Abstract
This chapter is concerned with coastal water level fluctuations caused by waves having longer periods than those generated directly by the wind, and other nonwave fluctuations in coastal water levels. In particular, these may be classified as:
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1.
Astronomical tide—periodic fluctuations caused by the interaction of gravitational and centrifugal forces primarily between the earth, sun, and moon
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2.
Tsunamis—surface waves generated by underwater disturbances primarily of seismic origin
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3.
Basin oscillations—resonant response of water bodies to long period wave and nonwave excitations
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4.
Storm surge—setup and setdown of coastal water levels caused by meteorological forces
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5.
Climatological/geological effects—long-term changes in relative sea level owing to atmospheric warming coupled with coastal uplift or subsidence.
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Sorensen, R.M. (1997). Coastal Water Level Fluctuations. In: Basic Coastal Engineering. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2665-7_5
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