Implicit Memory, Interpersonality Amnesia, and Dissociative Identity Disorder

Comparing Patients with Simulators
  • Eric Eich
  • Dawn Macaulay
  • Richard J. Loewenstein
  • Patrice H. Dihle
Chapter
Part of the NATO ASI Series book series (NSSA, volume 291)

Abstract

Dissociative identity disorder (DID) involves the presence of two or more distinct personality states or identities that recurrently take control of an individual’s behavior (see DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994). From one DID patient to the next, these identities can vary tremendously in number, complexity, and frequency of emergence, as well as in such fundamental features as age, gender, handedness, and emotional complexion. In general, however, they can be construed as “highly discrete states of consciousness organized around a prevailing affect, sense of self (including body image), with a limited repertoire of behaviors and a set of state dependent memories” (Putnam, 1989, p.103).

Keywords

Implicit Memory Repetition Priming Personality State Implicit Test Conscious Recollection 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition ( 1994 ). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
  2. Eich, E., Macaulay, D.,& Lam, R. (1997). Mania, depression, and mood dependent memory. Cognition and Emotion (in press).Google Scholar
  3. Eich, E., Macaulay, D., Loewenstein, R.J.,& Dihle, P.D. (1997). Memory, amnesia, and multiple personality disorder. (submitted for publication).Google Scholar
  4. Lilienfeld, S.O. (1995). Is multiple personality disorder a distinct syndrome? In S.O. Lilienfeld, Seeing both sides: Classic controversies in abnormal psychology (pp.170–172& 193–195 ). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.Google Scholar
  5. Nissen, M.J., Ross, J.L., Willingham, D.B., MacKenzie, T.B.,& Schacter, D.L. (1988). Memory and awareness in a patient with multiple personality disorder. Brain and Cognition, 8, 21–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. Putnam, F.W. (1984). The study of multiple personality disorder: General strategies and practical considerations. Psychiatric Annals, 14, 58–61.Google Scholar
  7. Putnam, F.W. (1989). Diagnosis and treatment of multiple personality disorder. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
  8. Putnam, F.W., Guroff, J.J., Silberman, E.K., Barban, L.,& Post, R.M. (1986). The clinical phenomenology of multiple personality disorder: Review of 100 recent cases. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 47, 285–293.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Roediger, H.L. (1990). Implicit memory: Retention without remembering. American Psychologist, 45, 1043–1056.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. Schacter, D.L. (1987). Implicit memory: History and current status. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 13, 501–518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. Schacter, D.L. (1996). Searching for memory: The brain, the mind, and the past. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
  12. Schacter, D.L.,& Kihlstrom, J.F. (1989). Functional amnesia. In F. Boller& J. Grafman (Eds.), Handbook of neuropsychology, Volume 3 (pp. 209–230 ). New York: Elsevier.Google Scholar
  13. Schacter, D.L., Kihlstrom, J.F., Kihlstrom, L.C.,& Berren, M.B. (1989). Autobiographical memory in a case of multiple personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 98, 508–514.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. Silberman, E.K., Putnam, F.W., Weingartner, H., Braun, B.G.,& Post, R.M. (1985). Dissociative states in multiple personality disorder: A quantitative study. Psychiatry Research, 15, 253–260.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. Snodgrass, J.G.,& Corwin, J. (1988). Perceptual identification thresholds for 150 fragmented pictures from the Snodgrass and Vanderwart picture set. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 67, 3–36.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. Snodgrass, J.G.,& Vanderwart, M. (1980). A standardized set of 260 pictures: Norms for naming, agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6, 174–215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. Spanos, N.P. (1994). Multiple identity enactments and multiple personality disorder: A sociocognitive perspective. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 143–165.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 1997

Authors and Affiliations

  • Eric Eich
    • 1
  • Dawn Macaulay
    • 1
  • Richard J. Loewenstein
    • 2
  • Patrice H. Dihle
    • 3
  1. 1.University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
  2. 2.Sheppard Pratt HospitalUSA
  3. 3.Way StationFrederickUSA

Personalised recommendations