Abstract
Skeletal pathology is a leading cause of serious morbidity and functional loss in old age. However, it is difficult to distinguish between disease and normal age changes in the clinical approach to bone disorders, and this has led to substantial controversy over the diagnosis and treatment of the most common metabolic bone disease, osteoporosis. For example, loss of skeletal calcium is a nearly universal concomitant of aging independent of body size, race, or gender, but the process does not become pathologic until it is of sufficient magnitude to lead to osteoporotic fracture, with associated adverse consequences such as pain, immobility, deformity, and (in the case of hip fracture) premature death.
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Meier, D.E. (1997). Osteoporosis and Other Disorders of Skeletal Aging. In: Cassel, C.K., et al. Geriatric Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2705-0_29
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