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Regulation of Neuronal Circuits and Animal Behavior by Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors

  • Chapter
The Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors

Part of the book series: The Receptors ((REC))

Abstract

Within the nervous system, neurons are organized into circuits or networks of interconnected cells that mediate specific functional tasks. Traditionally, most of the major connections that make up a neural network have been viewed as synaptic connections in which activation of ligand-gated ion channels results in either excitation or inhibition of a receptive neuron (i.e., fast synaptic transmission). However, in recent years, the increase in our understanding of second messengers and their roles in modulating neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission has led to an enlargement of this concept. It is now clear that fast synaptic transmission through networks of neurons can be modulated by activation of receptors coupled to second-messenger systems through GTP-binding proteins. For instance, in a network of neurons connected by glutamatergic synapses, it was generally held that glutamate would elicit fast synaptic responses by activating members of the ionotropic glutamate receptor family. Neuromodulators from extrinsic afferents (i.e., acetylcholine, serotonin, norepinephrine, and so forth) could then modulate transmission through the network of glutamatergic neurons by activating GTP-binding protein-linked receptors and second-messenger systems. Although there are a number of neurotransmitters that activate both ligand-gated ion channels and receptors coupled to second-messenger systems, until recently, it was thought that all of the actions of glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, were mediated by activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors and generation of fast synaptic responses.

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Authors
  1. P. Jeffrey Conn
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  2. Danny G. Winder
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  3. Robert W. Gereau IV
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    P. Jeffrey Conn

  2. Zeneca Pharmaceuticals Group, Wilmington, DE, USA

    Jitendra Patel

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© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Conn, P.J., Winder, D.G., Gereau, R.W. (1994). Regulation of Neuronal Circuits and Animal Behavior by Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors. In: Conn, P.J., Patel, J. (eds) The Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors. The Receptors. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2298-7_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2298-7_8

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-61737-006-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-2298-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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