochim Biophys Acta 1983; 737: 409–442.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Aronica SM, Kraus WL, Katzenellenbogen BS. Estrogen action via the cAMP signalling pathway: stimulation of adenylate cyclase and cAMP-regulated gene transcription. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91: 8517–8521.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Lieberherr M, Grosse B. Androgens increase intracellular calcium concentration and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate and diacylglycerol formation via a pertussis-sensitive G protein. J Biol Chem 1994; 269: 7217–7223.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Wehling M, Ulsenheimer A, Schneider M, Neylon C, Christ M. Rapid effects of aldosterone on free intracellular calcium in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells: cellular localization of calcium elevation by single cell imaging. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994; 204: 475–441.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Blackmore PF, Neulen J, Lattanzio F, Beebe SJ. Cell surface binding sites for progesterone mediate calcium uptake in human sperm. J Biol Chem 1991; 266:18, 655–18, 659.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Wehling M. Nongenomic actions of steroid hormones. Trends Endocr Metab 1994; 5: 347–353.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Lieberherr M, Grosse B, Tassin M-T, Kachkache M, Bourdeau A. Transmembrane signal pathways induced by calcitriol, estradiol testosterone, and progesterone in osteoblasts. In: Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop on Vitamin D, Orlando, FL, May 28-June 2, 1994, pp. 315–323.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Kim YS, Birge SJ, Avioli LV, Miller R. Early manifestations of vitamin D effects in rat osteogenic sarcoma cells. Calcif Tissue Int 1987; 41: 223–227.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Oshima J, Watanabe M, Hirosumi J, Orimo H. la,25-(OH)2D3 increases cytosolic Ca++concentration of osteoblastic cells, clone MC3T3-El. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1987; 145: 956–960.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Caffrey JM, Farach-Carson MC. Vitamin D3 metabolites modulate dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium currents in clonal rat osteosarcoma cells. J Biol Chem 1989; 264:20, 265–20, 274.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Yukihiro S, Posner GH, Guggino SE. Vitamin D3 analogs stimulate calcium currents in rat osteosarcoma cells. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:23, 889–23, 893.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Sorensen AM, Bowman D, Baran DT. la,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 rapidly increases nuclear calcium levels in rat osteosarcoma cell. J Cell Biochem 1993; 52: 237–242.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Grosse B, Bourdeau A, Lieberherr M. Oscillations in inositol 1,4,5,-triphosphate and diacylglycerol induced by vitamin D3 metabolites in confluent mouse osteoblasts. J Bone Miner Res 1993; 8: 1059–1069.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Sorensen AM, Baran DT. 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 rapidly alters phospholipid metabolism in the nuclear envelope of osteoblasts. J Cell Biochem 1995; 58: 15–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Capitani S, Bertagnolo Y, Mazzoni M, Santi P, Previati M, Antonucci A, Manzoli FA. Lipid phosphorylation in isolated rat liver nuclei: synthesis of polyphosphoinositides at subnuclear level. FEBS Lett 1989; 254: 194–198.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Payrastre B, Nievers M, Boonstra J, Breton M, Verkleij AJ, Van Bergen en Henegouwen PMP. A differential location of phosphoinositide kinases, diacylglycerol kinase, and phospholipase C in the nuclear matrix. J Biol Chem 1992; 267: 5078–5084.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. York JD, Majerus PW. Nuclear phosphatidylinositols decrease during S-phase of the cell cycle in HeLa cells. J Biol Chem 1994; 269: 7847–7850.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Baran DT, Sorensen AM, Shalhoub V, Owen T, Oberdorf A, Stein G, Lian J. 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 rapidly increases cytosolic calcium in clonal rat osteosarcoma cells lacking the vitamin D receptor. J Bone Miner Res 1991; 6: 1269–1275.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Holick SA, Holick MF, MacLaughlin JA. Chemical synthesis of [113–3H] la,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and [1a-3H] 113,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: biological activity of 113,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1980; 97: 1031–1037.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Farach-Carson MC, Sergeev I, Norman AW. Nongenomic actions of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in rat osteosarcoma cells: structure-function studies using ligand analogs. Endocrinology 1991; 129: 1876–1884.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Norman AW, Okamura WH, Farach-Carson MC, Allewaert K, Branisteanu D, Nemers I, Muralidharan KR, Bouillon R. Structure function studies of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and the vitamin D endocrine system. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:13, 811–13, 819.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Norman AW, Bouillon R, Farach-Carson MC, Bishop JE, Zhou L- X, Nemere I, Zhao J, Muralidharan KR, Okamura WH Demonstration that 113,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is an antagonist of the nongenomic but not genomic biological responses and biological profile of the three A-ring diastereomers of 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:20, 022–20, 030.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Christ M, Sippel K, Eisen C, Wehling, M. Nonclassical receptors for aldosterone in plasma membranes from pig kidney. J Mol Cell Endocrinol 1994; 99: R31–34.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Orchinik M, Murray TF, Moore FL. A corticosteroid receptor in neuronal membranes. Science 1991; 252: 1848–1851.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Quelle FW, Smith RV, Hrycyna CA, Kaliban TD, Crooks JA, O’Brien JM. 3H-dexamethasone binding to plasma membrane enriched fractions from liver of nonadrenalectomized rats. Endocrinology 1988; 123: 1642–1651.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Bression D, Michard M. LeDafniet M, Pagesy P, Peillon F. Evidence for a specific estradiol binding site on rat pituitary membranes. Endocrinology 1986; 119: 1048–1051.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Pappas TC, Gametchu B, Watso CS. Membrane estrogen receptors identified by multiple antibody labeling and impeded-ligand binding. FASEB J 1995; 9: 404–410.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Ke FC, Ramirez VD. Binding of progesterone to nerve cell membranes of rat brain using progesterone conjugated to 125I-bovine serum albumin as a ligand. J Neurochem 1990; 54: 467–472.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Majewska MD, Demirogoren S, London ED. Binding pregnenolone sulfate to rat brain membranes suggests multiple sites of steroid action at the GABAA receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 1990; 189: 307–315.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Baran DT, Ray R, Sorensen AM, Honeyman T, Holick MF, Baran DT. Binding characteristics of a membrane receptor that recognizes 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its epimer, 113,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Cell Biochem 1994; 56: 510–517.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Ray R, Ray S, Holick MF. la,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3–313-bromo acetate, an affinity labeling analog of 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor. Bioorganic Chem 1994; 22: 276–283.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Van Auken M, Buckley D, Ray R, Holick MF, Baran DT. The effects of the vitamin D3 analog la,25dihydroxyvitamin D3–3f3-bromo acetate on rat osteosarcoma cells: comparison with 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Cell Biochem 1996; 63: 302–310.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Baran D, Merriman H, Ray R, Sorensen A, Quail J. Characteristics of an osteoblast membrane protein that recognizes 1a,25-(OH)2D3. J Bone Miner Res 1994; 10: S292.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Kim Y, Dedhar S, Hruska K. Binding of the occupied vitamin D receptor to extranuclear sites: a potential mechanism of nongenomic actions of la,25-(OH)2D3. In: Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop on Vitamin D, Orlando, FL, May 28-June 2, 1994, pp. 341–344.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Baran DT, Sorensen AM, Shalhoub V, Owen T, Stein GS, Lian JB. The rapid nongenomic actions of 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 modulate the hormone-induced increments in osteocalcin gene transcription in osteoblast-like cells. J Cell Biochem 1992; 50: 124–129.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Jenis LG, Lian JB, Stein GS, Baran DT. la,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced changes in intracellular pH in osteoblast-like cells modulate gene expression. J Cell Biochem 1993; 53: 234–239.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Khoury R, Ridall AL, Norman AW, Farach-Carson MC. Target gene activation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in osteosarcoma cells is independent of calcium influx. Endocrinology 1994; 135: 2446–2453.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Nemere I, Norman AW. Parathyroid hormone stimulates calcium transport in perfused duodena from normal chicks: comparison with the rapid (transcaltachic) effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Endocrinology 1986; 119: 1406–1408.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. deBoland AR, Nemere I, Norman AW. Ca2+ channel agonist bay k 8644 mimics 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 rapid enhancement of Ca2+ transport in chick perfused duodena. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1990; 166: 217–222.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. deBoland AR, Norman AW. Influx of extracellular calcium mediates 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 dependent transcaltachia (the rapid stimulation of duodenal Ca2+ transport). Endocrinology 1990; 127: 2475–2480.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Zhou L-X, Nemere I, Norman AW. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 analog structure-function assessment of the rapid stimulation of intestinal calcium absorption (transcaltachia). J Bone Miner Res 1992; 7: 457–463.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Dormanen MC, Bishop JE, Hammond MW, Okamura WH, Nemere I, Norman AW. Non-nuclear effects of the steroid hormone la,25-(OH)2-vitamin D3: analogs are able to functionally differentiate between nuclear and membrane receptors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994; 201: 394–401.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Norman AW, Bishop JE, Collins ED, Seo E-G, Satchell DP, Dormanen MC, Zanello SB, FarachCarson MC, Bouillon R, Okamura WH. Differing shapes of la,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 functions as ligands for the D-binding protein, nuclear receptor, and membrane receptor: a status report. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1996; 56: 13–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Nemere I. Apparent non-nuclear regulation of intestinal phosphate transport: effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 24–25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. Endocrinology 1996; 137: 2254–2261.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Nemere I, Szego CM. Early actions of parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol isolated epithelial cells from rat intestine. Endocrinology 1981; 108: 1450–1462.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Lucas PA, Roullet C, Duchambon P, Lacour B, Drueke T. Rapid stimulation of calcium uptake by isolated rat enterocytes by 1,25(OH)2D3. Pflugers Arch 1989; 413: 407–413.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Wali RK, Baum CL, Sitrin MD, Brasitus TA. 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 stimulates membrane phosphoinositide turnover, activates protein kinase C, and increases cytosolic calcium in rat colonic epithelium. J Clin Invest 1990; 85: 1296–1303.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Wali RK, Baum CL, Bolt MJG, Brasitus TA, Sitrin MD. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits Na+-H+ exchange by stimulating membrane phosphoinositide turnover and increasing cytosolic calcium in CaCo-2 cells. Endocrinology 1992; 131: 1125–1133.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Tien X-Y, Katnik C, Qasawa BM, Sitrin MD, Nelson DJ, Brasitus TA. Characterization of the 1,25dihydroxycholecalciferol-stimulated calcium influx pathway in CaCo-2 cells. J Membr Biol 1993; 136: 159–168.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Tien X-Y, Brasitus TA, Qasawa BM, Norman AW, Sitrin MD. Effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 and its analogues on membrane phosphoinositide turnover and [Ca2+]i in CaCo-2 cells. Am J Physiol 1993; 265: G143 - G148.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Lieberherr M, Grosse B, Duchambon P, Drueke T. A functional cell surface type receptor is required for the early action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the phosphoinositide metabolism in rat enterocytes. J Biol Chem 1989; 264:20, 403–20, 406.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Norman AW, Bouillon R, Farach-Carson MC, Bishop JE, Zhou L- X, Nemere I, Zhao J, Muralidharan KR, Okamura WH. Demonstration that 1(3,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is an antagonist of the nongenomic but not genomic biological responses and biological profile of the three A-ring diastereomers of 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 J Biol Chem 1993; 268:20, 022–20, 030.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Nemere I, Dormanen MC, Hammond MW, Okamura MW, Norman AW. Identification of a specific binding protein for la,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in basal-lateral membranes of chick intestinal epithelium and relationship to transcaltachia. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:23, 750–23, 756.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Kim YS, MacDonald PN, Dedhar S, Hruska KA. Association of 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-occupied vitamin D receptors with cellular membrane acceptance sites. Endocrinology 1996; 137: 3649–3658.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Baran DT. Nongenomic actions of the steroid hormone 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Cell Biochem 1994; 56: 303–306.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Baran, D.T. (1999). Nongenomic Rapid Effects of Vitamin D. In: Holick, M.F. (eds) Vitamin D. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2861-3_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2861-3_12

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-2863-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-2861-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics