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Airway Wall Structure

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Allergy and Allergic Diseases

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Abstract

In man and other mammalian species, the upper and lower airways are lined by a continuous mucosal layer. It is the site at which immune responses are initiated by immuno-competent cells on recognition of foreign molecules, suitably processed by resident antigen- presenting cells (APC). In humans, subsequent exposure to the relevant allergen initiates immune reactions, which may become persistent. Immune reactions are designed as defense mechanisms that normally protect the body; however, inappropriate or misdirected responses may lead to damage of host tissues. Control is maintained by cell—cell signaling via the release of cytokines that have the potential to induce an allergic inflammatory response. At rest, approx 10,000 to 15,000 L of air, containing allergen and pollutants, moves daily over the nasal and tracheobronchial airway mucosal lining of the adult human lung. hi the upper respiratory tract and proximal conducting airways of the lung the air is sampled, conditioned, and rendered free of many irritants and allergens before reaching the respiratory portion of the lung. The function of the conducting airways, in many respects, depends on the branching pattern and the dynamic interaction of structural, immuno-competent, and neural elements. Changes in the composition and integrity of airway-wall structural components may alter its effectiveness. A prerequisite to understanding the pathogenesis of allergic inflammatory disorders is an appreciation of normal airway structure and function. The present chapter focuses on cells that comprise the normal structure of the airway wall of the lower respiratory tract and considers briefly the cellular and structural variations that occur in allergic disease, in particular, those that may lead to the process of airway-wall remodeling, a characteristic change in chronic asthma.

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Authors
  1. Peter K. Jeffery PhD
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  2. Mariusz J. Gizycki MD
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  3. Andrew V. Rogers BSc
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

    Judah A. Denburg MD, FRCP(C)

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Jeffery, P.K., Gizycki, M.J., Rogers, A.V. (1998). Airway Wall Structure. In: Denburg, J.A. (eds) Allergy and Allergic Diseases. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2776-0_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2776-0_14

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