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Problems in the Management of Hypothyroidism

  • Chapter
Diseases of the Thyroid

Part of the book series: Contemporary Endocrinology ((COE,volume 2))

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Abstract

Overt hypothyroidism occurs in 1.5–2% of women and in 0.2% of men; its incidence increases with age. Most hypothyroid patients have disease of the thyroid gland. Presenting complaints and physical findings vary widely from patient to patient and depend on the severity of the illness. Patients may present with weakness, fatigue, arthralgias, myalgias, muscle cramps, cold intolerance, constipation, lethargy, dryness of the skin, headache, menorrhagia, hoarseness, edema, and unexplained weight gain. Physical findings include varying degrees of brittle nails and hair, pallor, delayed relaxation time of the deep tendon reflexes, keratinic skin color, macroglossia, mental status changes, diastolic hypertension, bradycardia, and, often, a palpable goiter (1) Laboratory investigation may show increased serum cholesterol, abnormal liver enzymes and creatinine kinase, increased serum prolactin, hyponatremia, normochromic, normocytic or macrocytic anemia, and, in those with Hashimoto’s disease, the presence of antithyroid microsomal (antithyroid peroxidase) antibodies (1).

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Authors
  1. Enrico L. Ocampo MD
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  2. Martin I. Surks MD
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA

    Lewis E. Braverman MD

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Ocampo, E.L., Surks, M.I. (1997). Problems in the Management of Hypothyroidism. In: Braverman, L.E. (eds) Diseases of the Thyroid. Contemporary Endocrinology, vol 2. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2594-0_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2594-0_9

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