Skip to main content

Later Neogene Hipparions from the Manonga Valley, Tanzania

  • Chapter
Neogene Paleontology of the Manonga Valley, Tanzania

Part of the book series: Topics in Geobiology ((TGBI,volume 14))

Abstract

The Manonga Valley basin in northern Tanzania comprises an extensive series of lacustrine and fluvial sediments deposited during the late Miocene and Pliocene (Harrison, 1991, 1993; Harrison et al., 1993; Harrison and Verniers, 1993; Verniers, this volume, Chapter 2; Harrison and Baker, this volume, Chapter 13). Fossil mammals were first recorded in the Manonga Valley during the 1920s and 1930s (Stockley, 1929; Grace and Stockley, 1930; Williams and Eades, 1938) but substantial collections were not made until the Wembere-Manonga Paleon-tological Expedition (WMPE) first visited the area in 1990 (Harrison and Mbago, this volume, Chapter 1).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aguirre, E., and Alberdi, M. T., 1974, Hipparion remains from the Northern part of the Rift Valley (Kenya), K. Ned. Akad. Wet. Ser. B, 77:146–157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berggren, W. A., and Van Couvering, J. A., 1974, The late Neogene; Biostratigraphy, geochronology and paleoclimatology of the past 15 million years in marine and continental sequences, Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol. 16(1–2):1–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bernor, R. L., 1985, Systematic and evolutionary relationships of the hipparionine horses from Maragheh, Iran (Late Miocene, Turolian age), Palaeovertebrata Montpellier, 15(4):173–269.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernor, R. L., and Franzen, J. L., 1997, The equids (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the late Miocene (Early Turolian) of Dorn-Dürkheim 1 (Germany, Rheinhessen). Cour. Forsch.-Instit. Senckenberg. 30:117–185.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernor, R. L., and Armour-Chelu, M., in press, Toward an Evolutionary History of African Hipparionine Horses, in: T. Brommage and F. Schrenk (eds.) African Biogeography, Climate Change and Early Hominid Evolution, Wenner-Gren Foundation Conference, Livingstonia Beach Hotel, Salima, Malawi. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernor, R. L., Heissig, K., and Tobien, H., 1987, Early Pliocene Perissodactyla from Sahabi, Libya, in: Neogene Paleontology and Geology of Sahabi (N. T. Boaz, A. El-Arnauti, A. W. Gaziry, J. de Heinzelin, and D. D. Boaz, eds.), Alan R. Liss, New York, pp. 233–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernor, R. L., and Hussain, S. T., 1985, An assessment of the systematic, phylogenetic and bio-geographic relationships of Siwalik hipparionine horses, J. Vert. Paleont. 5(1):32–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bernor, R. L., Koufos, G. D., Woodburne, M. O., and Fortelius, M., 1996, The evolutionary history and biochronology of European and South West Asian late Miocene and Pliocene Hipparionine horses, in: The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H. -W. Mittmann eds.) Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 307–338.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernor, R. L., Kovar-Eder, J., Lipscomb, D., Rögl, F., Sen, S., and Tobien, H., 1988, Systematics, stratigraphic and paleoenvironmental contexts of first-appearing Hipparion in the Vienna Basin, Austria, J. Vert. Paleo. 8(4):427–452.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bernor, R. L., Kretzoi, M., Mittmann, H. -W., and Tobien, H., 1993, A preliminary systematic assessment of the Rudabánya Hipparions, Mitt. Bayer. Staatsslamml. Paläont. hist. Geol. 33:1–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernor, R. L., and Lipscomb, D., 1991, The systematic position of “Plesiohipparion” aff. huangheense (Equidae, Hipparionini) from Gülyazi, Turkey, Mitt. Bayer. Staatsslamml. Paläont. hist. Geol. 31:107–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernor, R. L., and Lipscomb, D., 1995, A consideration of Old World Hipparionine horse phylogeny and global abiotic processes, in: Palaeoclimate and Evolution, with Emphasis on Human Origins. (E. Vrba, L. Burckle, G. Denton, and T. Partridge, eds.), Yale University Press, New Haven, pp. 164–177.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernor, R. L., Mittmann, H.-W., and Rögl, F., 1993b, The Götzendorf Hipparion, Ann. Naturhist. Mus., Wien. 95A:101–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernor, R. L., Qiu, Z., and Hayek, L. -A., 1990, Systematic revision of Chinese hipparion species described by Sefve, 1927, Amer. Mus. Novit. 2984:1–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernor, R. L., Tobien, H., Hayek, L. -A., and Mittmann, H. -W., 1997, Hippotherium primigenium (Equidae, Mammalia) from the late Miocene of Höwenegg (Hegau), Germany, Andrias 10:1–00.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernor, R. L., Tobien, H., and Woodburne, M. O., 1989, Patterns of Old World hipparionine evolutionary diversification and biogeographic extension, in: Topics on European Mammalian Chronology (E. H. Lindsay, V. Fahlbusch, and P. Mein, eds.), Plenum, New York, pp. 263–319.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernor, R. L., Woodburne, M. O., and Van Couvering, J. A., 1980, A contribution to the chronology of some Old World Miocene faunas based on hipparionine horses, Géobios 13(5):25–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, W. W., and Pickford, M. H. L., 1975, Geology, fauna and palaeoenvironments of the Ngorora Formation, Kenya Rift Valley, Nature 254:185–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boné, E. L., and Singer, R., 1965, Hipparion from Langebaanweg, Cape Province and a revision of the genus in Africa, Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 48:273–397.

    Google Scholar 

  • Churcher, C. S., and Richardson, M. L., 1978, Equidae, in: Evolution of African Mammals (V. J. Maglio, and H. B. S. Cooke, eds.), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, pp. 378–422.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deino, A., and Potts, R., 1990, Single-crystal 40Ar/39Ar dating of the Olorgesailie Formation, Southern Kenya Rift, J. Geophys. Res. 95:8453–8470.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drake, R., and Curtis, G. H., 1987, K-Ar geochronology of the Laetoli fossil localities, in: Laetoli — A Pliocene Site in Northern Tanzania (M. D. Leakey and J. M. Harris, eds.), Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 48–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisenmann, V., 1976, Nouveaux crânes d’hipparions (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) Plio-Pléistocènes d’Afrique Orientale (Ethiopie et Kenya): Hipparion sp., Hipparion cf. ethiopicum, et Hipparion afarense nov. sp., Géobios 9(5):577–605.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eisenmann, V., 1983, Family Equidae, in: Koobi Fora Research Project, Volume 2 The Fossil Ungulates: Proboscidea, Perissodactyla, and Suidae, (J. M. Harris, ed.), Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 156–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisenmann, V., Alberdi, M. T., Guili, C. de, and Staesche, U., 1988, Studying Fossil Horses. Volume 1. (Woodbume, M. and Sondaar, P., eds.), Brill, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grace, G., and Stockley, G. M., 1930, Geology of the Usongo area, Tanganyika Territory, J. East Afr. Nat. Hist. Soc. 37:185–192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, B. T., 1980, Environmental Reconstruction of the Hadar Formation, Ph.D. Dissertation, Case Western Reserve, Ohio. 431 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, T., 1991, Paleoanthropological exploration in the Manonga Valley, northern Tanzania, Nyame Akuma, 36:25–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, T., 1992, The Wembere-Manonga Palaeontological Expedition, 1992: Field Report, Unit of Antiquities, Dares Salaam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, T., 1993, Further paleoanthropological research in the Manonga Valley of north-central Tanzania, Nyame Akuma, 39:49–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, T., Verniers, J., Mbago, M. L., and Krigbaum, J., 1993, Stratigraphy and mammalian palaeontology of Neogene sites in the Manonga Valley, Northern Tanzania, Discovery and Innovation, 5:269–275.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, T., and Verniers, J., 1993, Preliminary study of the stratigraphy and mammalian palaeontology of Neogene sites in the Manonga Valley, northern Tanzania, N. Jh. Geol. Paläont. Abh 190:57–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hay, R., 1987, Geology of the Laetoli area, in: Laetoli: A Pliocene Site in Northern Tanzania (M. D. Leakey and J. M. Harris, eds.), Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 23–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, A., 1987, Causes of perceived faunal change in the later Neogene of East Africa, J. Hum. Evol. 16:583–596.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, A., 1995, Faunal and environmental change in the Neogene of East Africa: evidence from the Tugen Hills sequence, Baringo District, Kenya, in: Palaeoclimate and Evolution, with Emphasis on Human Origins (E. Vrba, L. Burckle, G. Denton, and T. Partridge, eds.), Yale University Press, New Haven, pp. 178–193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooijer, D. A., 1975a, Miocene to Pleistocene Hipparions of Kenya, Tanzania and Ethiopia, Zool. Verh. Leiden, 142:1–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooijer, D. A., 1975b, The hipparions of the Baringo Basin sequence, Nature, 254:211–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hooijer, D. A., 1987, Hipparions of the Laetoli Beds, Tanzania, in: LaetoliA Pliocene Site in Northern Tanzania (M. D. Leakey and J. M. Harris, eds.), Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 301–312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooijer, D. A., and Maglio, V. J., 1973, The earliest Hipparion south of the Sahara, in the Late Miocene of Kenya, Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wet. Amsterdam, ser. B 76:311–315.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooijer, D. A., and Maglio, V. J., 1974, Hipparions from the Late Miocene and Pliocene of Northwestern Kenya, Zool. Verband. Leiden, 134:1–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooijer, D. A., and Churcher, C. S., 1985, Perissodactyla of the Omo group deposits, American collections, in: Les Faunes Plio-Pleistocènes de la Basse Vallée de l’Omo. Cahiers de paléontologie— Travaux de paléontologie est-africaine. CNRS, Paris. pp. 99–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hulbert, R., 1987, A new Cormohipparion (Mammalia, Equidae) from the Pliocene (Latest Hemphillian and Blancan) of Florida, J. Vert. Paleo. 7(4):451–468.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hulbert, R., and MacFadden, B. J., 1991, Morphological transformation and cladogenesis at the base of the adaptive radiation of Miocene hypsodont horses, Amer. Mus. Novit 3000:1–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hussain, T., 1971, Revision of Hipparion (Equidae, Mammalia) from the Siwalik Hills of Pakistan and India, Bayer. Akad. Wissen. Math.-Natur. Klasse, Abh. 147:1–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kappelman, J., in progress, Magnetic reversal stratigraphy of the Manonga Valley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leakey, M. G., Feibel, C. S., Bernor, R. L., Harris, J. M., Cerling, T. E., Stewart, M., Storrs, G. W., Walker, A., Werdelin, L., and Winkler, A. J., 1996, Lothagam: a record of faunal change in the late Miocene of East Africa, J. Vert. Paleo. 16(3):556–570.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacFadden, B. J., 1980, The Miocene horse Hipparion from North America and from the type locality in Southern France, Palaeontology 23(3):617–635.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacFadden, B. J., 1984, Systematics and phylogeny of Hipparion, Neohipparion, Nannippus, and Cormohipparion (Mammalia, Equidae) from the Miocene and Pliocene of the New World, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull. 179(1):1–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacFadden, B. J., and Woodburne, M. O., 1982, Systematics of the Neogene Siwalik hipparions (Mammalia, Equidae) based on cranial and dental morphology, J. Vert. Paleo. 2(2): 185–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nakaya, H., Pickford, M., Nakano, Y., and Ishida, H., 1984, The late Miocene large mammal fauna from the Namurungule Formation, Samburu Hills, northern Kenya, African Study Monographs, Supplementary Issue No. 2, Kyoto: 87–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Qiu, Z., Weilong, H., and Zhihui, G., 1987, The Chinese hipparionine fossils, Palaeo. Sin., Ser. C., 175(25):1–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sondaar, P. Y., 1968, The osteology of the manus of fossil and recent Equidae, with special reference to phylogeny and function. Kon. Ned. Akad. Weten. Erste Beeks-Deel 25(1):1–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steininger, F. F., Berggren, W. A., Kent, D. V., Bernor, R. L., Sen, S., and Agusti, J., 1996, Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units, in: The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H. -W. Mittmann, eds.), Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 7–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stockley, G. M., 1929, Tinde bone beds and further notes on the Usonga Beds, Ann. Bep. Geol. Surv. Tanganyika 1929:21–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swisher, C. C. III, 1996, New Ar40/Ar39 dates and their contribution toward a revised chronology for the late Miocene of Europe and West Asia, in: The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H. -W Mittmann, eds.), Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 64–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tobien, H., 1959, Hipparion-Funde aus dem Jungtertiär des Höwenegg (Hegau), Aus der Heimat 67:121–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tobien, H., 1986, Die jungtertiäre Fossilgrabungsstätte Höwenegg im Hegau (Südwestdeutschland); ein Statusbericht, Carolinea 44:9–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walter, R. A., and Aronson, J., 1993, Age and source of the Sidi Hakoma Tuff, Hadar Formation, Ethiopia, J. Hum. Evol. 25:229–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Webb, S. D., and Hulbert, R. C., 1986, Systematics and evolution of Pseudhipparion (Mammalia, Equidae) from the late Neogene of the Gulf Coastal Plain and the Great Plains, Contrib. Geol., Univ., Wyom., Spec. Pap. 3:237–272.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, G. J., and Eades, N. W., 1938, Explanation of the geology of Degree Sheet No. 18 (Shiny anga), Bull. Geol. Surv. Tanganyika 13:5–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodburne, M. O., 1989, Hipparion horses: a pattern of endemic evolution and intercontinental dispersal, in: Perissodactyla (D. Prothero, and J. Franzen, eds.), Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 197–233.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodburne, M. O., and Bernor, R. L., 1980, On superspecific groups of some Old World hipparionine horses, J. Paleo. 8(4):315–327.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodburne, M. O., Bernor, R. L., and Swisher, C. C. III., 1996a, A systematic and geochronologic reassessment of the “Hipparion” Datum, in: The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H. -W Mittmann eds.), Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 124–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodburne, M. O., Theobald, G., Bernor, R. L., Swisher, C. C. III., König, H., and Tobien, H., 1996, Advances in the geology and stratigraphy at Höwenegg, Southwestern Germany, in: The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H. -W. Mittmann eds.), Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 106–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodburne, M. O., MacFadden, B. J., and Skinner, M. F., 1981, The North American “Hipparion” datum and implications for the Neogene of the Old World, Géobios 14:493–524.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bernor, R.L., Armour-Chelu, M. (1997). Later Neogene Hipparions from the Manonga Valley, Tanzania. In: Harrison, T. (eds) Neogene Paleontology of the Manonga Valley, Tanzania. Topics in Geobiology, vol 14. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2683-1_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2683-1_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-3265-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-2683-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics